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1. g
values
-‐ Spin-‐orbit
coupling
-‐ Spin
orbit
coupling
arising
from
the
ground
state
-‐ Spin-‐orbit
coupling
arising
from
mixing
of
ground
state
with
excited
states
2. Fine
structure
-‐ Zero
field
spli?ng
(Due
to
spin-‐orbit
coupling
and
spin-‐spin
interacBon)
Where
this
is
the
case
if
S
level
does
not
have
zero
field
spli5ng
(
only
one
signal
will
be
observed
as
the
spli?ng
of
energy
level
will
be
similar
ie..
At
any
point
the
transiBon
from
-‐1
to
0
and
0
to
+1
will
always
be
equal.
Zero
field
spli5ng
Zero
field
spli?ng
will
be
observed
system
containing
more
than
one
unpaired
electrons.
In
general,
species
with
S
spin
has
the
total
of
(2S+1)
energy
state
characterized
by
quantum
number
Ms
In
the
absence
of
external
magneBc
field
all
these
states
are
degenerate.
However,
the
degeneracy
of
these
states
removed
through
electrical
field
produced
by
other
atoms
which
act
via
spin-‐orbit
coupling
even
in
the
absence
of
magne?c
field
ie
zero
field
called
Zero
field
spli5ng
(D).
D
=
0
D
=
0
H
=
0
H
≠
0
Zero
field
spli5ng
(ZFS)
in
S
=
1
system
Zero-‐Field
Spli5ng.
e-‐-‐e-‐
interacBon:
magneBc
dipolar
spin-‐orbit
coupling
+1
S
=
1
S
=
3/2
S
=
2
S
=
5/2
Zero
field
spli5ng
and
hν
(rela?onship)
0.6
0.4
0.10 0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.20
-0.4
D
≈
hν
-0.6
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
0.30
(H
||
z)
1.0
0.50
0.5
1.5 0.0
-0.5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
H/G
H/G
Effect
of
hν
Vs
D
for
S
=
1
system
(H || z)
X
D
=
1.5
cm-‐1
0-‐7
kG
(E
=
0)
W
0-‐60
kG
Typical
0
10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
X-‐band
H/G
field
range
MShanmugam
and
Co-‐workers
Chem.
Commun,
2014,
ASAP
arBcle,
DOI:
10.1039/c4cc08305a
Modula?ng
the
magne?c
anisotropy
by
ligand
field
in
transi?on
metal
ion
1. g
values
-‐ Spin-‐orbit
coupling
-‐ Spin
orbit
coupling
arising
from
the
ground
state
-‐ Spin-‐orbit
coupling
arising
from
mixing
of
ground
state
with
excited
states
2. Fine
structure
-‐ Zero
field
spli?ng
(Due
to
spin-‐orbit
coupling
and
spin-‐spin
interacBon)
HO-‐CH2.
A
CH3-‐CH2.
A A
A
Intensity
of
EPR
lines
when
Ii
=
½
(i
=
1,
2,
3
etc..)
Intensity
of
EPR
lines
when
Ii
=
½
(i
=
1,
2,
3
etc..)
Intensity
of
EPR
lines
when
Ii
=
1
(i
=
1,
2,
3
etc..)
Intensity
of
EPR
lines
when
Ii
=
1
(i
=
1,
2,
3
etc..)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(1)
Nuclear
Spin
Value
of
important
3d
ions
EPR
spectra
of
Radical
Tempo-‐OSO3-‐
The
ESR
spectrum
shows
eight
well-‐defined
isotropic
signals
which
confirm
that
no
delocalizaBon
occurs
between
the
metal
centres.
Polyhedron.,
2013,
53,
8
Simple
V(IV)
monomeric
complexes
EPR
spectrum
No
of
lines
(2nI+1).(2mI+1)
In
the
second
derivaBve
spectrum,
a
superhyperfine
(2X1X7/2+1).(2X2X1/2+1)
coupling
of
the
unpaired
electron
of
the
vanadium
8X3
=
24
lines
atom
with
the
N
imido
group
(14N
nucleus,
I
=
1)
gives
rise
to
a
typical
1:1:1
triplet
Parameters
contributes
to
hyperfine
spli5ng
Fermi
contact:
Isotropic
interacBon
between
the
unpaired
electron
and
the
nucleus.
Where
µB
=
Bohr
magneton
µN
=
Nuclear
magneton
gN
=
Nuclear
g
factor
Q(0)
=
Electron
spin
density
on
the
nucleus
ai
=
Isotropic
hyperfine
coupling
constant
Fermi
contact
Ø s
orbital
is
the
only
one
with
non-‐zero
probability
of
an
electron
being
present
at
the
posiBon
of
the
nucleus.
Probability
of
finding
electron
in
s-‐orbital
ns
orbitals
have
(n
-‐
1)
radial
nodes.
For
s
orbital
n
=
1;
l
=0;
ml
=
0
np
orbitals
have
(n
-‐
2)
radial
nodes.
For
p
orbital
n
=
2;
l
=1;
ml
=
3
(-‐1,
0,
+1)
nd
orbitals
have
(n
-‐
3)
radial
nodes.
For
d
orbital
n
=
3;
l
=2;
ml
=
5
(-‐2,
-‐1,
0,
+1,
+2)
nf
orbitals
have
(n
-‐
4)
radial
nodes.
For
f
orbital
n
=
4;
l
=3;
ml
=
7
(-‐3,
-‐2,
-‐1,
0,
+1,
+2,
+3)
Spin
Polariza?on
Unbalanced
spaBal
distribuBon
of
electron
spin
density
depending
on
the
electron
spin
state
called
Spin
polarizaBon
Benzene
radical
anion