Versão online: http://www.lneg.
pt/iedt/unidades/16/paginas/26/30/209 Comunicações Geológicas (2016) 103, Especial I, 159-168
Trace fossils from the Barrancos and Colorada formations,
Ordovician, Ossa-Morena Zone, Portugal and Spain
Icnofósseis das Formações de Barrancos e de Colorada,
Ordovícico, Zona de Ossa-Morena, Portugal e Espanha
S. Jensen1*, C. Neto de Carvalho2, T. Palacios1
© LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP
Abstract: The record of Ordovician trace fossils in the Portuguese-Spanish
border region of Barrancos-to-Oliva de la Frontera, Ossa-Morena Zone, is
briefly reviewed. Here the Lower-Middle Ordovician Barrancos Formation
and the Upper Ordovician Colorada Formation provide contrasting
sedimentary facies and trace fossil associations. The upper part of the
Barrancos Formation (also known as the Xistos com Phyllodocites
Formation) is a finely laminated, mudrock-dominated, unit with trace fossils
that include Dictyodora, Nereites, “scribbling” traces, delicate Oldhamia-
like traces, and shallow arthropod-type traces. Although it has figured in the
literature as an example of a moderately diverse lower Palaeozoic deep-
marine trace fossil assemblage, deposition probably took place on a (distal?)
shelf rather than a true deep-water setting. By contrast, the Colorada
Formation is a sandstone-dominated, often heavily bioturbated, near-shore
unit, with Skolithos, stellate trace fossils (?Stellascolites), Cruziana and
unusual Rusophycus.
Keywords: trace fossils, Ordovician, Ossa-Morena Zone, Spain, Portugal
Resumo: O registo de icnofósseis ordovícicos na região transfronteiriça de
Barrancos a Oliva de la Frontera, Zona de Ossa-Morena, é aqui
resumidamente revisto. Nesta zona, a Formação de Barrancos, datada do
Ordovícico Inferior a Médio, e a Formação de Colorada, de idade Ordovícico
Superior, mostram fácies sedimentares e associações de icnofósseis
contrastantes. A parte superior da Formação de Barrancos (também
conhecida como Formação dos Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation) é uma
sequência predominantemente pelítica, finamente laminada, com icnofósseis
que incluem Dictyodora, Nereites, formas “escrevinhadas”, delicadas
escavações do tipo Oldhamia, e estruturas superficiais tipicamente
associadas a artrópodes. Embora tenha vindo a ser apresentada na literatura
como exemplo de um registo icnológico moderadamente diverso em
ambientes marinhos profundos do Paleozóico inferior, a deposição terá mais
provavelmente acontecido em ambientes de plataforma (distal?), em vez de
representar uma verdadeira sucessão de águas profundas. Em contraste, a
Formação de Colorada é dominada por uma sequência arenítica, por vezes
fortemente bioturbada, com origem costeira, onde se destacam os icnofósseis
Skolithos, formas “estreladas” (?Stellascolites), Cruziana e possíveis novas
formas de Rusophycus.
Palavras-chave: icnofósseis, Ordovícico, Zona de Ossa-Morena, Espanha,
Portugal
1
Área de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, ES-
06006 Badajoz, Spain.
2
Geopark Naturtejo da Meseta Meridional – UNESCO Global Geopark . Geology
Office, Municipality of Idanha-a-Nova – Raiano Cultural Centre. Av. Joaquim
Morão, 6060-101 Idanha-a-Nova (Portugal)
*Corresponding author/Autor correspondente: soren@unex.es
ISSN: 0873-948X; e-ISSN: 1647-581X
Artigo original
Original Article
1. Introduction
The Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) contains sedimentary rocks that range
in age from the Ediacaran to the Carboniferous, bearing evidence of
the Cadomian and Variscan orogenies. Trace fossils are found in all
Palaeozoic units but have only been described in detail from the lower
Cambrian and Pedroche formations (e.g., Líñán, 1984; Fedonkin et
al., 1985; Gámez Vintaned et al. 2006), and the Ordovician Barrancos
Formation. Remarkable trace fossils occur in the upper part of the
Barrancos Formation (also separated as the Xistos com Phyllodocites
Formation, after Piçarra, 2000). The main source of published
information stem from a single locality, the Mestre André Quarry,
near Barrancos, Portugal, described by Joaquim Filipe Nery da
Encarnação Delgado in a posthumously published (1910) study. Its
importance in the context of OMZ geology is based on the presence
of rare graptolites that enabled the first dates for the top of the
Barrancos Formation (Delgado, 1908; Perdigão, 1967; Piçarra et al.,
2011), but remarkably by the diversity of trace fossils, in particular
those typical of the “biological flysch” as defined by Seilacher (1967)
and considered for a long time, by several authors, as indicating “deep
sea” (Seilacher, 1955, 1974; Orr, 1996; Uchman, 2004; Burke et al.,
2005). Here we briefly review the stratigraphy and record of trace
fossils from the upper part of the Barrancos Formation and the
overlying Colorada Formation.
2. Geological setting
The OMZ is subdivided into a number of thrust or fault-bounded
structural units of Variscan origin (e.g., Chacón et al., 1983; San José
et al., 2004). The succession in the eastern part of the Barrancos to
Oliva de la Frontera area (Fig. 1) is dominated by the about 1000 m
thick late early Cambrian Cumbres Formation, comprised of
decimetre to metre-thick sandstone beds with fine-grained partings.
No body fossils are known; trace fossils include poorly preserved
vertically oriented U-shaped burrows, probably Diplocraterion. The
Cumbres Formation is overlain by an up to 400 m thick succession
of basalts, often developed as pillow-lavas, volcanic breccia and
volcanoclastics, locally known as the Umbria-Pipeta Formation.
Similar rocks are widely distributed in the OMZ and have been
interpreted to relate to the initiation of an aborted rift (e.g., Liñan et
al., 1996). Acritarchs from inter-bedded siliciclastics place this unit
in Cambrian Series 3 (Mette, 1989). The Fatuquedo Formation, up to
1400 metres thick, is dominated by finely laminated sandstone and
siltstone (Oliveira et al., 1991). The Ossa Formation is a likely lateral
equivalent in the western part of the here discussed area (Carvalhosa
160 S. Jensen et al. / Comunicações Geológicas (2016) 103, Especial I, 159-168

