3) 2013 SECTION Vit DIVISION 1 (Vessels that are to operate completely filled with lic uid shall be equipped with pressure relief devices de- signed for liquid service, unless otherwise protected against overpressure. (@) The pressure relief devices required in (a) above need not be installed directly on a pressure vessel when elther of the following conditions apply: (1) the source of pressure is external to the vessel and is under such positive control that the pressure in the ves- sel cannot exceed the maximum allowable working pres- ‘sure at the operating temperature except as permitted in (©) above (see UG-98), or under the conditions set Forth In Nonmandatory Appendix M. 2) there are no intervening stop valves between the vessel and the pressure relief device or devices except as permitted under UG-135(4). [NOTE: Pressure reducing valves and sinilar mechanical o electrical contro instruments, except fr pllot operated pressure rele valves fas permitted in UG-126(0), are not considered 3 scent postive ‘in action to prevent exces pressures from being develope (h) Pressure relief valves for steam service shall meet the requirements of UG-131(b), UG-126 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES‘? (a) Safety, safety relief, and relief valves shall be of the direct spring loaded type. (2) Pilot operated pressure relief valves may be used, provided that the pilot is sel-actuated and the main valve will open automatically at not over the set pressure and ‘will discharge its full rated capacity if some essential part of the pilot should fal. (c) The set pressure of a pressure relief device shall not be adjusted outside the range of set pressure specified by the device Manufacturer. The initial adjustment shall be performed by the Manufacturer, his authorized represen- tative, or an Assembler, and a valve data tag shall be pro- vided that identifies the set pressure capacity and date. ‘The valve shall be sealed with a seal identifying the Man- ufacturer, his authorized representative, or the Assembler performing the adjustment. (a) The set pressure tolerances, plus or minus, of pres- sure relief valves shall not exceed 2 psi (15 kPa) for pres sures up to and Including 70 psi (500 kPa) and 3% for pressures above 70 psi (500 kPa). UG-127 NONRECLOSING PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES (a) Rupture Disk Devices** (2) General, Every rupture disk shall have a marked burst pressure established by rules of UG-137(d)(3) with- in a manufacturing design range*” at a specified disk temperature™” and shall be marked with a lot™ number. The burst pressure tolerance at the specified disk tem- perature shall not exceed #2 psi (£15 kPa) for marked 89 G25 - uG-127 burst pressure up to and including 40 psi (300 kPa) and £5% for marked burst pressure above 40 psi (300 kPa). (2) Relieving Capacity. Rupture disk devices certified using the flow resistance method shall use (-a), and rup- ture disk devices certified using the coefficient of di ‘charge method shall use (-b) below (a) The rated flow capacity of a pressure relief system that uses a rupture disk device as the sole relieving, device shall be determined by a value calculated under the requirements of (1) or (-2) below. (-1) When the rupture disk device discharges rectly to the atmosphere and (+a) is installed within eight pipe diameters from the vessel nozzle entry; and (+h) with a length of discharge pipe not great- cr than five pipe diameters from the rupture disk device; and (#<) the nominal diameters of the inlet and discharge piping are equal to or greater than the stamped NPS (DN) designator ofthe devce, te calculated relieving capacity of a pressure relief system shall not exceed a va- lue based on the applicable theoretical flow equation [see UG-131(¢)(2) and Mandatory Appendix 11] for the var- ious media multiplied by a coefficient of discharge K equal 00.62. The area A inthe theoretical flow equation shall be the minimum net flow area as specified by the rupture disk device Manufacturer. (2) The caleulated capacity of any pressure re- lief system may be determined by analyzing the total sys- tem resistance to flow. This analysis shall take into consideration the flow resistance of the rupture disk de- ‘vee, piping and piping components including the exit noz~ ale on the vessels, elbows, tes, reducers, and valves. The calculation shall be made using accepted engineering practices for determining fluid flow through piping sys- tems. This calculated relieving capacity shall be multiplied by a factor of 0:90 or less to allow for uncertainties inher- ent with this method, The certified flow resistance” Ke for the rupture disk device, expressed as the velocity head loss, shall be determined in accordance with UG-131(K) through UG-131(0) (Cb) The relieving capacity ofthe pressure relief system that uses a rupture disk device as the soe relieving device shall be determined by taking into consideration the certified capacity marked on the device and the char- acteristics ofthe system fluid and system components up- stream and downstream of the rupture disk device. The certified coefficient of discharge Kp for the rupture disk device shall be determined in accordance with UG-131(b) through UG-1310). (3) Application of Rupture Disks (a) A rupture disk device may be used as the sole pressure relieving device on a vesselG27 [NOTE: When rupture disk devices are used, its recommended that the design pressure ofthe vessel be sfcinty above the intended operating pressure to provide sufficient margin between operating pressure and rupture disk bursting pressure