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HÍh „Ñü=∞x+≤ `«=∞‰õΩ `å"Õ∞ "≥·^ŒºO KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O ™ê^èŒº"Õ∞<å x[OQÍ
™ê^èºŒ "≥∞`ÿ Õ WO`«=∞Ok _®Hõ~Ôì O¡ ^Œ∞‰õΩ Jx ãÖ^ÕÇÏ¨ O ~å=K«∞Û. x*ÏxH˜ _®Hõ~ì ∞° ¡
KÕ¿ã^Õq∞\˜ ~Ày=KåÛHõ `«#x H˘xfl „Ñ¨â◊flÅ∞ "Õ™êÎ~°∞. Jq Uq∞@O>Ë g∞‰õΩ
PHõe "Õã∞¨ OÎ ^• ÖË^•, x„^Œ =ã¨∞OÎ ^• ÖË^• ^•Ç¨ÏOQÍ LO@∞O^• ÖË^• q~ÀK«#O
J=Ù`«∞O^• ÖË^•, ~°∞z `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎO^• ÖË^• WÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#O
`≥e™êHõ _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ =∞O^Œ∞ ã¨∂z™êÎ~°∞. JO`ÕHÍh =∞#O "≥à◊§QÍ<Õ =∞#
~ÀQÆO Uq∞\’ K≥Ñ¨ÊQÆÅ~å ÖË^Œ∞ Hõ^•. J~Ú`Õ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO J@∞=O\˜ "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞
LO_ç LO_»=K«∞Û. =∞#O ~åQÍ<Õ =∞# <å_ç XHõ¯ xq∞+Ö Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩx =∞#O
"å~°O ~ÀAÅ „H˜`«O u#fl PÇ¨~°O Uq∞\’ ‰õÄ_® `≥e¿Ñ =∞Ç¨Q˘Ñ¨Ê "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞
L<åfl~°∞. HÍx WÑ¨C_»∞ =∞#O J#∞ãïã¨∞Î#fl D JÖ’¡Ñü "≥·^Œºq^è•#OÖ’
L#fl =ÚYºã¨∂„`«O „>ˇÖÿ ò ZO_£ Z„~°~ü (Trail and Error). JO>Ë „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOK«∞
`«Ñ¨CÅ∞ K≥~Úº, ãïK«∂ã≤ ÉÏ}O "≥~Úº `«ye`Õ ã¨ˆ~ ÖË^• JO`Õ, H˘xfl™ê~°∞¡
~ÀyK«xáÈÜÕ∞ Ñïã≤÷u U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ _®Hõì~ü U=∞O\Ï_»∞ <Õ#∞
K≥Ü«∞ºQÆey#O`« KÕâß#∞ JO\Ï_»∞. =∞#O UO K≥Ü«∞ºQÆÅO ã¨ˆ~ Jx U_»∞ã¨∂Î
"≥o§áÈ`åO. HÍ|\˜ì nxH˜ „Ñ¨`åº=∂flÜ«∞O =∞#"Õ∞ "≥`H« Íeû# J=ã¨~O° LOk.
J~Ú`Õ nxH˜ =∞~À=∂~°"æ ∞Õ PÜ«Ú~ˆ fi^ŒO. Wk ZO^Œ~À |∞∞+¨µÅKÕ K≥ÑÊ¨ |_ç#k.
