Functional Group Structural Reactivity General Formula Bond Type Polar/ Non-Polar

Alkane Substitution CnH2n+2 A hydrocarbon with only Non-Polar

Suffix – Ane single bonds
Substituent - Alkyl

Propane
Alkene Addition, Cn2n A hydrocarbon with (at Non-Polar
Suffix - ene Oxidation least) one C=C (double)
bond

Propene
Alkyne Addition, Cn2n-2 A hydrocarbon with at least Non-Polar
Suffix – yne Oxidation one C≡C triple bond

Propyne
Alcohol Substitution, Cn2n+1X The -OH is a is an alcohol Polar (Because -OH
Suffix – ol Oxidation, (unless it is attached to a group can hydrogen
Substituent - hydroxy Elimination C=O, then it is part of a bond)
carboxylic Acid)
Ethanol
Haloalkane (Fluoro, Substitution, Cn2n+1OH An alkyl group attached to a Non-Polar (but more
Chloro, Bromo, Iodo) Elimination halogen polar than alkanes)
Suffix - ane

Chloroethane
Amine Acid-Base, Cn2n+1NH2 NH2 attached to a C Polar (because NH2
Suffix – amine Substitution (secondary amines R2NH; group takes part in
Substituent - amino tertiary amines R3NH) hydrogen bonding
(less polar than -OH)
Propan-1-amine
Aldehyde Oxidation and Cn2nO a -C=O (carbonyl) on the end Polar due to the C=O
Suffix - Al Reduction of a chain (attached to h and (but less polar than -
another C) OH); Dipole-Dipole

Propanal
Ketone Reduction Cn2nO a -C=O (carbonyl) with a C Polar due to the C=O
Suffix - one atom on either side (but less polar than -
OH); Dipole-Dipole

Butanone
Carboxylic Acid Acid-Base, Cn2n+1COOH a -C=O (carbonyl) on the Polar as -OH group
Suffix – oic acid Substitution same C atom as a -OH can hydrogen bond

Ethanoic Acid
Acid Chloride (Acid Substitution Cn2n+1COCl a -C=O (carbonyl) on the Polar (but less polar
Halide) same C atom as a chloride than -OH); Dipole-
Suffix – oyl halide atom Dipole

Ethanoyl Chloride
Amide Hydrolysis Cn2n+1CONH2 a -C=O (carbonyl) on the Polar (because NH2
Suffix – amide RCONH2 - Primary same C atom as a -NH2- or - group takes part in
NH- hydrogen bonding
RCONHR - Secondary
RCONR2 - Tertiary
Ethanamide
Ester Substitution R-COO-R a -C=O (carbonyl) adjacent Non-Polar
Suffix - ..yl…otate to an alkoxy (OR) and an R
Group is an ester

Ethyl Ethanoate