10/23/2014

Respon Imun adaptif

Imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sel T

Respon imun humoral
Dinamika imunitas adaptif
Imun sistem mukosal

Sist immun innate

Patogen ↑↑

pathogen Sist imun adaptif

Sel T naive
Priming cell T
Sel T efektor

Memory cell

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The activation of naïve T cells is

controlled by a variety of
signals
• signal 1: co-stimulatory
APC molecules
MHC • Signal 2: ligands on T cells
• Signal 3: cytokines that
Sel T naive control differentiation into
different types of effector
cells

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APC : dendritic
cells

Immature dendritic cells

• Dendritic cells  process antigens from a wide array
pathogens

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Signal 2
Signal 1

Cytokine: i.e. IL-12

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APC: Macrophage
• Macrophage  do not present antigen mainly
to activate naïve T cells  rather to make use
of the effector functions of T cells
• Macrophage  phagocytosis , pinocytosis
• Activated macrophage  expressed MHCII
and B7
• Macrophage is more important for expanding
primary or secondary response already
initiated by dendritic cells

APC:B cells
• B cells  bind specific soluble molecules  receptor
mediated endocytosis

• Activated B-cells 
– Present antigen peptide antigen as : peptide: MHC II
complexes
– expressed B7
• Activated B-cells do not present antigen mainly to
activate naïve T cells  rather to make use of the
effector functions of T cells

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Priming naïve T cells by pathogen -

activated dendritic cells

• Signal 1  antigen-specific signals

derived :
– interaction of a specific peptide:MHC
complex with the T-cell receptor. 
activating naïve T cells

• signal 2 : ligation of co-receptor-CD4

or CD8-is  stimulate the T cell to
fully proliferate and differentiate into
effector T cells T cells survival

• Signal 3: cytokines  T cells

differentiation

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Signal 1
• Driven by IL-2 & IL2 receptor

Signal 2 : co-stimulatory pathway

CLTA-4 : inhibitory
receptor for B7
molecules

T-cell tolerance to
antigens – due to lack of
co-stimulation reaction

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Proliferating T cells differentiate into effector T cells

that do not require co-stimulation to act

Cell surface
molecules
alteration in
activated T-
cells

CD8-T cells activation

• Activation of naïve CD8 need more
co-stimulatory activity
• Two ways of CD8 T cells activation:
– Mature dendritic cells with high intrincsic
co-stimulatory activity  induce CD8 T
cells
– Need effecter CD4 effector T cells :
APC  activate CD4 T cells  CD8 T cells

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Effector CD4 T
cells

Signal 3
• Signal 3 determine cell
differentiation of effector
CD4 cells Signal 3: Cytokine

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The effector functions of T cells are determined by the

array of effector molecules that they produce

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T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Only infected cells are killed

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Macrophage activation by TH1 cells

• Activation of macrophages
by TH1 cells promotes
microbial killing and must
be tightly regulated to
avoid tissue damage

Toxic to
+ protease
pathogens +
host cells

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Granulomas form when an

intracellular pathogen or its
constituents cannot be totally
eliminated  TBC

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