Standard

Engineering Standards 1603

Page

1 of 9
TRANSREDES GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Issue Date

FOR ANALOG STUDIES 4/98

Rev. No.
Date
4/98

1. SCOPE

This standard provides criteria for when analog pulsation studies are to be performed on reciprocating compressors
which are to be installed in the Company's pipeline system. Compressor pulsation bottle and piping design
requirements and guidelines for pulsation control are provided. General procedures and information requirements
for conducting pulsation studies are outlined. Also see Engineering Standard 1604 for detailed project design
information requirements for analog studies.

2. PULSATION CONTROL

2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the Company will determine the pulsation effects on compressor cylinders and
associated gas piping using a compressor system analog simulation implemented on an analog or digital
computer and require or recommend piping or pulsation bottle designs as appropriate in order to control
pulsation.

2.2 An analog pulsation study will normally be performed for reciprocating compressor units larger than 350
HP during the project design phase and prior to compressor unit fabrication. For units 350 HP and less,
the Project Engineer should consult the Company Analog Engineer regarding the need for a system
pulsation study. Analog pulsation studies will normally not be conducted for rental units unless
circumstances peculiar to the project indicate probable pulsation problems and an unacceptable level of
financial risk should such problems occur.

2.3 Pulsation volume bottles and orifice spacer rings may not be required in all cases for units less than 350
HP. However, the diameter of the piping connected to a compressor cylinder should be at least equal to
the diameter of the connecting cylinder flange. The station and unit piping should also be sized to meet
the pressure drop requirements of Engineering Standard 1620.

2.4 For large block mounted engine/compressor units, pulsation volume bottle sizes will be determined by the
Company Analog Engineer. The compressor and gas cooler manufacturer will provide the applicable
vendor data in Section 3.3 in accordance with the established schedule. Quotes will be solicited from
qualified vessel fabricators by the Company for fabrication of the pulsation volume bottles in accordance
with Engineering Standard 3120

* 2.5 For skid-mounted units, the engine/compressor packager shall quote pulsation volume bottles and orifice
spacer rings sized and fabricated in accordance with Section 3 of this standard.

2.5.1 If the analog simulation shows that a coincidence of acoustical and mechanical natural
frequencies exist in the piping system as proposed by the selected vendor, changes to the
piping system will be made by the Company.

2.5.2 Those changes will be considered modifications and will be negotiated with the successful
vendor. Modifications may include one or more of the following:

a. Addition of surge volume for compressor cylinders,

b. Addition of acoustic filtering,
c. Variations of piping diameters and/or lengths,
d. Baffles and choke tubes within surge volumes,
e. Orifice plates.

3. VENDOR REQUIREMENTS (SKID-MOUNTED UNITS)

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.

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Engineering Standards 1603
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TRANSREDES GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Issue Date

FOR ANALOG STUDIES 4/98

Rev. No.
Date
4/98

For skid-mounted compressor units (Engineering Standard 1620), fabrication of gas piping, pulsation volume
bottles and orifice spacers will normally be required as part of the compressor package. The packager shall quote
pulsation volume bottles and orifice ring spacers based on the following requirements:

3.1 Pulsation Volume Bottles

3.1.1 General

a. The vendor shall mount the suction bottle above the compressor cylinder and the
discharge bottle below the compressor cylinder. An arrangement having the bottle inlet
and/or outlet nozzles in the horizontal plane is not permitted.

b. The maximum pressure drop of any suction or discharge bottle shall not exceed 0.5% of
the absolute line pressure at the design point at maximum flow rate and shall not exceed
5 psi total for all bottles per stage.

c. All pulsation volume bottle nozzles for connecting to the compressor cylinders shall be
held as short as possible and shall have the same inside diameter as the cylinder flange
opening. Thermal expansion shall be considered in the design.

d. Individual pulsation bottles shall be used when two compressor cylinders are used in a
single stage compression service and the cylinders are located on opposite sides of the
compressor. The cylinder nozzles should be connected in the center of the bottle.
Flanges shall be provided on the lead line side of the bottles.

e. Common pulsation bottles shall be used when compressor cylinders are used in a single
stage operation on the same side of the compressor. The suction and discharge volume
bottles shall have no internals. Flanges shall be provided on the lead line side of the
bottles.

