CALCULATIONS

Project : Title : Conveyance Line Thrust block-03

Location : Stability Analysis - Combined Bend
Date : Ref No. :
Prepared By : ERCJr Checked By :

Ref. Document / Manual: Structural Design Criteria; USACE EM 1110-2-2100 "Stability A nalysis of Concrete
Structures"

Figure 1: Forces acting on thrust block-Plan view

Figure 2: Forces acting on thrust block-Elevation view

NOTE: effect of earth pressure is neglected

Selfweights
1. Tributay length of Pipe
−3
Φ in := 2.3m tp := 8mm γsteel := 78.49kN⋅ m internal dia.; thickness; unit wt. of steel;
tributary length; angle of inclination from
Ltb := 11.95m Lp := Ltb + 10.0m Lp = 21.95 m hor. of u/s;angle of bend; length of pipe
within thrust block;angle of bend u/s & d/s
βpu := 0deg βpd := 26deg
vert. and hor. angle of inclination from
hor. (u/s and d/s)
αpu := 7deg αpd := 2deg

2 3
(
Vp := 0.25⋅ π⋅ Φ in + 2tp ⋅ Lp ) Vp = 92.47⋅ m volume of steel pipe

2 3
(
Vptb := 0.25⋅ π⋅ Φin + 2tp ⋅ Ltb ) Vptb = 50.343⋅ m volume of steel pipe within thust block

Wp := −γsteel⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅  Φ in + 2tp − Φ in  ⋅ Lp

2 2
 ( ) 
Wp = −99.937⋅ kN weight of steel pipe within thrust block

2. Water within tributary length of pipe

−3
γw := 9.81kN⋅ m
unit weightof water;
2
Ww := −γw⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅ Φ in ⋅ Lp Ww = −894.642 ⋅ kN total weightof water

3. Thrust block

3 −3 concrete volume (from CAD);unit wt. of

Vconc := 250.80⋅ m γconc := 24kN⋅ m
conc.

2 area of base footing (from CAD); height

Atb_f := 74.207m

( )
Vtb := Vconc − Vptb

3
Vtb = 200.457 ⋅ m vol. of conc. on thrust block,

4 4 lengths of base on X and Y directions;

Lbx := 14.456m Lby := 8.077⋅ m Ixb := 235.2992m Iyb := 1112.1178m
centroidal moments of inertia of base
(fr. CAD)
xc := 7.480m yc := 3.318m zc := 2.447m centroid of block from toe of respective
directions (O1 and O2, from CAD)
Wtb := −Vtb⋅ γconc Wtb = −4810.98 ⋅ kN
weight of conc. on thrust block

(
M Oy_Wtb := Wtb + Ww + Wp ⋅ xc ) M Oy_Wtb = −43425.573⋅ kN⋅ m moment at respective pt. O

( )
M Ox_Wtb := Wtb + Ww + Wp ⋅ yc M Ox_Wtb = −19262.841⋅ kN⋅ m

4. Foundation
coef. of friction at critical sliding plane; all.
p all := 300kPa cS := 0kPa ϕs := 30deg bearing pressure; cohesion; soil angle of
friction

Design Forces
1. Static forces
Fx := 510.993kN Fy := 2277.705kN Fz := 415.874kN refer to separate calculations
0 0 0

xF := 7.456m yF := 2.65m zF := 3.647m loc. of forces from pt. respective pt. O

(forces acting at center of bend)
M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 4964.348⋅ kN⋅ m
0 0 0 0 moment at pt. O (X-Z)
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 9408.856⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
0 0 0 0
2. Normal operating
Fx := 323.435kN Fy := 1456.102kN Fz := 265.862kN refer to separate calculations
1 1 1
M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 3161.835⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
1 1 1 1
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 6014.938⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
1 1 1 1

3. Max. surge
Fx := 0kN Fy := 0kN Fz := 0kN refer to separate calculations
2 2 2
M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 0 ⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
2 2 2 2
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 0 ⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
2 2 2 2
4. Transient forces
Fx := 0kN Fy := 0kN Fz := 0kN refer to separate calculations
3 3 3
M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 0 ⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
3 3 3 3

M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 0 ⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)

