Music Genres of Baroque

1. Concerto - a form of orchestral music that emloys a solo instrument accompanied by an

orchestra.

2. Concerto Grosso - form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period where in the music
is between a small group of solo instrument called concerto and the whole orchestral called
tutti .

3. Fugue - a contropuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint.

- usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with main theme called "subject" .
- The entire piece, grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical
character.

4. Oratorio - a large scalle musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates
narratives religions themes. This is usually performed without the use of costumes.
Examples:
a. Handel's - "Messiah", "Samson", "Israel", and "Egypt"
The first three periods of Western Music History are classified as Medieval b. Bach's - "Christmas Oratorio"
Renaissance, and Baroque. Each period has it's distinctive characteristic, c. Haydn's - "The Creation"
historical, and cultural backgrounds.
A type of music from Medieval Era is Grgorian Chant, which has mainly used
in the early Christian Church.
Music during Renaissance Period became an important liesure activity.
5. Chorale - musical compositions that was resembles a harmonized version of hymnal tunes
Members of the upperclass were expected to have recieved musical training. of the Protestan during the Baroque Era.
Imitative polyphony is the distinctive characteristic of Renaissance Music.
Baroque Period is characterized by grand and elaborate ornamentation of
sculptures, theaters, arts, and music. The music genres which flourished during
the Baroque Period wer the concerto, the fugue, the oratorio, and the chorale.
Music evoved along side with man's constant quest for growth and
development.
 " Music of the Medieval Period (700 - 1400) "

2. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi - is also known as the Middle Ages or " Dark Ages " or ''park Ages'' that started with the fall
Born: Vence, March 4, 1678 Died: Vienna, July 28, 1744 of roman empire.
- his nickname il Prete Rosso ( The Red Priest ) because of his red hair was an Italian Baroque - During this time, the Christian church influenced Europe's culture and political affairs.
Composer, Catholic Priest and virtuoso violinist. Monophonic plainchant was named after Pope Gregory I, who made this approved music
- his influenced during his lifetime was indespired over Europe. His most piece is "The Four of Chatholic church.
Seasons". This composition is a series of 4 violin depicting each of the seasons, "Spring",
"Summer", "Autumn", and "Winter". Characteristics of the Gregorian Chants
-Monophonic
-Freemeter
-Modal
-Usually based on latin liturgy
-Use of Neume notation

Troubadour Music
-usually monophonic
- -sometimes with improvised accompaniment
- tells of chivalry and courtly love
- originated in France
- written in French Language

3. George Friedrich Handel

Bord: Germany, February 23, 1685 Died: London, April 14, 1759
Famous Composer of the Medieval Period
1. Adam de la Halle, France, (1237 – 1288)
- he is remembered his opera and oratorios.
- Messiah was written in the space of twenty four days in London but it was in Dublin when
it was performed.

- also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback)

- he was the son of a well- known citizen of Arras, Henri de Halle.
- he was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical works include
chansons and poetic debates.
His works:
1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion 2. La Chanson du roi de Sicile
 " Music of Renaissance Period "
- comes from word "renaitre" which means "rebirth", "revival", and "rediscovery".
- it is a period of looking back to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome.
- lute was the prominent instrument of the Renaissance era.
- though sacred music was still of great importance, secular music became more prominent.
- other historical facts during this era is the discovery at the actual position of earth in the
solar system by Cupernicus.
Famous Composer of the Baroque Period
1. Johann Sebastian Bach
Born: Germany, March 21, 1685 Died: July 28, 1750
- JS Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught to play violin by his father.
- His soprano voice help him to be accepted at as school in Luneberge. Few years later, his
voice changed ang Bach focused in playing the violin and horpside.

Characteristic

of

Renaissance Music

- mostly polyphonic
- immitation among voices
- use of word painting in texts and music
- melodic lines move in a flowing manner
- melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale with with few large
leaps.
His works include:
Vocal Music of Renaissance Period - Cocerto Grosso - Brandenburge Concretos
1. Mass - is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy - Masses - Mass in B minor
into music. - Cantatas - Cantata 208 and 211
- Fugues - Tocato and Fugues in O minor
Characteristic of the Mass:
- Works for clavichord and horpsichord
- Polyphonic
Example: Well - tempered clover came of his more well - known ket boast in provisotions.
- May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment
- Text maybe syllabis (one note set to each syllable), neumatic ( a few notes set to one
syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable)
 "Music of the Baroque Period ( 1685 - 1750 )

The word Baroque - derived from the Portuguese word "barroco" which means "pearl Five Main Section of Mass
of irregular shapes". New instrumental techniques and charges in musical notation were 1. Kyrie "Lord Have Mercy"
develop Major and Minor tonality was also created in this period. 2. Gloria "Glory to God in the Highest"
Characteristics of Baroque Music 3. Credo " Apostle's Creed" or " Nicean Creed"
- Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental 4. Sanctus and Benadictus "Holy, holy," and "Blessed Is He"
- Melodies are not easy to sing or remember. 5. Agnus Die " Lamb of God"
- Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony
- Dynamic contrast - alternation between loud and soft
- Music genres - operas, oratorios, suites, toccatas, concerto grosso, fugue
- Orchestra consists of strings and continuo
- Harpischord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used

2. Madrigal - a secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It
was written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the
most important secular form during the Renaissance Period.

Characteristic of the Madrigal:

- Polyphonic
New Forms: - Sung a cappella
1. binary - AB - Through - composed
2. ternary - ABC - Frequently in 3 to 6 voices
3. ground bass
4. fugue
Famous Composers of Renaissance Period
1. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Rome . 1525, Feb. 2, 1594 2. Thomas Morley, 1557 - 1602
- is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music. - he was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a brewer.
- he was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of - he was the most famous composer of secular music in his time and was also a singer in the
church leader in the 16th century. local cathedral and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan
composer of sacred music.
Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass
-is held up as the perfect examples of counter reformation style. Kyrie is a part of the first Musica Transalpina - a collection of Italian madrigals filled with English text, was published
rwo sections of the Pope Marcellus Mass. in 1588 by Nicolas Yonge.
- He was an organist and choir master at both the Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter's which His works include:
may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical composition. - Fire, Fire, My Heart
- he had planned to become a priest but eventually changed his mind and married a wealthy - Sing and Chant It
widow. - Fantastic
- April Is in my Mistress Face
- It was a Lover and His Lass