NGINEER TO WI. MTree el eco yey) CAR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY or how to build winners which don’t breakSTATEMENT OF NONLIABILITY ‘Our society has reached the point where I'am advised that, in order to protect myself from possible lawsuits, 1 should include @ statement of nonliability in this book. Since I beliove thatthe human being is wholly responsible for his or her own actions, 1 strongly object to this necessity and to the morality that has spawned it However, 1 would object even more strongly to being sued—so here itis: ‘The price of man in motion is the occasional collision, Motor racing is dangerous, [n order to be competitive in this business it is necessary for both man and machine to ‘operate atthe outer edges oftheir respective performance envelopes. The closer we come to the edge, the greater the risk of ‘falling off. This book is about improving the performance of the racing car and its driver, It deals with the deliberate exploration of the outer limits of traction— and of materials, The closer the racing cat approaches its theoretical potential, the greater the chances become of paying a sudden-stop type penalty when anyone involved in the exercise makes an error in judgment. If, while aitempting to apply any of the ideas, procedures, or advice contained in this book, you should come unstuick—or your racer should break—it will be as @ result of your own conscious decision, 1 disclaim responsibility for your actions—and for your accident. Carroll Smit First published in 1984 by MBI Publishing Company, PO Box I, 729 Prospect Avenue, Osceola, W1 54020-0001 USA © Canoll Smith All rights reserved. With the exception of quoting brief passages for the purposes of review no part of this publication may be reproduced without prior wi permission from the Publisher. ‘The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the author or Publisher, who also disclaim any liability incurred in connection with the use of this data or specific details. We recognize that some words, model names and designations, for example, mentioned herein are the property of the trademark holder. We use them for identification. purposes only. This is not an official publication MBI Publishing Company books are also available at discounts in bulk quantity for industrial or sales-promotional use. For details write to Special Sales Manager at Motorbooks Intemational Wholesalers & Distributors, 729 Prospect Avenue, PO Box 1, Osceola, WI §4020-0001 USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smith, Carval Engineer to win, Bibliography: p. 277 1, Automobiles, Racing —Design and construction, LT TL236.S518 1984 629.228 84-16526 ISBN 0-87938-186-8 (pbk.) Printed in the United States of America‘one Introduction to Metallurgy ceed Two Plastic and Elastic Deformation Of Metals .......35 THREE ‘Iron and Steel Making . a FOUR, Alloying And Heat Treatment Of Steels ..........67 FIVE ‘Historic Overview Of Man’s Production ‘Of Iron And Steel .......- sx NowFerrous Metals And Their Metallurgy— ‘Composite Materials . : SEVEN ‘Metal Fatigue—Or Why Things Break .. 101 EIGHT ‘Threaded Fasteners—An Educated Re-Look .....137 NaN The Joining OF Materals—Riveting, Bonding & Welding . : os AST TEN Plumbing Revisited .. 169 ELEVEN Braking System . 2185 CONTENTS TWELVE Pre- And Postnatal Care For ‘The Racing Wheel And Tire ....-- 193 THIRTEEN Springs And Shock Absorbers ... +201 FOURTEEN Load Transfer And Suspension Geometry ......-209 FIFTEEN Gearbox And Final Drive .... 2B SIXTEEN Changes In The World Of Vehicle Dynamics ....231 SEVEN? Tools & Tips... 149. EIGHTEEN Beancounting For The Non-Beancounter ........257 NINETEEN Bits. & Pieces ceeeee 21688 ‘APPENDIX ONE Corporations That The Racer Should Know About . 0 APPENDIX TWO Recommended Reading 278