Slide 1

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So far in our look at bad
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are essentially non-a

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Fallacies differ from rhet
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conclusion by argum
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So far, we have discusse

structures.

Affirming the cons

P1) If P then Q
P2) Q
Slide 2

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Deriving ought f
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P1) Murder is
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C1) We shoul

(Two further fo
shift fallacy –
Slide 3

Sub
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Another sub
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‘Ad hominem
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moves invo
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a claim, rath
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There is no
The man is
Slide 4

You can no doubt s

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arguments. As
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P1) George W.
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P2) George W.
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C1) George W.
Slide 5

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Think about th
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these valid. A
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P3)* Anyone w

The character
Slide 6

There is a tempta
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understandable
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If someone has m
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have little reaso

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the story of the b

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Such reluctance
credence we sh
the aims of critic

However, what w
Slide 7

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B&K also note

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ad hominem
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that an individ
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to be gained f
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In other words
environmenta
that we have t
order to comb
Slide 8

In a similar way,
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All these dent
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know why tha

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educated hal
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and then driv
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absolutely no
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This is an obviou
political sphere
s/he might not b
Slide 9

Here is an exam
the ad hominem
individual’s beh
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The event tha

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caught drivin
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That speaks
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The suggestion
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advocate thems
secretaries spe
both ways when
preparation—th

Doctors and
Slide 10

Using weak ana

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a fallacy (see B
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Arguments that
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take the analog

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similar in certai
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hidden, genera
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E.g. The analogy

the ways in whi
that we can get

The structure of su
Slide 11

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Examples incl
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because we d
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cigarettes are
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harmful to oth
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Various versio
God are also i

It can be hard
Slide 12

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Unjustified or
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Consider the f
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CL tells me th
January*
CL is class co
If someone is
exam
Slide 13

This looks fine

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these in turn a
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Not all appeal

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argument that
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Taking recrea
saying just the
Slide 14

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• Serious exam
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accident victim
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as train crashe
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of rail safety.
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issues such a
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unfortunate re
drug use, for e
the problem o
Slide 15

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Notice that both a

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rejection of a cla
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advocate(s).
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Conversely, majo
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accepting a conc
advocate(s).

I will go over so
Slide 16

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One fallacy B&K d

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of conflating
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This is a very stra

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1. One argues th
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2. The other tha

(remember: th
able to think o
in valid argum
Slide 17

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Telling lies and b

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There should be
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There’s a law ag
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It’s immoral to bu

Of course, we n
Slide 18

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The next three s

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mistakes conce
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That is, these fa

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one event caus

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The first fallacy

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that is, if you sp

because an eve
of e2.

The Latin name

Slide 19

What is being a
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It is the idea tha

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former is a caus
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Consider this le
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P1) Most hard d

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C1) Banning br

Inserting the hid

Slide 20

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The other mai

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discussions of
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fallacy of mis
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This substanti
the fact that tw
relation of cau
Just because
follow that x c
Slide 21

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Now, it may w
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that really mea

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sound argume
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There are prob

understand la
understanding
possibly even
just typically h
Slide 22

Research carrie
secret of everla
humans to prev
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seem to age fa
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causal relations
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But it is not warranted

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ageing to the claim

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ageing.
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As B&K state

The proposition that t

of that thing caus
Slide 23

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To test your gra

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fallacies are co
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Get Shorty:
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Chili and Tommy e

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and Ed sit near

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- CHILI: So what
- TOMMY: No, I s
article says mo
I'm safe.
Slide 24

Fa
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Let us now cons

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the 1K course.
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couple of key m
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is equivalent to
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charge amount
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The accusation
between his Cle
is true”), and the
the following sk
Slide 25

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Now consider the f

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P1) All I clearly

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P2) I clearly & d

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P3) The idea of
P4-Pn) [run thro
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C1) God exists

Is this a valid ar
Slide 26

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The key to get

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arguments is i
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argument, as
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rationally pers
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The suggestion
not be rationa
have or lack fo

Remember, D
Slide 27

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What is unsat
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supposed to h
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sceptical know
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above use mo
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case, we have
distinctly perc
mind, inclined

This is where t
Slide 28

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To see this is th
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arguments, on
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P1) If God exi

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P2) If God is n
true
P3) God exist
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C1) All I clearl
Slide 29

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And
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P1) All I clearl

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P2) I clearly &

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P3) The idea o

P4-Pn) [run th
want here]
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C1) God exist
Slide 30

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But look at w
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actually alrea
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argument, P1
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question—it
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are arguing f
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It’s worth stre

at least, they
existence), ev
fallacious arg