giÖ’ K«~°Hõ|∞∞+≤, â◊√„â◊√`«|∞∞+≤, "åQÆƒù@|∞∞+≤, xÑ¶¨∞O@∞|∞∞+≤, Ñ¨~åâ◊~°|∞∞+≤
g~°∞ JO^Œ~°∂ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ XˆHÖÏ K≥Ñ≤Ê# XˆH XHõ =∂@ Uq∞@O>Ë – ~Ày
J~Ú#"å_Õ JO^ŒiHõO>Ë Q˘Ñ¨Ê"≥·^Œ∞º_»∞ HÍQÆÅ_»∞ Jx D q+¨Ü«∂xfl =∞#O
ZO`ÀÖ’`«∞QÍ =∞##O KÕã¨∂Î QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ=Åã≤#k. |∞∞+¨µÅO^Œ~°∂ JÖÏ
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ K≥áêÊ~°O>Ë J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î#fl ~ÀyH˜ `≥eã≤#O`«QÍ ~ÀQÆO Uq∞\’ ^Œ∞ó
YO Uq∞\’ Z=iH© `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ P~ÀyH˜ HÍ=eûOk H˘kÌáê\˜ *Ï˝#O
=∂„`«"Õ∞. P*Ï˝#"Õ∞ LO>Ë "åi ~ÀQÆO`À "åˆ~ áÈ~å_» QÆÅ~°∞ zH˜`«û
KÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅ~°∞.
WOHÍ W`«~°∞Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞Ñ¨_»QÆÅ~°∞ HÍ|\˜ì ~Ày J~Ú#"å_Õ
Q˘Ñ¨Ê "≥·^Œ∞º_»∞ HÍQÆÅ_»∞ Jx PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒO `≥eã≤# "å~°O^Œ~°∂ K≥Ñ¨ÊQÆÅ~°∞.
^ŒÜ«∞KÕã≤ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒOÖ’ =∞# P~ÀQÆºO HÀãÖ 85 âß`«O
=∞#"Õ∞ KåÖÏ xÜ«∞=∂efl ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ, ã¨~°à◊OQÍ áê\Õz P~ÀQÍºxfl
á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û. q∞ye# 15 âß`«O =∂„`«"Õ∞ P ~°OQÆOÖ’ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊=Ú#fl
"åi`À ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û. D 15 âß`«O ~ÀQÍÅ∞ ZÑ¨C_ÀQÍx J=ã¨~°O
Ñ¨_=» Ù. HÍ|\˜ì PÑï*Ï˝#O =∞#‰õΩ HÍ"åÅO>Ë =∞#O KÕÜ∞« =Åã≤Ok Uq∞@O>Ë
=∞#O =∞# â◊s~åxfl QÆ=∞xOK«_»O. =∞#O u<Õ PÇ¨~åxfl QÆ=∞xOK«O_ç
=∞#O u<Õ PÇ¨~åxfl ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞iÎOz u#_»O KåÅ∞. =∞#‰õΩ KåÖÏ
`≥eã≤áÈ`å~Ú, J^Õ â◊s~åxfl QÆ∞iÎOKåÅO>Ë HÍã¨Î âßs~°Hõ q*Ï˝#O `≥eÜ«∂e.
WÖÏ ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# Ñï*Ï˝#O HÀãÖ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO "å~°∞ KåÖÏ z#fl z#fl Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍÅ∞
Kå~°∞Åì ∞ ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ Z<Àfl `≥eÜ«∞*Ë™êÎ~∞° . JqK«∂¿ãÎ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’x JOQÍÅ∞
"å\˜ LÑ¨JOQÍÅ∞ =∞# QÆ∞O_≥ ZHõ¯_» LOk, e=~ü ZHõ¯_» LOk ÖÏO\˜
q+¨Ü∂« Å∞ `≥Å∞™êÎ~Ú. Wq `≥e¿ãÎ PÜ«Ú~ˆ fi^ŒO QÆ∞iOz ÉÏQÍ J~°=÷ ∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
WHõ =∞#O =ÚYºOQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x f~°=Åã≤# q+¨Ü∞« O Éè’[#O. D q+¨Ü∞« O
ÉÏQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ ZÑ¨Ê\˜HÀ "≥^· ∞Œ ºx J=ã¨~O° ~å^Œ∞. Jã¨Å∞ Éè’[<åxfl
J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O JO>Ë Uq∞\˜, J^Õ =∞#=O\Õ\˜x J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O
J#fl=∂@. "åQÆ ƒ ù @ |∞∞+≤ K≥ ¿ ÑÊ XHõ ¯ =∂@ Uq∞@O>Ë rq`« O Ö’
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# Q˘Ñ¨Êk =O\˜Å∞¡. W^Õ Q˘Ñ¨Êq*Ï˝#O JxflO\˜Hõ<åfl Q˘Ñ¨Ê
Ñïâ’^èŒ# =O\Õ\’¡<Õ LOk. nxH˜ q∞Oz# Ñïâ’^èŒ# „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’
WO`«=~°‰õΩ ÖË^Œ∞. WHõ =ÚO^Œ∞~å^Œ∞ Jx JO\Ï~°∞. QÆ_»z# "≥ÜÕ∞ºà◊§Ö’ HÍh
WHõ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ QÍh ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ [iy#O`«QÍ Éè’[# (áêHõâß„ã¨)Î Ñïâ’^è#Œ
ZHõ¯_® [~°∞QÆÖË^Œ∞ Jx =∞#O ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ"åe. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
W`«~°^ÕâßÅÖ’ Éè’[#=Ú LO_»^Œ∞. WHõ Ñïâ’^èŒ# ZÖÏ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. KåÖÏ
^ÕâßÅÖ’ QÆ=∞x¿ãÎ "åi PÇ¨~°O ˆH=ÅO áê=Ù~À\˜ ÖË^• _»|∞Öò~˘>ˇì. Wq
"≥∞ÿ^•Ñ≤O_ç`À KÕã≤#q ^•xx |OQÍà◊^Œ∞OÑ¨`À<À, Le¡áêÜ«∞`À<À uO\Ï~°∞.
Jk ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨ÙÅ=Éˇ\ ˜ì# "≥∞ÿ^•Ñ≤O_ç "åi^ŒQÆæ~° L#fl PÇ¨~°O J^Õ =∂k
KåÖÏ Q˘Ñ¨Ê^Õâ◊O Jx K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ<Õ [~°‡h =O\˜ ^ÕâßÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® "åà◊§‰õΩ
LO_Õk PÅ∂QÆ_»¤, Le¡QÆ_»¤ =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍh =∞#^Õâ◊OÖ’, +¨_£~°™êÅ∞ (P~°∞
~°∞K«∞Å∞) LO\Ï~Ú. Jxfl „QÍ=∂Ö’¡#∂ LO\Ï~Ú. J^Õ =∞# ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Q˘Ñ¨Ê`«#O. Wk =∞#‰õΩ J~°÷"≥∞ÿ`Õ "åQÆƒù@|∞∞+≤ K≥¿ÑÊ PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ
q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ J~°÷=∞=Ù`å~Ú. D "åQÆƒù@|∞∞+≤ K«~°Hõ |∞∞+≤ t+¨µº_»∞ K«~°Hõ|∞∞+≤
KÕã≤# Ñïâ’^èŒ#H˜ Ô~O_»∞#fl~° Ô~@∞¡ JkèHõOQÍ Ñïâ’^èŒ# KÕã≤# =ºH©Î, K«~°‰õΩ_»∞
„"åã≤# q+¨Ü«∂ÅxflO\˜x J#∞Éèí= Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ x~°∂Ñ≤Oz K«∂Ñ≤# =ºH©Î
"åQÆƒù@|∞∞+≤. g~°∞ „"åã≤# 7,000 ã¨∂„`åÅ`À JëêìOQÆ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O, JëêìOQÆ
ãÖ„QÆÇ¨ÏO „"åâß~°∞. D Ô~O_»∞ K«kq`Õ q∞ye# PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ „QÆO^ä•Åhfl
ãÖÑ¨Ó~°O‚ QÍ K«kq#@¡xÑ≤ã∞¨ OÎ k. "åQÆƒ@ù |∞∞+≤ 135 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ rqOKå~°∞.
