CEJ: Series 3, Vol. 11, No. 1 Copyright 2014 FACTORS THAT FUEL SMALL GROUP GROWTH & Jim Bgli Vineyard Church of Central Iinois ‘Wei Wang University of Central Florida Abstract: In order 10 improve congregational growth, thousands of churches in the United Staves have implemented small group ministries over the last several decades, but almost no statistical re~ search has been done to determine what factors in small groups and churches foster group growth, This study involved surveying 1,140 small group leaders in 47 churches using factor analysis anid muatple regression analysis to determine the factors that drive small group growth. Four small group {factors showed a causal relationship to group growth: she prayer life of the group leader, an outreach focus, caring relationships between group members, andthe empowering of group members in lead- ership and ministry. On the church level, three factors—an atmosphere of intercession, the active coaching of group leaders, and the eguipping of merbers and leaders—promoted group growth by Jmproving the four small group factors. Key Words: small groups, small group leade iables factors small group training Introduction ‘The Research Need As recently as 1960 very few American churches had significant small group ministries, but in the past several decades many churches across the country have launched group ministries and rearranged their program and staffing to make these ministries a vital part of their church life, At the same time, there is a great deal of confusion about how to best structure and support small group ministries. A plethora of books have been written on small group ministries, but almost none of them have been based on careful, scientific research. Instead, they tend to be model-based books calling churches to emulate the small group structure, methods, and materi- als of different mega churches. This can be very confusing for the average pas- tor and small group leader because the various books’ models and principlesEGLI & WANG; Factors that Fuel Small Group Growth 135 often contradict one another, confidently declaring the superiority of their model while criticizing the inadequacy of others ‘The goal of this research has been to identify the principles and practices that create thriving small groups and small group ministries regardless of churches’ backgrounds, sizes, or the small group models that they have employed. ‘The need for practical research on small group growth is further accen- tuated by the fact that extensive church growth research has identified “holis- tic small groups” as the most pivotal factor both in churches’ qualitative health and their quantitative growth (Schwarz, 1996, p. 33). If small groups are central to our congregations’ vitality and growth, itis pivotal that we bet- ter understand the factors within the groups and within our churches that fuel healthy group growth. Initial Research, In 1997, I (Jim Egli) began research to identify the factors within small groups and their churches that contribute to small group growth. At the time T was a Ph.D, student at Regent University and the training director for ‘TOUCH Outreach Ministries, a parachurch organization based in Houston, ‘TX, focused on offering small group resources and training to churches in the United States and other countries. At about the same time Dwight Marable, the director of Missions International, a church consulting and training min- istry based in Nashville, TN, had begun doing very similar research. Both of us were creating and testing different survey tools, which we were giving to hundreds of small group leaders. I was primarily surveying leaders in the United States, and Marable was surveying leaders in a variety of countries in Europe, Asia, and South America, When we learned in 1999 that we were do- ing very similar research with identical goals, we decided to collaborate on our work. Following trends in organizational communication theory that empha- size the impact of organizational culture upon its component parts (Schein, 1994) and systems theory that recognizes how organizational inputs can af- fect small group process and outputs (Ellis & Fisher, 1994; Farace, Monge, & Russell, 1977), we wanted to look not only at the factors within small groups themselves but also at the factors in their churches to see what dynamics and practices within churches create a culture for small group growth. Creating a joint tool and taking it through several more iterations of test- ing and statistical analysis, our first substantial findings came about in 2002. ‘That survey involved 253 small group leaders from 32 churches primarily in the United States. Its results were reported in my Ph.D. dissertation, Successful Cell Groups: Critical Factors in Small Group Growth (Regent University, 2002).136 Christian Education Journal For the first time, we got factors with good Cronbach alpha reliability coeffi- cients that enabled us to look at the internal dynamics of small groups and churches in a penetrating way, assessing their impact on small group growth using multiple regression analysis that enabled us to go beyond simple corre lations to discern the factors that were most likely causal in relationship to the small group growth dependent variables, At the same time, some theorized factors did not have enough items so as to create valid factors, so more re- search and testing was necessary. In the following 4 years, we surveyed over 2,000 more small group lead- ers in 21 countries, creating a strong survey tool and substantial practical findings that were reported in our book Small Groups, Big Impact; Connecting People to God and One Another in Thriving Groups, written in 2006 but not published until 2011 In 2008, the GroupLife ministry of the Willow Creek Association (WCA) of churches joined in the project and provided valuable input and funding to improve the assessment and the online software that we were running it on. WCA, however, had to pull out of the project at the end of 2009 after the eco- nomic downturn occurred and they eliminated their GroupLife staff. WCA involvement in 2008 and 2009 gave a huge boost to the project, however, en- abling us to test new revisions to the assessment with a new group of Ameri- can churches. I was joined in this latest round of research by the co-author of this article Dr. Wei Wang whose expertise in statistics and psychometric mea- surement were invaluable in analyzing and evaluating the results of this round of data. Method Participants ‘The sample consisted of 1,140 small group leaders from 47 different churches. The churches represented a wide diversity of denominations and backgrounds from different parts of the United States. A variety of small group models were represented, Participants were obtained through the ad- vertising of three resource organizations: the GroupLife ministry of the Wil- low Creek Association of churches, Churchteams, which is a church database software company, and ChurchSmart Resources, a publication and training ministry, The small group leaders took the survey online between November 6, 2008, and April 24, 2013. Leaders could not take the survey unless their church had signed up for it. Some churches took a free version of the survey during the interface-testing phase and others paid to take the assessment.