101 SHORT CUTS IN MATH ANYONE CAN DO By GORDON ROCKMAKER New YorkCoppi 198 ty Gorton Rekmater Libary of Cangas Catalog Card 80 5800 eng} Mca Led, Torn 2, Ono PREFACE 101 Short Cuts in Math Anyone Can Do will unlock the secrets of the art ofcaleslation. Twill inerease your power of computation and thereby enable you to get more bur of the mathematics you now Kaow. You will soon be imaged at your ability fo solve ooce complex prablems auiekly. ‘Mathematics is perhaps the most importart basic sci- ence today. Its & powerful ard indispensable tool In every phase of sclesce and engiseering, The world of besiness End finance could act survive without it. From law and medicine tothe fine art from atomic physics to shopping ithe supermarket, mathematics plays an essential role in our daily ives. ‘Many people sever get farther than grade-schoo! mathe- matics simply because they become bogged down inthe Glementary arithmetic operations. For them mathematics is something mysterious and boyond understanding. They read about electronic computers performing complicated {rithmetic operations at specds measured in microseconds, (@ microsecond is a mllfoath part ofa second) and wonder ‘why it is still important to know how to perform these Operations themselves. “The reason is obvicus, For most people in their offices, shops, classrooms, stores, OF homes, use of such electronic Dbetins is impractical or impossible, ‘The simple fact ix that engineers and scientists have yet to develop a com puter as compact and efficient as the human brain. ‘The short cute in this book cover the basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and Aivision. ‘They are used with whole numbers, decimals,PREFACE fractions, mlxed numbers, asd percentage. Ina word, they range across the whale field of ealeulation one 15, likely to-use. ‘in compiling the shortcuts to be incised inthis ok, ‘only authentic ones were chosen, AL authentic short cut fo one that will produce an answer quicely and easily with fut the necessity of going through the usual intermediate Steps, and itis usually very specific, By euttig through the time-consuming mechanical operations and going straight fo the heart of the answer, # tremendous amount ‘of needless work is avoided, ‘Al computations inthis book are performed trom leit tovright, This is the first time thle approsch has been Applied to short-cut methods, It permits you to write the Stswer to a problem immediately inthe sume sequence in ‘hich it read—from left to right. ‘Emphasis has been deliberately placed on general uses rather than on the specific uses of a particular short ext The practical value of a shortcut is tat it can be used ia 4Avwide variety of applications. By demonstrating only ne tr at best a few specific applications, tne danger exists that the reader will no venture beyead the ones described. 'No book ean contain every short cut in math, but this book daes include some of the mast useful modern methods devises, ‘Perhaps the most Lmportant function of this took is to Antzeduce you to the wide practical application of mathe- matical short euts. Using your own creative spirit and the curiosity to experiment, there is a0 mit tothe mum- ber of shart cuts you can devise for your own special needs. TABLE OF CONTENTS RerAce INTRODUCTION Chopter 1 SHORT CUTS IN ADDITION ‘Ailing Conssstive Numbers Starting 0m 1 Ft the Sue ofA Outer Starting from 2 Adding a Series of Rumbers With a Common Difereace ape 2 SHORT CUTS IN MULTIPLICATION THE DiGits 7. Multpiying by Nomters Being in Zeros Mating br 10, Maltipyin by 11. Malpying by 14. Multiplying by 48. Mutpiing by 8