3 3 3 3
5. Mass flow forces
Fx := 0.5739kN Fy := 3.2712kN Fz := 0.5739kN refer to separate calculations
4 4 4

M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 6.372⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)

4 4 4 4
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 13.451⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
4 4 4 4
6. Earth pressure
a. At destabilizing side (at rest)
−3
Ka := 0.296 γs := 18kN⋅ m h s := 2.2m at rest earth pressure coef. (refer to
separate calcs);unit weight of soil; height
of soil
Lbx' := 12.12m Lby' := 3.3m soil pressure affected length at x&y
direction
 2
Fx := 0.5⋅ γs⋅ Ka⋅ h s ⋅ Lby'
5 Fx = 42.549⋅ kN
5
2
Fy := 0.5⋅ γs⋅ Ka⋅ h s ⋅ Lbx' Fy = 156.272 ⋅ kN
5 5

Fz := 0kN wt. of soil

5
1
zs := ⋅ hs zs = 0.733 m
3
M oy := Fx ⋅ zs M oy = 31.203⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
5 5 5

M ox := Fy ⋅ zs M ox = 114.6⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)

5 5 5

b. At resisting side

Kp := 6.675 α := 60% Coulumb's passive earth pressure coef.

(refer to seaparate calcs); percent of
passive pressure mobilized
2
Fx' := −0.5⋅ γs⋅ Kp ⋅ hs ⋅ Lby'⋅ α
5 Fx' = −575.711 ⋅ kN
5
2
Fy' := −0.5⋅ γs⋅ Kp⋅ h s ⋅ Lbx'⋅ α Fy' = −2114.429⋅ kN
5 5

M oy' := Fx' ⋅ zs M oy' = −422.188 ⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)

5 5 5

M ox' := Fy' ⋅ zs M ox' = −1550.581⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)

5 5 5

7. Dead weight of pipe

Lpu := 17.93m Lpd := 40.68m ( )
sin βpu = 0 length of pipe from thrust block to
thrust block

Wpu := −γsteel⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅  Φin + 2tp − Φin  Lpu

2 2
 ( ) 
weight of pipe upstream

Wpd := −γsteel⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅  Φin + 2tp − Φin  Lpd

2 2
 ( ) 
weight of pipe downstream

Wpu = −81.634⋅ kN Wpd = −185.213 ⋅ kN

6  ( ( ) ( ))
Fx := if αpu > 0 , Wpu ⋅ cos βpu ⋅ cos αpu , 0

Fy := if αpu > 0 , ( Wpu sin( αpu) ) , 0
6  

6  ( ( ) ( ))
Fz := if βpu > 0 , Wpu cos αpu ⋅ sin βpu , 0

Fx = 81.025⋅ kN Fy = −9.949⋅ kN Fz = 0 ⋅ kN
6 6 6

M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 295.5⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)

6 6 6 6
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = −36.283⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
6 6 6 6
8. Frictional force over supports
2 2
Wwu := −γw⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅ Φ in ⋅ 0.5Lpu Wwd := −γw⋅ 0.25⋅ π⋅ Φ in ⋅ 0.5Lpd wt. of water u/s and d/s

Wwu = −365.397 ⋅ kN Wwd = −829.021 ⋅ kN μs := 0.5

coef. of friction for steel on concrete

( ) ( ( )) ( )
Fx_u := μs⋅ Wpu + Wwu ⋅ cos βpu ⋅ cos αpu

Fxu := −Fx_u ⋅ cos βpu ( ) Fxu = 221.849 ⋅ kN frictional force upstream

( ) ( ( )) ( )
Fx_d := −μs⋅ Wwd + Wpd ⋅ cos βpd ⋅ cos αpd

Fxd := Fx_d ⋅ cos βpd ( ) Fxd = 409.415 ⋅ kN frictional force downstream

( ) ( ( )) ( )
Fy := −μs⋅ Wwd + Wpd ⋅ cos βpd ⋅ sin αpd
7
Fx := if ( Fxu + Fxd > 0 , Fxu + Fxd , 0 ) Fz := 0
7 7
Fx = 631.264 ⋅ kN Fy = 15.907⋅ kN Fz = 0 ⋅ kN
7 7 7
M oy := Fx ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ xF M oy = 2302.221⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
7 7 7 7
M ox := Fy ⋅ zF + Fz ⋅ yF M ox = 58.013⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
7 7 7 7

