Module 2b

BASH ( Bourne Again SHell )

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Learning Objectives

● After completing this module,

participants will be able:

- Manipulate files using built-in tools.

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Typing cd without an argument, the

shell will sent you to your home
directory.

/home/davey

● /home/davey is also called an absolute

path.

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Assuming you are in your HOME. Lets

populate some folders inside your
home.
mkdir -pv folder1/folder/2/folder3

● The absolute path of folder1 is

/home/davey/folder1

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Typing.
ls /home/davey/folder1
ls folder1

● The result will be the same because

folder1 is in your relative path

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Typing.
cd /home/davey/folder1/folder2

● You are now inside folder2. Folder1

and folder3 will now be in your
relative path.

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Absolute & Relative Path

● The easy way to traverse directories is

to use absolute path.
● It is also the most tedious way of
traversing directories.
● Consider this kind of absolute path.

/home/dummy/somedummydir/another
dummydir/insideaotherdummydir

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Absolute & Relative Path

● The fast way to traverse directories is

to use relative path.
● Without practice, it is also the most
confusing way.

/home/dummy/somedummydir/another
dummydir/insideaotherdummydir

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Consider again this directories.

Assuming you are inside
anotherdummydir.

/home/dummy/somedummydir/another
dummydir/insideaotherdummydir

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Absolute & Relative Path

● To go to somedummydir using
absolute path, you type.

cd /home/dummy/somedummydir/

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Absolute & Relative Path

● Using relative path, you type only.

cd ../

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./ and ../ and ../../ and ../../../

./ meaning, here in this very path.

../ one path or folder higher.
../../ two folder higher.
../../../ three folder higher.

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Permissions and ownership

echo “12345” > apracticefile

ls -lh apracticefile

-rw-r--r-- 1 davey davey 6 Jun 11 16:49 apracticefile

----------- ------- -------- ------------------- ----------------

permission owner group creation time filename

ownership

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Permissions and ownership

● Permission ● Ownership

read – r (4) user – u

write – w (2) group – g
execute – x (1) other - o

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

-rw-r--r--
4 2 0400400
--------- ------- -------
6 4 4
owner group other

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

● Meaning the owner, group,and others

are allowed to read and write (666).

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

● Only the is allowed to read and write

(600).

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

● Only the owner is allwed to read and

write, the rest are allowed to read
only (644).

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

● No one is allowed to read or write

(000).

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-rw-r--r-- ( The bits)

● Will try the kill binary program (751).

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Setting permission

● Lets create a file w/ content and view

it.
echo “abc123” > file1
echo “321cba” >> file1
cat file1

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Setting permission

● Changing the permission and viewing

it.
chmod 400 file1
echo “def123” >> file1

chmod 600 file1

echo “def123” >> file1

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Setting permission

● Lets try to prevent ourself from

viewing and writing to our file.
chmod 000 file1
echo “def123” >> file1
cat file1
more file1

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grep

● Global Regular Expression Print

● A utility that searches a certain

PATTERN of string based from a
criteria

● We will only use regular pattern for

this class.

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grep

● Preparing a file for practice.

awk '{print $3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9}' archiveEXC06.txt >

archive7.txt

● The command above will never be a part of our subject.

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grep

● View the content of the file.

cat archive7.txt

● Probably, you new already knew the

-n option of cat.
cat -n archive7.txt
cat -n archive7.txt > archive8.txt

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grep

● Lets grep something

grep 41m archive7.txt
grep -i 41m archive7.txt

● How many tmg files that has a 41Mb

file size?

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grep with count

● How many tmg files that has a 41Mb

file size?

grep -i 41m -c archive7.txt

grep -i 41m archive7.txt | wc -l

● wc, another tool, meaning word count.

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grep with count

● How many tmg files that has a 41Mb

file size that was created only in the
month of June?

grep -i 41m archive7.txt | grep -i jun

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Nano ( The Editor )

● nano screen

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Nano ( The Editor )

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Nano ( The Editor )

● Try editing archive7.txt

nano archive7.txt

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Question(s)

“Minna Ashita no test ganbatte”

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