Wk =∞# ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œâß„ã¨ÎO. WÑ¨Ê\˜ Ñïã≤÷uK«∂¿ãÎ JO`å q^Õj
HõOÃÑhÅ =∞Ü«∞OQÍ =∂iáÈ~ÚOk. (‰õÄÖò„_çOH±û) j`«ÅáêhÜ«∂Å ¿Ñ~°∞`À
=∞# P~ÀQÍºxfl ZO`«QÍ<À ^≥|ƒfã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. WOHÍ Pi÷HOõ QÍ TÇ≤ÏOK«Ö#Ë O`«QÍ
^ÀK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞, "≥·^ŒºÑ¨~°OQÍ<≥·`Õ K≥Ñ¨Ê#ÅqHÍ^Œ∞. „Ñü q@q∞<£H˜ XHõ
\ÏÉˇ¡\ò Jx ™êufiHõÑ¨Ù =∂@Å`À =∞#efl ZÖÏ "≥∂ãÖ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~À
QÆ=∞xOK«=Åã≤# q+¨Ü«∞O.
WHõ "åQÆƒ@ù ∞x q+¨Ü∂« xH˜ =¿ãÎ "å~°∞ „"åã≤#q "≥Ú`«OÎ 7000 ã¨∂„`åÅ∞
"å\˜x "≥Ú`«ÎOQÍ J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕÜ«∞@O KåÖÏ Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#Ñ¨x. HÍ|\˜ì "å\˜Ö’
=ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#qQÍ Ñïjeã¨∂ÎáÈ`Õ 7000 ã¨∂„`åÅ#∞, 3000 QÍ WOHÍ
1000QÍ#∂, 1000 #∞Oz 500 QÍ#∂ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç z=~°QÍ 50 ã¨∂„`åÅ∞
„Ñü=∞x+≤H˜ J`«º=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ qQÍ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. Jk‰õÄ_® Hõ+=ì¨ ∞#∞‰õΩO>Ë HõhãÖ
15 ã¨∂„`åÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅx x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. D 15 ã¨∂„`åÅ∞ =∂„`«O
J`«ºO`« „Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ#qQÍ QÆ∞iÎOKåe.
=∞\˜ìáê„`«Å qt+¨ì`«
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ã¨∂„`«=ÚQÍ D q+¨Ü∂« xfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O Uq∞@O>Ë PÇ¨~°O
=O_Õ q^è•#O U PÇ¨~°"≥∞ÿ<å =O_Õ@Ñ¨C_»∞ QÍe, "≥Å∞`«∞~°∂ `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂
=ÙO_ÕÖÏ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. =∞#O =O_»∞‰õΩ<Õ U PÇ¨~åxÔH·<å ã¨∂~°∞ºxHÍOu,
QÍe (Ñ¨=#=Ú) `«QÆÅx PÇ¨~°=Ú u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë Jk PÇ¨~°=Ú
HÍ^Œ∞. q+¨=Ú`À ã¨=∂#=∞x "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`«=Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’ qâı+Ö
Uq∞@O>Ë q+¨=Ú Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k `«Hõ∆}"Õ∞
Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk, Ô~O_»=~°HõÑ¨Ù q+Ö x^•#OQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. JO>Ë H˘xfl <≥ÅÅ∞
ÖËHõáÈ`Õ H˘xfl ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. WÖÏO\˜^Õ QÍe, ã¨∂~°º~°ã≤‡
`«QÆÅ‰õΩO_® =O_»|_ç# Éè’[#=Ú L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜ „ÃÑ+¨~ü‰õΩHõ¯~ü. WO^Œ∞Ö’
PÇ¨~°O =O_Õ@Ñ¨C_»∞ U =∂„`«=¸ QÍe, ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ `«yÖË J=HÍâ◊"Õ∞ÖË^Œ∞.