9. Earthquake forces
2
kxy := 0.20 kz := ⋅ kxy kz = 0.133
3
a. Inertia
Fx := kxy Wtb + Ww + Wp
8 Fx = 1161.112⋅ kN inertia force for (location of resultant)
8
Fy := kxy Wtb + Ww + Wp Fy = 1161.112⋅ kN
8 8
Fx_8 := 1.3kxy Wtb + Ww + Wp Fx_8 = 1509.445⋅ kN inertia force for (sliding)

Fy_8 := 1.3kxy Wtb + Ww + Wp Fy_8 = 1509.445⋅ kN

8
(
Fz := −kz Wtb + Ww + Wp ) Fz = 774.074 ⋅ kN
8
M oy := Fx ⋅ zc + Fz ⋅ xc M oy = 8631.316⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (X-Z)
8 8 8 8
M ox := Fy ⋅ zc + Fz ⋅ yc M oy = 8631.316⋅ kN⋅ m moment at pt. O (Y-Z)
8 8 8 8
b. Earth pressure (destabilizing side)
Kae := 0.51 MO seismic coef. for active earth pressure
(refer to separate calcs)
2
9
( )
Fx := 0.5⋅ Kae − Ka ⋅ γs⋅ h s ⋅ Lby' Fx = 30.762⋅ kN
9
2
9
( )
Fy := 0.5⋅ Kae − Ka ⋅ γs⋅ h s ⋅ Lbx' Fy = 112.981 ⋅ kN
9

2
zes := ⋅ hs zes = 1.467 m
3

M oy := Fx ⋅ zes M oy = 45.118 m⋅ kN moment at pt. O (X-Z)

9 9 9
M ox := Fy ⋅ zes M ox = 165.705 m⋅ kN moment at pt. O (X-Z)
9 9 9
c. Earth pressure (resisting side)
Kpe := 5.072 MO seismic coef. for passive earth
pressure (refer to separate calcs)
2
9
( )
Fx' := 0.5⋅ Kp − Kpe ⋅ γs⋅ h s ⋅ Lby'⋅ α Fx' = 138.257⋅ kN
9
2
9
( )
Fy' := 0.5⋅ Kp − Kpe ⋅ γs⋅ h s ⋅ Lbx'⋅ α Fy' = 507.78⋅ kN
9

M oy' := Fx' ⋅ zes M oy' = 202.777 m⋅ kN moment at pt. O (X-Z)

9 9 9
M ox' := Fy' ⋅ zes M ox' = 744.743 m⋅ kN moment at pt. O (X-Z)
9 9 9

Load combinations and overturning resistance

1. Total forces
a. Case 1; static + soil
M cox := M Ox_Wtb + M ox + M ox + M ox
0 0 5 6
M coy := M Oy_Wtb + M oy + M oy + M oy
0 0 5 6
Fcx := Fx + Fx + Fx
0 0 5 6
Fcy := if  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  > 0 ,  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  , 0
0  0 5 6 5  
0 5 6 5  
Fcz := Wtb + Ww + Wp + Fz + Fz + Fz
0 0 5 6

b. Case 2; Operating + mass flow + soil + friction over support

M cox := M Ox_Wtb + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox
1 1 5 6 7
M coy := M Oy_Wtb + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy
1 1 5 6 7
Fcx := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx
1 1 4 5 6 7
Fcy := if  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  > 0 ,  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  , 0
1  1 4 5 6 7 5  1  4 5 6 7 5  
Fcz := Wtb + Ww + Wp + Fz + Fz + Fz + Fz
1 4 5 6 7