Fig. 1. A – Location of the study area, indicated by star, in the southern part of the Ossa Morena Zone. B – Simplified geological map of the Barrancos-to-Oliva de la Frontera area
(modified from Rodríguez-Fernández and Oliveira, 2014). Squares indicate areas shown in more detail in C and D. C – Geology in the area of Barrancos (modified from Perdigão
et al. 1982, and Quesada Ochoa and Cueto Pascual, 1994). Square “1”, shows location of Mestre André Quarry, an ichnosite in the upper part of the Barrancos Formation (Xistos
com Phyllodocites Formation), described by Nery Delgado (1910). In the same area, Rusophycus occurs in the basal part of the Colorada Formation (this paper). Square “a”
indicates location of outcrop of the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation along road H-9003, with trace fossils figured by Tarhan et al. (2014). Square “b” shows location of trace
fossils in the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation described by Gonzalo y Tarín (1887). D – Geology in the area east of Valencia del Mombuey (Modified from Jorquera de
Guindos et al., 1990). Black line indicates location of outcrop of Colorada Formation with trace fossils including ?Stellascolites isp.
Fig. 1. A – Localização da área em estudo, identificada pelo asterisco, na parte meridional da Zona de Ossa Morena. B – Mapa geológico simplificado da área de Barrancos-Oliva
de la Frontera (modificado de Rodríguez-Fernández & Oliveira, 2014). Os quadrados indicam áreas mostradas com maior detalhe em C e D. C – Geologia da zona de Barrancos.
O quadrado “1”, marca a localização da pedreira do Mestre André, um sítio icnológico incluído na parte superior da Formação de Barrancos (Xistos com Phyllodocites), descrito
por Nery Delgado (1910). Na mesma zona ocorre camada com Rusophycus na base da Formação de Colorada (este artigo). O quadrado “a” indica a localização do corte nos Xistos
com Phyllodocites ao longo da estrada H-9003, com os icnofósseis figurados em Tarhan et al. (2014). O quadrado “b” mostra a localização dos icnofósseis nos Xistos com
Phyllodocites descritos por Gonzalo y Tarín (1887). D – Geologia na área a leste de Valencia del Mombuey. A linha preta indica a localização do afloramento da Formação de
Colorada com icnofósseis, incluindo ?Stellascolites isp.