to prevent premature Faure ofthe rupture disk de to fatigue ar ereep. Application of rupture disk devices to liquid service should be care fully evaluate to assure thatthe design of the rupture disk device and the dynamic energy ofthe system on which itis nsaled wal re sult insufficient opening of the rupture disk, (5) A rupture disk device may be installed be- tween a pressure relief valve™ and the vessel provided: (1) the combination of the pressure relief valve and the rupture disk device is ample in capacity to meet the requirements of UG-125(c); 2) the marked capacity of a pressure relief valve (nozzle type) when installed with a rupture disk de- vice between the inlet of the valve and the vessel shall be ‘multiplied by a factor of 0.90 of the rated relieving capa- city of the valve alone, or alternatively, the capacity of such combination shall be established in accordance with (-3) below; 3) the capacity of the combination of the rup- ture disk device and the pressure relief valve may be es- tablished in accordance with the appropriate paragraphs of UG-132; 2013 SECTION vi (A) the space between a rupture disk deviceand a pressure relief valve shall be provided with a pressure gage, a try cock, free vent, or suitable telltale indicator. ‘This arrangement permits detection of disk rupture or leakage. 73) te opening provided through the rapture disk after bursts sufficient to permit a flow equal tothe capacity ofthe vale [(-2) and (-3) above], and there is no chance of interference with proper functioning of the vale; but in no case shal his area be less than the area ofthe inlet ofthe valve unless the capacity and functioning of the specific combination of rupture disk device and pressure relief valve have been established by test in ac- cordance with UG-132 (Ce) A rupture disk device may be installed on the ‘outlet side of a pressure relief valve which is opened by direct ation of the pressure in the vessel provided (1) the pressure relief valve will not fil to open| at its proper pressure setting regardless of any back pres- sure that can accumulate between the pressure relief| valve disk and the rupture disk. The space between the pressure relief valve disk and the rupture disk shall be vented or drained to prevent accumulation of pressure, or suitable means shall be provided to ensure that an ac- cumulation of pressure does not affect the proper opera tion of the pressure relief valve.®> (2) the pressure relief valve Is ample In capacity to meet the requirements of UG-125(c); (3) the marked burst pressure of the rupture disk at the specified disk temperature plus any pressure in the outlet piping shall not exceed the design pressure of the outlet portion of the pressure relief valve and any pipe or fitting between the valve and the rupture disk 90 DIVISION 1 device. However, in no case shall the marked burst pres- sure of the rupture disk at the specified disk temperature plus any pressure in the outlet piping exceed the maxi- ‘mum allowable working pressure of the vessel or the set pressure of the pressure relief valve. (4) the opening provided through the rupture disk device after breakage Is suficient to permit a flow equal to the rated capacity of the attached pressure relief valve without exceeding the allowable overpressure; (5) any piping beyond the rupture disk cannot be obstructed by the rupture disk or fragment; €6) the system is designed to consider the ad- verse effects of any leakage through the pressure relief valve or through the outlet side rupture disk device, to en- sure system performance and reliability.®° (7) the bonnet of a balancing bellows or di phragm type pressure relief valve shall be vented to pre- vent accumulation of pressure in the bonnet. (8) Pin Device” (2) General. Every pin device shall have a marked set pressure established by the rules of UG-138(d)(4) and UG-138(d)(5) at a specified pin temperature. The set pressure tolerance shall not exceed #2 psi (#15 kPa) for marked set pressures up to and including 40 psi (300 kPa) and #5% for marked set pressures above 40 psi (300 kPa). (2) Relieving Capacity. Pin devices certified using the flow resistance method shall use (-a) and pin devices cer- tified using the coefficient of discharge method shall use (Cb) below. (a) The rated flow capacity of a pressure relief system that uses a pin device as the sole relieving device shall be determined by a value calculated under the re- quirements of (-1) or (-2) below. (-1) When the pin device discharges directly to atmosphere and (+a) is installed within eight pipe diameters from the vessel nozzle entry. (+) with a length of discharge pipe not great- cr than five pipe diameters from the pin device (+c) the nominal diameters of the inlet and discharge piping are equal to or greater than the stamped [NPS (DN) designator of the device, the calculated relieving capacity of a pressure relief system shall not exceed a va- Ine based on the applicable theoretical low equation [see UG-131(e)(2) and Mandatory Appendix 11] for the var- Tous media multiplied by a coefficient of discharge K equal 00.62, The area A in the theoretical low equation shall be the minimum net flow area™ as specified by the pin device Manufacturer. (2) The calculated capacity of any pressure re- lief system may be determined by analyzing the total sys- tem resistance to flow. This analysis shall take into consideration the flow resistance of the pin device, piping and piping components including the exit nozale on the vvessels.elbows, tees, reducers, and valves. The calculation shall be made using accepted engineering practices for