c. Case 3; static + soil + earthquake

100% inertia force
M cox := M Ox_Wtb + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox
2 0 5 6 8 9
M coy := M Oy_Wtb + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy
2 0 5 6 8 9
Fcx := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx
2 0 5 9 8 6
Fcy := Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy' + Fy'
2 0 5 8 6 9 5 9
Fcz := Wtb + Ww + Wp + Fz + Fz + Fz
2 5 6 8
130% inertia force
Fcxi := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx_8 + Fx
0 0 5 9 6
 Fcyi := Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy_8 + Fy + Fy' + Fy'
0 0 5 9 6 5 9
d. Case 4; Operating + mass flow + soil + earthquake + friction over support
100% inertia force
M cox := M Ox_Wtb + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox
3 1 4 5 6 8 9 7
M coy := M Oy_Wtb + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy
3 1 4 5 6 8 7
Fcx := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx
3 1 4 5 9 8 6 7
Fcy := Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy' + Fy'
3 1 4 5 9 8 6 7 5 9
Fcz := Wtb + Ww + Wp + Fz + Fz + Fz + Fz + Fz
3 4 5 6 8 7
130% inertia force
Fcxi := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx_8 + Fx + Fx
1 1 4 5 9 6 7
Fcyi := Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy_8 + Fy + Fy + Fy' + Fy'
1 1 4 5 9 6 7 5 9

e. Case 5; Operating + mass flow + soil + friction over supports + Transient

M cox := M Ox_Wtb + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox + M ox
4 1 3 5 6 7
M coy := M Oy_Wtb + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy + M oy
4 1 3 5 6 7
Fcx := Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx + Fx
4 1 3 4 5 6 7
Fcy := if  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  > 0 ,  Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy + Fy'  , 0
4  1 3 4 5 6 7 5  1 3 4 5 6 7 5  
Fcz := Wtb + Ww + Wp + Fz + Fz + Fz + Fz + Fz
4 3 4 5 6 7

f. Summary of total forces as per load combination

T
M cox = ( −9775.668 −13111.573 −4200.344 −7522.798 −13111.573 ) ⋅ kN⋅ m
T
M coy = ( −38134.522 −37634.815 −29458.088 −28997.126 −37634.815 ) ⋅ kN⋅ m
T
Fcx = ( 634.568 1078.848 1826.441 2270.722 1078.848 ) ⋅ kN
T
Fcy = ( 309.6 0 2091.472 1289.047 0 ) ⋅ kN
T
Fcz = ( −5389.684 −5804.984 −5031.483 −5030.91 −5804.984 ) ⋅ kN
T
Fcxi = ( 2174.775 2619.055 ) ⋅ kN
total force for case 3 & 4 with 130%
T inertia force
Fcyi = ( 2439.806 1637.381 ) ⋅ kN

Eccentricity from centroid of mass & design moment

centroid of footing from toe of respective
xcen := 7.617m ycen := 3.354m
directions (O1 and O2, from CAD)

Summary of location of resultant

 M coy 
ξ := if  M cox > 0 , , xcen
i
i  i Fcz 
 i 
  M cox 

η := if M cox > 0 ,
i
, ycen
i  i Fcz 
 i 
T location of resultant force from
ξ = ( 7.617 7.617 7.617 7.617 7.617 ) m
respective pt. O (case 1 to 4)
T
η = ( 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 ) m
points of stress evaluation - edges
x := ( −6.839 −6.839 −1.552 0.553 5.315 7.617 1.751 −0.326 )m
of footing (referred from c.g.)
y := ( 3.354 −1.946 −1.946 −2.427 −4.723 0.051 2.880 3.354 )m

i (
exact := xcen − ξ
i ) i (
eyact := ycen − η
i ) M dx := Fcz ⋅ eyact
i i i
M dy := Fcz ⋅ exact
i i i

T T
exact = ( 0 0 0 0 0 ) m M dx = ( 0 0 0 0 0 ) ⋅ kN⋅ m
T T
eyact = ( 0 0 0 0 0 ) m M dy = ( 0 0 0 0 0 ) ⋅ kN⋅ m

Stability Check
Case0 := 1 LC0 := "Usual" loading condition

1. Sliding
 tan( ϕs) ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f 
( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f
0 
FSsy := if Fcy > 0 ,
0
, "No Sliding Force" 
FSsx := 0  0 Fcy 
0 Fcx
0
 0 