et al., 1987). The Fatuquedo Formation lacks age-diagnostic fossils;
the lower part likely is Cambrian Series 3, with the upper part possibly
Furongian (Palacios et al., 2013). Trace fossils referred by Perdigão
et al. (1982) include poorly preserved Chondrites, Skolithos and
Arenicolites, among others, and the unit also contains Teichichnus.
The contact to the overlying Barrancos Formation is in places
developed as coarse sandstone or conglomerate, and has generally
been interpreted to show a hiatus of poorly constrained duration
(Quesada Ochoa and Cueto Pascual, 1994).
The main part of the Barrancos Formation is dominated by dark
shale, siltstone and fine sandstone beds (Delgado, 1908; Perdigão
et al., 1982; Piçarra, 2000). The fine-grained sediment often is dark
grey, black or purple. Paired, vertical, sand-filled burrows from a
mudrock interval close to the base of the formation, probably are
firmground Diplocraterion. The only biostratigraphic age constraint
on the lower part of the Barrancos Formation come from organic-
walled microfossils, including Caldariola glabra, an acritarch
indicative of the late Tremadocian – early Floian messaoudensis–
Trace fossils from the Barrancos and Colorada formations 161

trifidum assemblage (Palacios and Jensen, 2013). The trace fossil-

rich upper part of the Barrancos Formation, with comparatively
more frequent sandstone beds and green or grey sediment colour,
has in some publications been separated in the studied area as the
Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation (or Phyllodocites Shale
Formation; Delgado, 1908; Robardet et al., 1998; Piçarra et al.,
2011). The Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation has yielded late
Early to Middle Ordovician graptolites (Perdigão, 1967; recent
review in Piçarra et al., 2011) and acritarchs (Cunha and Vanguestaine,
1988; Borges et al., 2008; Palacios and Jensen, 2013). The Xistos
com Phyllodocites Formation is abruptly overlain by quartz-arenites
of the basal part of the Colorada Formation, a unit varying locally
from a few tens of metres to several hundred metres thickness. In
the here discussed area this formation consists of lower and upper
quartz-arenites, with the main part of the formation consisting of
heavily bioturbated micaceous fine sandstone. The only
biostratigraphic age constraint within the formation comes from the
acritarch Villosacapsula setosapellicula from the middle and upper
parts of the formation (Palacios and Jensen, 2013), an acritarch with
a stratigraphical range from the Darriwillian to the Hirnantian, being
most common in the Katian and Hirnantian (Le Hérissé et al., 2013).
The Xistos com Nodulos Formation is a thin (< 10 m) unit of dark
shale with black chert levels, rich in graptolites (Romariz, 1962;
Robardet et al., 1998; Piçarra, 2000). The transition to the Colorada
Formation has been described as possibly gradual (Piçarra, 2000;
Robardet and Gutiérrez-Marco, 2004). The overlying Xistos
Raiados Formation, alternating dark shale and pale siltstone or fine
sandstone, shows locally coarser sandstone beds. Graptolites and
spores show that this unit spans the Silurian-Devonian transition
(e.g. Piçarra, 2000; Lopes et al., 2009). Trace fossils from the Xistos
Raiados Formation north of the present area include Lophoctenium
comosum (Jensen and Palacios, 2013). The Russianas Formation,
composed of shale, sandstone and carbonates, yield a Silurian fauna
of brachiopods, trilobites, etc. The Terena Formation is a turbiditic
succession composed of greywacke and shale. Spores and
graptolites date the lower part to the Lochovian and the upper part
to the Pragian and Emsian. Three lithologically distinct stratigraphical
units of overlapping early Devonian age are recognized in this region
(see Robardet and Gutiérrez-Marco, 2004, for a discussion of this
problem).
Figure 2 presents a simplified depiction of the Ordovician-to-
Lower Devonian stratigraphical succession in the studied area.