3.1.2 Pulsation Volume Bottle Sizing

a. For stages of compression having only one cylinder, the following calculations shall be
made for the suction pulsation bottles.

1. The volume of the suction bottle (V s) should be approximately twelve (12) times
the head-end swept volume.

Vs = (12) x (Head End Swept Volume)

2. The approximate inside diameter of the suction bottle (D s) is determined by the

following calculation and then taking the closest applicable pipe size.

Ds = [(6) x (Bore)2 x (Stroke)]1/3

3. The approximate length (L) of the suction bottle equals two times the diameter,
i.e., L = 2Ds. Actual length will be determined by layout considerations.

* b. For stages of compression having only one cylinder, the following calculations shall be
made for the discharge pulsation bottles.

1. The volume of the discharge bottle (V d) should be approximately eight (8) times
the head end swept volume.
* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.
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TRANSREDES GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Issue Date

FOR ANALOG STUDIES 4/98

Rev. No.
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Vd = (8) x (Head End Swept Volume)

2. The approximate inside diameter of the discharge bottle (D d) is determined by the

following calculation and then taking the closest applicable pipe size.

Dd = [(4) x (Bore)2 x (Stroke)]1/3

3. The approximate length (L) of the discharge bottle equals two times the diameter,
i.e., L = 2Dd. Actual length will be determined by layout considerations.

c. For stages of compression having more than one cylinder, the diameter of the volume
bottles is to be calculated in the same manner as for single cylinder stages. Volume
bottle length will be the centerline-to-centerline dimension of the outermost compressor
cylinders plus two feet (one foot from the centerline on each end), or as required by
layout considerations. Suction and discharge bottle volumes are to be calculated as
follows:

Vs = (12) x (head end swept volume) x (no. of cylinders)

Vd = (8) x (head end swept volume) x (no. of cylinders)

3.1.3 Pulsation Volume Bottle Fabrication

Fabrication of bottles shall be in accordance with Engineering Standard 3120 which covers
requirements for design, materials, inspection, testing, welding, stress relieving, identification,
documentation and preparation for shipment.

3.2 Spacer Rings

3.2.1 No orifice plates shall be installed in the gas piping system unless size and location have been
determined by an analog study.

3.2.2 In order to provide room for the future installation of orifice plates, full-bore space rings shall
be installed at the inlet and outlet of each pulsation volume bottle. The spacer rings shall be
1/8" thick carbon steel. Spacer rings are not required for units under 350 HP.

3.3 Vendor Data

The Vendor shall furnish four complete sets of the following information to the Project Engineer in
accordance with the established delivery schedule.

3.3.1 Dimensional Drawings: Piping, scrubbers, pulsation volume bottles, coolers and pipe clamp
locations (as required in Engineering Standard 1620, Section IV).

3.3.2 Compressor Cylinder Phase Relationship: See Engineering Standard 1604.

3.3.3 Cylinder Gas Passages: See Engineering Standard 1604.

3.3.4 Gas Cooler Data: See Engineering Standard 1604.

3.3.5 Compressor Data Sheet: As required in Engineering Standard 1620, Section II. See
Engineering Standard 1604.
* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.
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FOR ANALOG STUDIES 4/98

Rev. No.
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4. ANALOG DATA REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

A complete set of information as outlined in this section is required before an analog study can be started.
See Engineering 1604 for an "Analog Data Check List" and data sheets which detail the information
requirements. For Company projects, it should be a cooperative effort by the Project Engineer and Analog
Engineer to assure that the necessary information is obtained. Unless agreed otherwise, the Project
Engineer should have primary responsibility for ensuring that the following information is furnished to
the Analog Engineer in accordance with schedule requirements:

4.1.1 Vendor equipment data,

4.1.2 "Dot-to-dot" drawings as described in Section 4.2,
4.1.3 Other required project design information as described in Analog pre-setup work sheets in
Engineering Standard 1604.