( (
FSs_reqd := if LC0 = "Usual" , 1.5 , if LC0 = "Unusual" , 1.3 , 1.1
0
))
CheckFSsx := if  Fcx > 0 , if  FSsx > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
0 0  0  0  
CheckFSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , if  FSsy > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
0 0  0  0  

FSsx = 4.904 FSs_reqd = 1.5 FSsy = 10.051

0 0 0

CheckFSsx = "OK" CheckFSsy = "OK"

0 0

2. Bearing pressure at corners (thrust block)

 Mdx0 ⋅ ( y )j  Mdy0 ⋅ ( x )j
T T
Fcz
σ0 :=
0
+
  +
 
j Atb_f Ixb Iyb

T stresses at edges of footing

σ0 = ( 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 ) ⋅ kPa
percent of base in comp.

( )
 Checkresultant :=
0
Check1 ← (
αcomp ← if LC0 = "Usual" , 100% , 75% )
if  αxcomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , if  αycomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , "OK"  
 0 0  
( (
Check2 ← if η > Lby , "NOT OK" , if ξ > Lbx , "NOT OK" , "OK"
0 0 ))
(
if LC0 = "Extreme" , Check2 , Check1 )
Checkresultant = "OK"
0
b. Bearing capacity

( (
p all_LC.0 := if LC0 = "Unusual" , 1.15⋅ p all , if LC0 = "Extreme" , 1.50⋅ p all , pall ))
( )
max σ0 = 72.63⋅ kPa p all_LC.0 = 300⋅ kPa

( ( )
Checkbearing_0 := if p all_LC.0 > max σ0 , "OK" , "NOT OK" ) Checkbearing_0 = "OK"

b. Case 2

Case1 := 2 LC1 := "Usual" loading condition

b.1. Sliding
 tan( ϕs) ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f 
( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f
1 
FSsy := if Fcy > 0 ,
1
, "No Sliding Force" 
FSsx := 1  1 Fcy 
1 Fcx
1
 1 

( (
FSs_reqd := if LC1 = "Usual" , 1.5 , if LC1 = "Unusual" , 1.3 , 1.1
1
))
CheckFSsx := if  Fcx > 0 , if  FSsx > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
1 1 1  1  
CheckFSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , if  FSsy > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
1 1 1  1  

FSsx = 3.107 FSs_reqd = 1.5 FSsy = "No Sliding Force"

1 1 1

CheckFSsx = "OK" CheckFSsy = "No possibility of overturning"

1 1

b.2. Bearing pressure at corners (thrust block)

 Mdx1 ⋅ ( y )j  Mdy1 ⋅ ( x )j
T T
Fcz
σ1 :=
1
+
  +
 
j Atb_f Ixb Iyb

T stresses at edges of footing

σ1 = ( 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 ) ⋅ kPa
percent of base in comp.

Checkresultant :=
1
Check1 ← (
αcomp ← if LC1 = "Usual" , 100% , 75% )
if  αxcomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , if  αycomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , "OK"  
 1 1  
( (
Check2 ← if η > Lby , "NOT OK" , if ξ > Lbx , "NOT OK" , "OK"
1 1 ))
(
if LC1 = "Extreme" , Check2 , Check1 )
 Checkresultant = "OK"
1
b. Bearing capacity

( (
p all_LC.1 := if LC1 = "Unusual" , 1.15⋅ p all , if LC1 = "Extreme" , 1.50⋅ p all , pall )) = 300000 Pa
( )
max σ1 = 78.227⋅ kPa p all_LC.0 = 300⋅ kPa

( ( )
Checkbearing_1 := if p all_LC.1 > max σ1 , "OK" , "NOT OK" ) Checkbearing_1 = "OK"

c. Case 3

Case2 := 3 LC2 := "Extreme" loading condition

c.1. Sliding
( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f ( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f
2
2 FSsy :=
FSsx := 2 Fcyi
2 Fcxi 0
0

( (
FSs_reqd := if LC2 = "Usual" , 1.5 , if LC2 = "Unusual" , 1.3 , 1.1
2
))
CheckFSsx := if  Fcx > 0 , if  FSsx > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
2 2 2  2  
CheckFSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , if  FSsy > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
2 2 2  2  

FSsx = 1.336 FSs_reqd = 1.1 FSsy = 1.191

2 2 2

CheckFSsx = "OK" CheckFSsy = "OK"

2 2

c.2. Bearing pressure at corners (thrust block)

 Mdx2 ⋅ ( y )j  Mdy2 ⋅ ( x )j
T T
Fcz
σ2 :=
2
+
  +
 
j Atb_f Ixb Iyb
T stresses
σ2 = ( 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 ) ⋅ kPa at edges of footing
percent of base in comp.