WkÑ¨ÓiÎQÍ q+¨`«∞Åº=Ú Jx Z<Àfl "ÕÅãÖ=`«û~åÅ Ñ¨Ó~°fi"Õ∞ Dq^è•#O
QÆ∞iOz TÇ≤ÏOz K≥áêÊ~°∞ "åQÆƒ@ù ∞Å∞. WÑ¨Ê\˜ âß„ã¨"Î `Õ ÅÎ« ∞ C.D.R.I. (ÃãO„@Öò
„_»Q∑ sã¨~üÛ Wxã≤ì@∂º\ò) "å~°∞‰õÄ_® D q+¨Ü«∂xfl JOwHõiOKå~°∞.
„ÃÑ+¨~‰ü Ωõ Hõ¯~ü WO^Œ∞Ö’ =∞~˘Hõ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒH~õ ° q+¨Ü∞« O Uq∞@O>Ë, D „ÃÑ+¨~‰ü Ωõ Hõ¯~ü
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ¿ãk JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O`À PÇ¨~°O =O_»\ÏxH˜ QÍh, xÅ∞=
=ÙOK«\ÏxH˜ QÍh U=∂„`«O Ñ¨xH˜~åxk. JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O, D áê„`«Ö’x
PÇ¨~°O =∞m§ =∞m§ uO@∂ =ÙO>Ë "åiH˜ =∞^èŒ∞"Õ∞Ç¨ÏO, r~°‚ãÖ|Okè`«,
\˜.a., Pã¨Î=∂ =∞iÜ«¸ H©à◊§ ãÖ|O^èŒ "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® =™êÎ~Ú.
WO`« „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O =∞#‰õΩ ZÖÏ =zÛOk. ZÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞Oz
"å_»HõO "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·#k Jx K«∂¿ãÎ `≥eã≤# Pâ◊Û~°ºHõ~° q+¨Ü«∞O Uq∞@O>Ë
ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ßxfl POˆQÜ ¡ Ú« Å∞ ÑïáêeOKÕ@Ñ¨C_»∞ *ˇà· §◊ Ö’ Mˇn· Å∞QÍ L#fl ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞
qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å#∞, xsfi~°∞ºÅ∞QÍ KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ "åi âß„ã¨ÎA˝Å∞KÕ
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ~ÚOz JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O áê„`«ÅÖ’ PÇ¨~åxfl `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤
=_ç¤OKÕ"å~°∞. P HÍÅOÖ’ *ˇ·à◊§Ö’ LO_Õ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ qÑ¨¡=HÍ~°∞Å∞ ZO^Œ~À
=∞#^Õâ◊ ™êfi`«O„`«ºO HÀãÖ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅH˜ Z^Œ∞~°∞ uiy#"åˆ~ HÍh WÑ¨C_»∞
POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ =∂„`«O "≥o§áÈÜ«∂~°∞. =∞# *ˇ·à◊§Ö’ WÑ¨Ê\˜H© JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O
áê„`«Å∞ "å_»∞K«∞<Õ L<åfl~°∞, =∞s „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~° Ñïã≤÷u Uq∞@O>Ë D~ÀA
JO^Œi Wà◊§Ö’H˜ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O =KÕÛã≤Ok. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ¿Ñ^Œ"åi Wà◊§Ö’H˜,
áêÑÖ "åiH˜ `≥eÜ«∞x Z<Àfl ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ`À KåÖÏ W|ƒO^Œ∞ÅH˜ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞.
Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#O QÆ=∞xOK«=Åã≤# =ÚYºq+¨Ü«∞O "åQÆƒù@∞x "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ã¨∂„`«O
QÍe, ã¨∂~°∞ºx "≥Å∞`«∞~°∂ `«QÆÅ‰õΩO_® =O_ç# PÇ¨~°O U^≥·<å q+Ö`À (™È¡
áê~Ú[<£) ã¨=∂#=Ú.