4.2 Analog One-Line "Dot-to-Dot" Drawings

4.2.1 A "one-line" drawing will be developed showing all gas piping, including coolers, pulsation
bottles, scrubbers and suction and discharge headers.

4.2.2 Inside diameters shall be indicated in decimal inches for all gas piping, bottles, scrubbers, etc.
The line size of the suction and discharge gas piping and all gas process piping, shall be
designed for a maximum pressure drop of 1/4 psi per 100 feet at design conditions, unless
otherwise determined by means of analog analysis.

4.2.3 To indicate equivalent pipe length or "analog length" on a "one-line" drawing, a "dot" is used
to mark the beginning and the end of each section of pipe. Piping centerline dimensions do
not indicate acoustic lengths for analog studies. "Dots" and "dot-to-dot" dimensions in feet
and inches shall be included on the "one-line" drawing in accordance with the following:

a. For a reducer, the "dot" is placed in the center to indicate that one-half of the reducer is
included in the analog length of the section of pipe on either side of the reducer.

b. Scrubber nozzle flanges and cooler flanges shall be shown on the drawing and shall be
included in the analog length. The "dot" is placed at the scrubber shell or cooler header.

c. "Dots" are placed at the center of valves, the centerline intersection of the header and
branch for tees and at the point of connection to the shell of vessels.

d. Equivalent analog lengths for various bottle and pipe cap sizes is provided in Table I. A
"dot" shown in the bottle cap indicates that the correct number of inches has been added
for analog length.

e. In order to approach a true acoustic representation of gas piping, it is necessary that all
90° elbows be shown as straight pipe. Table II shows the number of inches to be
subtracted from the length of a section pipe for each 90° elbow in the pipe section for
different nominal pipe sizes plus a formula for calculating same. A 45° elbow shall be
considered as a straight length piece of pipe.

4.2.4 Sample "dot-to-dot" drawings are shown at the end of this standard.

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.

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Rev. No.
Date
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TABLE I: EQUIVALENT ANALOG LENGTHS (L) FOR BOTTLE AND PIPE CAP LENGTHS

L is equivalent analog length and is measured from seam of head and includes any straight flange. Tolerance = 1
inch.

> L <
2:1 ELLIPTICAL HEADS WELD CAPS
Inside Diameter (in.) straight Flange (in.) Dimension L (in.) Inside Diameter (in.) Dimension L (in.)
6-8 1-1/2 3 2-3 1
8 - 10 2 3 3-6 2
10 - 15 2 4 6 - 10 3
15 - 21 2 5 10 - 11 4
21 - 27 2 6 11 - 17 5
27 - 33 2 7 17 - 20 6
33 - 39 2 8 20 - 23 7
39 - 45 2 9 23 - 29 8
45 - 50 2 10 29 - 36 9
50 - 54 2 11

TABLE II: ADJUSTMENT VALUES FOR 90° ELLS

Pipe Size 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
L (inches) 0.64 0.96 1.29 1.60 1.94 2.57 3.20 3.90 5.20 6.40 7.70
Pipe Size 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 30 36 42
L (inches) 9.00 10.3 11.6 12.9 14.2 15.4 16.7 19.0 23.0 27.0

L = (2)(R) - (3.14)(R), where: L = Inches to be subtracted from pipe section length for each 90° Ell,
2
R = Bend radius of 90° Ell.

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.

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Rev. No.
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SAMPLE DISCHARGE PIPING DOT-TO-DOT DIAGRAM FOR ANALOG STUDY

NOTES: 1. All piping sizes in I.D.

2. The dead end of all headers should be as short as possible.

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.

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SAMPLE SUCTION PIPIN;G DOT-TO-DOT DIAGRAM FOR ANALOG STUDY

NOTES: 1. All piping sizes in I.D.

2. The dead eand of all headers should be as short as possible.

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.

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Rev. No.
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SAMPLE INTERSTAGE PIPING DOT-TO-DOT DIAGRAM FOR ANALOG STUDY

NOTE: 1. All piping sizes in I.D.

* Indicates revised paragraph, this Rev. No.