3. Trace fossils from the Barrancos (Xistos com

Phyllodocites) and Colorada formations in the Barrancos
area, Portugal
Trace fossils from the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation were
described, and figured in plates 25 to 47, in Delgado (1910), with
the great majority originating from the Mestre André Quarry close
to Barrancos (Fig. 1C). Additional material from this quarry was
figured by Perdigão (1961). More recent studies on trace fossils
from the Mestre André Quarry include Neto de Carvalho (2001),
where quantitative geometric analysis was applied to Dictyodora
tenuis, and the tentative identification of Merostomichnites (Neto
de Carvalho, 2003). Burke et al. (2005) commented on the relatively
high diversity of trace fossils in the Xistos com Phyllodocites
Formation in the context of the early evolution of deep marine
ecosystems. A review of the trace fossils from the Mestre André
Quarry was listed in Robardet et al. (1998), and briefly discussed Fig. 2. Simplified depiction of the Ordovician-to-Lower Devonian stratigraphical
in Picarra et al. (2011), who also commented on the shallower than succession in the Barrancos-Oliva de la Frontera region. See text for details. XN –
previously recognized depth of deposition for this unit. The Xistos com Nódulos Formation.
ichnotaxonomy of this material is due for a modern revision: a Fig. 2. Esquema simplificado da sequência estratigráfica, do Ordovícico ao Devónico,
preliminary list from work in progress by one of us (Neto de na região de Barrancos-Oliva de la Frontera. Para detalhes veja-se o texto. XN –
Carvalho) includes; Chondrites intricatus, Chondrites isp., Dictyodora Formação dos Xistos com Nódulos.
162 S. Jensen et al. / Comunicações Geológicas (2016) 103, Especial I, 159-168

Fig. 3. Trace fossils from the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation in the Mestre André Quarry. MG – Museu Geológico, Lisbon; MNHNUL - Museu Natural de História Natural
e da Ciência, Lisbon. Scale bars are 10 mm. A – Dictyodora tenuis. Material figured in plate 33, fig 4 in Delgado (1910). MG5952. B – Arthropod trace fossil, Diplichnites isp.
Material figured in plate 43, fig 5 in Delgado (1910). MG6038. C – Pinnate trace fossil that has been named Oldhamia pinnata Seilacher, a nomen nudum. MG6032. D – Looping
trace fossil, Gordia marina. MG4932. E – Strongly looping trace fossil, possibly being a Nereites macleayi, in portions with a bilobed base. Delgado figured similar trace fossils
in his plates 45, fig.2, and 46, fig. 2. F – Nereites cambriensis. Delgado (1910) figured a similar slab in his plate 28. MNHNUL.CH.Icn02, photo Luis Quinta.
Fig. 3. Icnofósseis da Formação de Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation na pedreira do Mestre André. Escalas gráficas de 10 mm. A – Dictyodora tenuis. Material figurado na
estampa 33, fig 4 em Delgado (1910). B – Trilho de artrópode, Diplichnites isp. Material figurado na estampa 43, fig 5 em Delgado (1910). C – Icnofóssil em forma de pinha que
tem vindo a ser designado por Oldhamia pinnata Seilacher, um nomen nudum. D – Icnofóssil cíclico, Gordia marina. E – Icnofóssil fortemente cíclico, atribuível a Nereites
macleayi, com porções evidenciando uma estrutura bilobada e, nalguns casos, mesmo os “probings” laterais. Delgado figurou icnofósseis semelhantes nas suas estampas 45, fig.2,
e 46, fig. 2. F – Nereites cambriensis. Delgado (1910) figurou esta amostra na sua estampa 28.

tenuis, Dictyodora zimmermanni, Didymaulichnus isp?, Diplichnites
isp., Gordia marina, Helminthoidichnites isp., Lophoctenium isp.,
Nereites cambriensis, Nereites macleayi, Neonereites uniserialis,
“Oldhamia pinnata” nomen nudum, Oldhamia isp., Palaeophycus
isp., Paleodictyon isp.?, Planolites beverleyensis, Spirophycus isp.
and Rhabdoglyphus isp. Representative trace fossils from the Xistos
com Phyllodocites Formation are shown in Figure 3. Trace fossils
from this unit typical of deep marine environments during the
Phanerozoic include Dictyodora, Lophoctenium, and Nereites,
found in low-bioturbated levels and organized in shallow tiers
controlled by the fine grained sediments and possibly being
evidence for strong oxygen depletion below the water-sediment
interface. Oxygen-related Chondrites, shallow grazing scribbling
trails including Gordia, and foraging burrows connected to the
substrate surface such as Dictyodora are the most common trace
fossils scattered in the front works and slates of the Mestre André
Quarry. Moreover, the primary sedimentary fabric is generally
preserved (Tarhan et al., 2014), in extreme cases, where all other
bioturbators were excluded, with the remarkable preservation of
mm-scale lamina totally covered by minute Oldhamia in a very
Trace fossils from the Barrancos and Colorada formations 163