WÖÏO\˜^Õ =∞~À=ã¨∞Î=Ù ''i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~ü—— nxÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Uq^èŒOQÍ#∂ QÍe
"≥Å∞`«∞~°∞ „Ñ¨"ÕtOK«=Ù Hõ#∞Hõ nx "å_»HõO ‰õÄ_® ZO`À „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°=∞x
QÆ∞iÎOK«=Öˇ#∞. =∞# WO\’¡ "å_»∞‰õΩ<Õ =∞~˘Hõ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒH~õ ° =ã¨∞=Î Ù "≥∞„ÿ HÀ"À"≥<£
JO^Œ∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_® Uq^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# QÍe, "≥Å∞`«∞~°∂ „Ñ¨"ÕtOK«=Ù. nxfl|\˜ì =∞#O
QÆ=∞xOK«=Åã≤#k "åQÆƒù@∞x "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ã¨∂„`«=Ú. HÍh WÑ¨Ê\˜"å~°O^Œ~°∂
JO\Ï~°∞ =∂‰õΩ D =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ=Å¡ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Hõeã≤ =ã¨∞Î#flk Jx.
J~Ú`Õ g∞‰õΩ q∞ye# ã¨=∞Ü«∂xfl g∞~°∞ ZÖÏ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞.
JO>Ë, Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ \©.q.Ö’ ã‘iÜ«∞Öòû K«∂ã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞ Jx `≥eã≤Ok.
nx=Å¡ g∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O Uq∞\’ g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. WÖÏ g∞~°∞ á⁄Ok# g∞
MÏm ã¨=∞Ü«∂xfl XHõ™êi J<å~ÀQÆ∞ºÖˇ· =∞OKå#Ñ¨_ç`Õ ZO`« #+¨ì"≥∂ g∞ˆ~
TÇ≤ÏOK«∞HÀO_ç.
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„ÃÑ+¨~ü ‰õΩHõ¯~üÖ’ =O_Õ Ñ¨^•~°÷O XuÎ_çH˜ QÆ∞Ô~· `«fi~°QÍ "≥∞`«Î|_»∞`«∞Ok. HÍh
L_»Hõ^Œ∞, JO>Ë Ñ¨^•~°÷O L_»Hõ_»O "Õ~°∞ "≥∞`«Î|_»_»O "Õ~°∞. nx =º`åºãÖ
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Z‰õΩ¯=HÍÅO Ñ¨_»∞`«∞O^À J^Õq^èŒOQÍ PyO[ =O_»\ÏxH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O
fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜ HõOkÑ¨Ñ¨C ÑÖ@ ÑÖ_»\ÏxH˜ HõhãÖ 7 #∞O_ç
8 <≥ÅÅ∞ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë JO^Œ∞Ö’ LO_Õ q@q∞<£û, „á⁄\©<£û,
#∂º\˜„Ü«∞<£û, Jhfl ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ =∞\˜ì#∞O_ç `«Ü«∂~°=\ÏxH˜ JO`« ã¨=∞Ü«∞O
Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. =∞\˜ìÖ’<Õ Jxfl~°HÍÅ "≥∞ÿ„HÀ #∂„\˜Ü«∞<£û L<åfl~Ú. W=hfl "≥ÚHõ¯
"Õ~°∞Ö’H˜ KÕi „Hõ=∞OQÍ Ñ¶¨ÖÏxH˜ KÕ~°∞`å~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ JO`« ã¨=∞Ü«∞O
Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì yO[Ö’x Jxfl~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’H˜ KÕ~åÅO>Ë
