IGCSE Year 9 Physics formulae

1 1
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐻𝑧) = 𝑓=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 (𝑠) 𝑇

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m) v=fλ

𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝐽)

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝐽)

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑚) ∆𝑠

𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚/𝑠) = 𝑣=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑠) ∆𝑡

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚/𝑠) ∆𝑣

𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑚/𝑠 2 ) = 𝑎=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑠) ∆𝑡

Remember: If initial velocity = u and final velocity = v, then

𝑢+𝑣
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: ∆𝑣 = 𝑣 − 𝑢 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 =
2

moment (Nm) = force (N) × perpendicular distance (m)

Principal of moments: Total clockwise moment = total anticlockwise moment

Weight (N) = mass (kg) × 10 W = m x 10

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒(𝑁) = 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡(𝑁/𝑚) × 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑚) F = k ∆x

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑔) 𝑚
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 ) = 𝜌=
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑐𝑚3 ) 𝑉

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑁) 𝐹
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑃𝑎) = 𝑃=
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑚2 ) 𝐴

𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑃𝑎) = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑚) × 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ) × 𝑔 𝑃 =ℎ×𝜌×𝑔