Fig. 4. Field photographs of stellate trace fossils (?Stellascolites) from the Colorada Formation. Scale is divided in centimetres. All specimens from outcrop east of Valencia del
Mombuey, except for C, which is from the Barrancos area.
Fig. 4. Fotos de campo de icnofósseis em estrela da Formação de Colorada. Escala em cm. Todos os espécimes têm origem no afloramento a leste de Valencia del Mombuey,
excepto C, com origem na zona de Barrancos.

shallow tier, only cut by deeper tiered Chondrites. To the top of the
succession (and quarry), large bulldozing trails and arthropod tracks
became more common.
Although the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation crops out
also on the Spanish side of the border trace fossils have received
very little attention there. Tarhan et al. (2014, fig. 11A-C) figured
trace fossils from a road section approximately along strike of the
Mestre André Quarry (a in Fig. 1C). Of historical interest is Gonzalo
y Tarín’s (1887: 395, 396) description of trace fossils from this unit
in the same area (b in Fig. 1C), which is an early example in the
Iberian literature of invertebrate trace fossils identified as such. In
the late 1880ies many scientists, including Delgado, were interpreting
the majority of trace fossils as animal or plant body fossils. In
particular the great length of the structures seems to have convinced
Gonzalo y Tarín that they are trace fossils rather than body fossils.
Although no trace fossil is figured in his publication, the clear and
informative descriptions suggest observations of Dictyodora tenuis
and Nereites isp.
Trace fossils in the Colorada Formation in the Barrancos area
include star-shaped trace fossils (Fig. 4C) (see next section for
discussion), and unusual Rusophycus-type trace fossils (Fig. 5C-E),
characterised by a steeply inclined triangular anterior portion, in
some specimens with evidence for horizontal repetition. They are
common, particularly in a bed very close to the base of Colorada
164
Fig. 5. Field photographs of arthropod-type trace fossils from the basal part of the Colorada Formation. A – Cruziana furcifera, section east of Valencia del Mombuey. Trace fossil
is about 3 cm wide. B – Cruziana isp., section east of Valencia del Mombuey. Scale is divided into centimetres. C-E – Rusophycus-type trace fossil from Barrancos area. Scale bars
are 10 mm.
Fig. 5. Fotos de campo de icnofósseis de artrópodes provenientes da base da Formação de Colorada. A – Cruziana furcifera, secção a leste de Valencia del Mombuey. O icnofóssíl
tem cerca de 3 cm de largura. B – Cruziana isp., secção a leste de Valencia del Mombuey. Escala em cm. C-E – Rusophycus da zona de Barrancos. Escalas gráficas de 10 mm.
Formation, at the Mestre André Quarry area. We are aware if no
previous report of this type of Rusophycus, and no similar form has
been described from the rich northern Gondwanan Middle
Ordovician- Silurian assemblages of arthropod-type trace fossils
from Jordan, Libya and Chad.
4. Trace fossils from the Colorada Formation between
Oliva de la Frontera and Valencia del Mombuey, Spain
The lower part of the Colorada Formation is well exposed along the
eastern limb of a synclinal structure exposed south of road BA-102,
some 6 kilometres east of Valencia del Mombuey (Fig. 1D). Here
the transition from the Barrancos Formation to the Colorada
Formation is locally well exposed (Fig. 6A). Much of the exposed
Barrancos Formation is of the facies typical for this formation (Fig.
6C, D) and Xistos com Pyllodocites-type facies (Fig. 6E) is
probably represented by a few metres thickness only. The contact
between the Barrancos and Colorada formations here is sharp and
marked by narrow iron-rich level with clasts, fragments of ruptured
beds (Fig. 6F) and rare iron ooids. The implications of this interval
will be discussed in detail in a future publication, but it may
correspond to a rapid drop in relative sea-level.
Trace fossils can be observed in vertical section (Fig. 6B)
and bed soles in the basal quartz-rich part of the unit. Notable are
stellate trace fossils (Jensen et al., 2012) that consist of ribs that
radiate, in the outline of a semicircle, from a wide smooth central
area. Individual ribs are curved in the vertical plane (Fig. 4A,B, D-
G). Although not observed, it is assumed that all the ribs originated
from a common central point, diverged downwards, and turned
horizontal at a given plane. What appears to be comparable trace
fossils were described as Glockerichnus from the Ordovican of Co.
Wexford, Ireland (Crimes et al., 1992) and the Isle of Man (Orr and
Howe, 1999). Those occurrences were interpreted as incomplete
S. Jensen et al. / Comunicações Geológicas (2016) 103, Especial I, 159-168
preservation of originally star-shaped traces. At least for the
Colorada Formation specimens this is not a likely explanation. Also
similar, except that they form complete, or near complete, circular
outlines are stellate trace fossils from the Ordovician of England
that Orr (1996) referred to Glockerichnus radiatus (Etheridge). The
attribution of these forms to Glockerichnus is doubtful, however, if
the presence of branching ribs is accepted as a diagnostic feature of
this ichnogenus. Possibly Stellascolites Etheridge should be
reinstated as a useful ichnotaxon, to include both circular and semi-
circular forms.
Poorly preserved Rusophycus, probably of the same type as
described from this unit at Barrancos occur, but because of poor
preservation are generally seen as ovate bodies without detail (Fig.
6H). Rare specimens with preserved scratch-marks are identified as
Cruziana furcifera (Fig. 5A).
Skolithos pipe-rock is commonly observed in the basal part of
the Colorada Formation (Figs. 6G, H).
Acknowledgements
Various aspects of this study have benefited from financial support
from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation CGL 2008-
04373 and CGL 2012-37237. We thank to the Municipality of
Barrancos that authorized the works at the Mestre André Quarry
since 2000.
Trace fossils from the Barrancos and Colorada formations 165