Checkresultant :=
2
Check1 ← (
αcomp ← if LC2 = "Usual" , 100% , 75% )
if  αxcomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , if  αycomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , "OK"  
 2 2  
( (
Check2 ← if η > Lby , "NOT OK" , if ξ > Lbx , "NOT OK" , "OK"
2 2 ))
(
if LC2 = "Extreme" , Check2 , Check1 )
Checkresultant = "OK"
2

b. Bearing capacity

( (
p all_LC.2 := if LC2 = "Unusual" , 1.15⋅ p all , if LC2 = "Extreme" , 1.50⋅ p all , pall ))
( )
max σ2 = 67.803⋅ kPa p all_LC.2 = 450⋅ kPa

( ( )
Checkbearing_2 := if p all_LC.2 > max σ2 , "OK" , "NOT OK" ) Checkbearing_2 = "OK"
d. Case 4

Case3 := 4 LC3 := "Extreme" loading condition

d.1.
Sliding
( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f ( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f
3
3 FSsy :=
FSsx := 3 Fcyi
3 Fcxi 1
1

( (
FSs_reqd := if LC3 = "Usual" , 1.5 , if LC3 = "Unusual" , 1.3 , 1.1
3
))
CheckFSsx := if  Fcx > 0 , if  FSsx > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
3 3 3  3  
CheckFSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , if  FSsy > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
3 3 3  3  
FSsx = 1.109 FSs_reqd = 1.1 FSsy = 1.774
3 3 3

CheckFSsx = "OK" CheckFSsy = "OK"

3 3

d.2. Bearing pressure at corners (thrust block)

 Mdx3 ⋅ ( y )j  Mdy3 ⋅ ( x )j
T T
Fcz
σ3 :=
3
+
  +
 
j Atb_f Ixb Iyb

T stresses at edges of footing

σ3 = ( 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 ) ⋅ kPa
percent of base in comp.

Checkresultant :=
3
Check1 ← (
αcomp ← if LC3 = "Usual" , 100% , 75% )
if  αxcomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , if  αycomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , "OK"  
 3 3  
( (
Check2 ← if η > Lby , "NOT OK" , if ξ > Lbx , "NOT OK" , "OK"
3 3 ))
(
if LC3 = "Extreme" , Check2 , Check1 )
Checkresultant = "OK"
3
b. Bearing capacity

( (
p all_LC.3 := if LC3 = "Unusual" , 1.15⋅ p all , if LC3 = "Extreme" , 1.50⋅ p all , pall ))
( )
max σ3 = 67.796⋅ kPa p all_LC.3 = 450⋅ kPa

( ( )
Checkbearing_3 := if p all_LC.3 > max σ3 , "OK" , "NOT OK" ) Checkbearing_3 = "OK"

e. Case 5

Case4 := 5 LC4 := "Unusual" loading condition

b.1. Sliding
( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f  ( )
tan ϕs ⋅ Fcz + cS⋅ Atb_f 
FSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , , "No Sliding Force" 
4
4
FSsx := 4  4 Fcy 
4 Fcx
4
 4 
 ( (
FSs_reqd := if LC4 = "Usual" , 1.5 , if LC4 = "Unusual" , 1.3 , 1.1
4
))
CheckFSsx := if  Fcx > 0 , if  FSsx > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
4 
4 4  4  
CheckFSsy := if  Fcy > 0 , if  FSsy > FSs_reqd , "OK" , "NOT OK"  , "No possibility of overturning" 
4 
4 4  4  

FSsx = 3.107 FSs_reqd = 1.3 FSsy = "No Sliding Force"

4 4 1

CheckFSsx = "OK" CheckFSsy = "No possibility of overturning"

1 1

b.2. Bearing pressure at corners (thrust block)

 Mdx4 ⋅ ( y )j  Mdy4 ⋅ ( x )j
T T
Fcz
σ4 :=
4
+
  +
 
j Atb_f Ixb Iyb
T stresses at edges of footing
σ4 = ( 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 ) ⋅ kPa
percent of base in comp.

