ee NG Oh TIT _ CYTOLOGY and Den) 170) R Olen | Q Ey Oe1. Sample Collection and Preparation, 1 JH. Meinkoth, RL. Cowell, R.D. Tyler ‘ad RJ. Morton Methods of Sample Collection, 1 Fine-Neelle Biopsy, 1 Impression Smears, 4 Serapings, 6 Swabs, 7 Preparation of Slides: Solid Tissue Aspirates, 7 Slide-Over-Slide Smears (*Squash Preps"), 7 Blood Smear Technique, 8 “Starfish” Preps, 8 Preparation of Slides: Fluid Samples, 11 Staining Cytologic Preparations, 14 To Stain. or Not to Stain?, 14 ‘Types of Stain, 14 ‘Submission of Samples to the Laboratory, 15 ‘Submission of Samples for Culture, 15 all the Laboratory before Collecting the Sample, 15 Collect Samples as Aseptically as Possible, 16 ‘Submit Fresh Samples, 17 Use Proper Methods for Collection and Transport of Samples, 17 Use a Timely Transportation Service, 18, 2. Cell Types and Criteria of Malignancy, 20 TH. Meinkoth, RL, Cowell, and RD. Tyler ‘Are Sufficient Numbers of Well-Stained, Well Preserved, Intact Cells Present to Evaluate? 20 Are AlLof the Cellson the Smear Inflammatory Cells, 21, Neutrophils, 22 Macrophages, 24 “Lymphocytes (Small, Medium, and Large), 24 osinopis, 25 Ita Smears Composed of Tissue Cells Rather than Tnilammatoty Cells, What Type of Cell are resent, 26 Discrete Cells (Round Cel), 27 Athlial Gels, 32 Meseichymal Clb, 35 Do the Tissue Cells Present Display Significant ‘Criteria of Malignancy?, 37 Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy, 38 General Criteria of Malignancy, 39 General Cautions Reganding Evaluating Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy, 45 Selected Infectious Agents, 47 RL. Cowell, RD. Tyler, J.H. Meinkoth, and D. DeNicola Identification of Organisms, 47 Bacteria, 47 Yeast, Dermatophtes, Hyphating Fungi, ‘and Algae, $2 Protozoa, 62 |. Round Cells, 68 D. DeNicola| ‘Transmissible Venereal Tumors, 68 Presentation and Biological Behavior, 68 Cytologic Presentation, 69 Mast Cell Tumors, 69 Presentation and Biological Behavior, 69 Cytologic Presentation, 70 Histiocytic Tumors, 72 Presentation and Biological Behavior, 72 Cytologic Presentation, 73 Lymphoproliferative Disease, 74 Presentation and Biological Behavior, 74 Cytologic Presentation, 75 Melanocytic Tumors, 76 Presentation and Biological Behavior, 76 Cytologic Presentation, 76 Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Lesions, 78 RD. Tyler, RL. Cowell, and [.H. Meinkoth Collection Techniques, 78 Fine-Neeile Biopsies, 73 Scrapings, 78 Inprints, 78. Swabs, 79aA Contents General Appearance of the Lesion, 79 Fistulous Tracts, 79 Ureerated Lesions, 79 Nonulcerated Lesions, 79 General Evaluation of Cytologic Smears, 79 Evaluation of an Inflammatory Cell Fopulation, 79 Infectious Agents, 81 Bacteria, 81 Yeust, Dermatophytes, Hyphating Fung, and Algae, 83 Protozoa, 88 Noninfectious Inflammatory Lesions, 89 Injection Site Reactions, 89 Sterile, Foreign-Body-Induced Inflammation, 89 Allergic Inflammatory Reactions, 90 Parasite-Induced Inflammatory Reactions, 90 Immune-Mediated Skin Lesions, 90 raunatic Skin Lesions, 92 Collagen Necrosis, 92 Insect Bites, 92 Snake Bites, 92 Evaluation of Noninflammatory Cell Populations, 92 Discrete Cell (Round Cell) Tumors, 93 Epithelium, 97 ‘Tumors Involving Superficial Squamous Epithelial Cells, 98 Adnexal Tumors, 101 Undifferentiated Carcinomas, 102 Subcutaneous and Glandular Tissues, 103 Tumors of Mesenchymal Origin (Spindle Cell Tumors), 103 Evaluation of Fluid-Flled Lesions, 107 Miscellaneous, 111 Subcutaneous Glandular Tissue Mammary, Salivary, Thyroid, and Parathyroid, 14 RW. Allison and JM, Maddux ‘The Mammary Glands, 112 Nonnal Cytologic Appearance, 112 Benign Lesions, 113 Malignant Neoplasms, 114 ‘The Salivary Glands, 117 Normal Cytologic Appearance, 117 Nonneoplastic Lesions, 118 Neoplastic Lesions, 118 ‘The Thyroid Glands, 121 ‘Normal Cytologic Appearance, 121 Benign Lesions, 122 Malignant Neoplasms, 123, Cystic Lesions, 125 The Parathyroid Glands, 125 Nasal Exudates and Masses, 130 CB. Andreasen, PM, Rakich, and K.S. Latimer Indications, 130 Sampling Techniques, 130 Normal Cytologic Findings, 131 Infectious Agents, 132 Noninfectious Conditions, 134 Neoplastic Disorders, 134 8. The Oropharynx and Tonsils, 138 D&C. Bernreuter Techniques, 138 Normal Findings, 138. The Oropharynx, 139 ‘Nonneoplastic Lesions, 139 Neoplastic Lesions, 140 Algorithmic Interpretation of Samples, 146 9. The Eyes and Associated Structures, 149 KM. Young and K.W. Prasse General Considerations, 149 Stains, 149 Microscopic Evaluation, 149 The Eyelids, 150 Blepharitis, 150 Discrete Masses, 150 ‘The Conjunctiva, 151 Neutrophilic Conjunctivitis, 152 Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Conjunctivitis, 153 Eosinophilic and Mast Cell Conjunctivitis, 153 Noninflammatory Lesions of Conjunctiva, 154 ‘The Nictitating Membrane, 154 The Nasolacrimal Apparatus, 15S Dacryoeystitis, 1 Lacrimal Gland Cysts (Dacryops), 156 Parotid Transposition Cysts, 157 Lacrimal Gland Tumors, 157 ‘The Sclera and Episclera, 157 ‘The Cornea, 158 Infectious Ulcerative Keratitis, 159 Eosinophilic Kerattis, 160 (Chronic Superficial Keratitis, 162 Corneal Tumors, 162 Epithelial Inclusion Cysts, 162 ‘The Uvea, 162 ‘Aqueous Humor, 162 ‘The Iris and Ciliary Body, 163 The Vitreous Body, 165 Endophthalmitis, 166 Hemorrhage, 167 Intraocular Tumors, 167 ‘The Retina, 167 The Orbit, 167 Exophthalmos, 167 Orbital Tumors, 167 Postenucleation Orbital Lesions, 168 10. The External Ear Canal, 172 PK. Patten, RL, Cowel, and B.D. Tyler Causes of Otitis, 172 Conformation, 172 Habits, 172 ‘Skin Diseases, 172 Organisms, 172 Tumors, 172 Trawna, 172 Diagnosis, 172