Clinical Pharmaceutical Scientist

A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing

pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences.
Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-
scientists.
The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist, in
that a clinical pharmaceutical scientist is a practicing clinical pharmacist involved in science
relating to the discovery and/or development of pharmaceuticals, the development of new
knowledge improving the use of pharmaceuticals in clinical practice, or any other subfield of
pharmaceutical science

Physician/Doctor
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who
practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through
the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental
impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of
patients and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility
for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and
communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed
knowledge of the academic disciplines (such as anatomy and physiology) underlying diseases
and their treatment—the science of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied
practice—the art or craft of medicine.

Nursing
Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals,
families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of
life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient
care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of
prescription authority. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and
this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurse
practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.
In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards
advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles
are changing.