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How To Use Particles in Japanese
How To Use Particles in Japanese
は Sounds as (わ) it comes after the topic in a sentence and it’s used to show contrast between
two items or ideas.
Ex. 魚を食べます。でも、肉を食べません。
To contrast this two sentences we will replace を with は and that give us.
魚は食べます。でも、肉は食べません。
が sounds as (NGA) is often refer as subject particle it can also mark the object for certain verb
adjectives. As subject particle it indicates existence. が is often used with あります and います
meaning to have or to exist.
Ex. あそこに、コンビニがあいます。
Ex.(ほしい)私は時間がほしいです。
Ex.(したいですか) 私はおちやがのみたいです。
を often refer to an object particle or an object marker because, it is usually comes after the
direct object of an action.
Ex. すしをたべます。
これをください。
を it could also be used to indicates the place of movement, in addition to be in used as object
marker- in this usage it is used with verbs to describes motion. Ex. To walk, to fly, to cross, to
turn, and so on.
へ sounds え often refer as the direction particle because, it usually indicates a direction or
goal.
Ex.メキシコへいきます。
これはくうこうへいきます。
When the hiragana characters is part of a word it pronounce へ but when it use as a particle it
pronounce え.
Ex. ともだちへでんわをかけました。
に often refer for the location particle or time particle because it’s mainly used to indicate a
location, time, time duration, movement or purpose.
Ex. Location particle in this に indicates existence. に often used with あります and います.
えきに けいさつさんがいます。
Along to the two main verb that express existence this particle is often used with certain verbs
such as すみます to live つとめます to work for.
テーブルの下にねこがいます。
右手にコンビニがあいます。
で often refer as the location particle or means particle because, it’s mainly used to marks
locations, means of doing something, is made from, or a reason for something.
Ex. と今日で。会いましょう。
がっこうで日本語をべんきょうしています。
スーパーマケットでぱんをかいます。
ほっかいどうでスキーをしました。
で it is equivalent to by, and with at English. It can also mark the material, something is made
from. It is also equivalent to with, from, or out of in english.
で can’t be used with the verbs that express existence like アリマス、います、住んでいます、and
努めています The location for that verb has to be mark by に。
の often refer to as modifying particle because, we use it between two nouns, to indicates the
first noun and to modifies the second noun. One of the main of using の is showing possession.
It’s like the possessive or the word of in English.
アリーシャのコンピュター
私のコンピュターです。
の this particle marks the category, origin, material or any attribute of the noun follows.
―ンバーガーとポテトとコーラをください。
と this particle also has a meaning of together or with it is used to show involvement that
action was than together with someone.
Ex. ジョンはようことえいがをみました。
明日、南さんとデートをします。
か often refer to as the question particle because, it usually comes at the end of a sentence in
terms into it question. unlike questions and sentences in English when a statement became a
question in Japanese the word order stays the same.
か this particle can also indicate alternatives marker. it comes after choices. we often omit the
last ka it corresponds to or in English.
も in this particle you can easily say “me too” or “so do I” this particle usually follows a noun
and means or also. It rephrases the particles は, が、and を。
も you can also used this particle to emphasize the amount or the extent of something. You can
translate it as “as many as” or “as much as”.
から this particle called a starting point particle because, it tells you when or where something
begins. It means “from”.
から this particles also indicates materials. Also in this case you ca translate it as “from”.
The difference between them is から is only use when the material doesn’t appear to be in it’s
original state.
But, when the product is a result of a complex process you can mark the material either with
で or から.
まで could also indicate the limit, extent, or in unexpected object. It means as far as, up to, or
even in English.