Fig. 6. A – Outcrop of the Barrancos Formation (right side of the image) to Colorada Formation (left side of the image) transition, east of Valencia del Mombuey. The view faces
north. B – Vertical section through the quartz-arenitic basal part of the Colorada Formation. Scale is divided in centimetres. C-E – Field images of bedding in the Barrancos
Formation. Scale bar is 20 mm for C-E. C and D from section east of Valencia del Mombuey; E, from section along Río Ardila, some 5 metres below contact with the Colorada
Formation. This shows the typical facies of the Xistos com Phyllodocites Formation with comparatively more prominent sandstone beds and more prominent evidence for trace
fossils in vertical section. F – Vertical section through boundary interval between the Barrancos Formation (at base) and Colorada Formation (light coloured rock in upper part).
Scale bar is 10 mm. G – Skolithos piperock in lower part of Colorada Formation in section along Río Ardila. Scale is divided in centimetres. H – Base of quartz-arenite bed from
basal part of the Colorada Formation with piperock and poorly preserved Rusophycus. Scale is divided in centimetres.
Fig. 6. A – Afloramento na transição da Formação de Barrancos (cristas à direita) com a Formação de Colorada (parte esquerda da imagem), a leste de Valencia del Mombuey.
Perspectiva para norte. B – Secção vertical através da sequência quartzo-arenítica da Formação de Colorada. Escala em cm. C-E – Imagens de campo da estratificação na Formação
de Barrancos. Escala de 20 mm para C-E. C e D da secção a leste de Valencia del Mombuey; E, da secção ao longo Río Ardila, cerca de 5 metros abaixo do contacto com a
Formação de Colorada. Esta mostra as fácies típicas da Formação dos Xistos com Phyllodocites comparativamente com maior número de camadas areníticas e mais evidente
bioturbação vertical. F – Corte em secção vertical através do limite entre a Formação de Barrancos (na base) e a Formação de Colorada (rochas claras na parte superior). A escala
é de 10 mm. G – Piperock de Skolithos na parte inferior da Formação de Colorada exposta na secção ao longo do Río Ardila. Escala em cm. H – Muro de camada quartzo-arenítica
pertencente à base da Formação de Colorada com piperock e Rusophycus mal preservados. Escala em cm.
166
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