Checkresultant :=
4
Check1 ← (
αcomp ← if LC4 = "Usual" , 100% , 75% )
if  αxcomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , if  αycomp < αcomp , "NOT OK" , "OK"  
 4 4  
( (
Check2 ← if η > Lby , "NOT OK" , if ξ > Lbx , "NOT OK" , "OK"
1 1 ))
(
if LC4 = "Extreme" , Check2 , Check1 )
Checkresultant = "OK"
1

b. Bearing capacity

( (
p all_LC.4 := if LC4 = "Unusual" , 1.15⋅ p all , if LC4 = "Extreme" , 1.50⋅ p all , pall ))
( )
max σ4 = 78.227⋅ kPa p all_LC.4 = 345⋅ kPa

( ( )
Checkbearing_4 := if p all_LC.4 > max σ4 , "OK" , "NOT OK" ) Checkbearing_1 = "OK"

Summary of factor of safety - Sliding

 4.904   1.5   "OK" 
 3.107   1.5   "OK" 
     
FSsx =  1.336  FSs_reqd =  1.1  CheckFSsx =  "OK" 
 1.109   1.1   "OK" 
     
 3.107   1.3   "OK" 

 10.051   1.5   "OK" 

 "No Sliding Force"   1.5   "No possibility of overturning" 
     
FSsy =  1.191  FSs_reqd =  1.1  CheckFSsy =  "OK" 
 1.774   1.1   "OK" 
     
 "No Sliding Force"   1.3   "No possibility of overturning" 
Summary (location of resultant and bearing capacity)
  "OK"  Checkbearing_0 = "OK"  3.354   7.617 
 "OK"   3.354   7.617 
Checkbearing_1 = "OK"    
  η =  3.354  m ξ =  7.617  m
Checkresultant =  "OK"  Checkbearing_2 = "OK"
 3.354   7.617 
 "OK" 
 
Checkbearing_3 = "OK"    
 "OK"   3.354   7.617 
Checkbearing_4 = "OK"

Summary of bearing pressure at corners of thrust block

T Case 1
σ0 = ( 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 72.63 ) ⋅ kPa
T Case 2
σ1 = ( 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 ) ⋅ kPa
T Case 3
σ2 = ( 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 67.803 ) ⋅ kPa
T Case 4
σ3 = ( 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 67.796 ) ⋅ kPa
T Case 5
σ4 = ( 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 78.227 ) ⋅ kPa

Summary of location of resultant force

4 4

2 2

y y
− 10 −5 0 5 10 − 10 −5 0 5 10
eyact eyact
0 −2 1 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

x , exact x , exact
0 1
Case 1: location of resultant force Case 2: location of resultant force

4 4

2 2
y y
− 10 −5 0 5 10 − 10 −5 0 5 10
eyact eyact
2 −2 2 −2

−4 −4

−6 −6

x , exact x , exact
2 2

Case 3: location of resultant force Case 4: location of resultant force

 4

2
y
− 10 −5 0 5 10
eyact
4 −2

−4

−6

x , exact
4
Case 5: location of resultant force
 40.054⋅ 3.63 = 145.396

om toe of respective
Ko := 0.5 Ka := 0.296

2
Po := 0.5⋅ γs⋅ Ko ⋅ h s ⋅ 12.12m = 263.974 ⋅ kN at rest earth pressure

2
Pa := 0.5⋅ γs⋅ Ka⋅ h s ⋅ 12.12m = 156.272 ⋅ kN active earth pressure

2
Pp := 0.5⋅ γs⋅ Kp ⋅ h s ⋅ 12.12m = 3524.048⋅ kN passive earth pressure
active earth pressure
i := 0 .. 4
 j := 0 .. 7

ses at edges of footing

 Fcz = −5389.684⋅ kN
0

2
Atb_f = 74.207 m

es at edges of footing
esses at edges of footing