Ñ¨^•~°÷O =O_»|_®e, "≥∞`«Î|_ç`Õ ãïáÈ^Œ∞. Wk „Ñ¨Hõ$u^èŒ~°‡O. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ
ã≤^•úO`«O JO`Õ HÍh =∞#O `˘O^Œ~Ñ° _¨ `ç Õ Uq∞ [~°Q^Æ ∞Œ . a_»¤ [x‡OKåÅO>Ë
‰õÄ_® `˘q∞‡k <≥ÅÅ∞ "Õz K«∂_®e. JÑ¨C_Õ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚`«fiO [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
Ñ¨ Ó s [QÆ < åfl^è Œ ™ êfiq∞ PÅÜ« ∞ OÖ’ „Ñ¨ ™ ê^Œ O =∞\˜ ì á ê„`« Å Ö’<Õ
=O_»|_»∞`«∞Ok. =∞iÜ«Ú =∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’<Õ JOkOK«|_»∞`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
=∞\˜ì Ñ¨~°=∞Ñ¨q„`«"≥∞ÿ#k JO`ÕHÍHõ "≥·*Ï˝xHõOQÍ ‰õÄ_® =∞# â◊s~°O JO`«\Ï
LO_Õk =∞\˜ìÜÕ∞. â◊s~°O `«QÆ∞ÅÉˇ\ ˜ì#Ñ¨C_»∞ q∞yÖËk 20 „QÍ=ÚÅ
=∞\˜ì=∂„`«"Õ∞. JO^Œ∞Ö’<Õ 18 ~°HÍÅ "≥∞ÿ„HÀ#∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û LO\Ï~Ú. ^•<Õfl
=∞#O |∂_ç^Œ JO\Ï=Ú. D "≥·*Ï˝xHõ q+¨Ü«∞O JHõ¯_ç Ñ¨Ó*Ï~°∞Å‰õΩ
`≥eÜ«∞HõáÈ=K«∞Û. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë "å~°∞ Ãã·<£û K«^Œ∞=ÖË^Œ∞ HÍ|\ì̃. J~Ú<å ‰õÄ_®
âß„ã¨Î"Õ`«ÎÅ~Ú#"å~°∞ Z<Àfl ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ Ñïâ’kèOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ q+¨Ü«∞O
"åiH˜ `≥eÜ«∞HõáÈ~Ú<å "å~°∞ PK«iã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨q„`«"≥∞ÿ# PÅÜ«∞OÖ’
ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞}˜‚ „Ñ¨™ê^ŒO ‰õÄ_® JO`Õ Ñ¨q„`«"≥∞ÿ# =∞\˜ì áê„`«Ö’<Õ =O_ç
ã¨=∞iÊOKåe Jx =∂„`«O `≥Å∞ã¨∞. XHõ™êi "Õ∞=Ú D „Ñ¨™ê^•xfl fã¨∞‰õΩx
Éèí∞=<Õâ◊fi~üÖ’x C.S.I.R. ÖË|ˆ~@s JO>Ë (H“xûÖò PÑ¶π Ãã·<£û JO_£
WO_»„ã≤ìÜ«∞Öò iã¨~üÛ) s[#Öò iã¨~üÛ ÖË|ˆ~@sÖ’ Ñïâ’kèOK«=∞x, JO>Ë
"å~°∞ nxH˜ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O JO>Ë ^•^•Ñ¨Ù P~°∞ <≥ÅÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok
J<åfl~°∞. J~Ú<å ^•xH˜ HÍ=eû# Ñ¨x=Ú@∞¡ =∂=^ŒÖÌ =Ë Ù. g∞~°∞ D „Ñ¨™ê^•xfl
_çb¡ fã¨∞‰õΩ"≥o§ >ˇãπì KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀO_ç J<åfl~°∞. =∞m§ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç _çb¡^•HÍ
fã¨∞HÔ àıÎ D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Jk áê_»=Ù`«∞Ok Hõ^•. Jx JO>Ë, JHõ¯_ç âß„ãÄ Î Å˝ ∞
J<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨Ói PÅÜ«∞OÖ’x „Ñ¨™ê^ŒO =∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’ =O_»|_»∞`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì
Wk áê_»=fi^Œ∞ Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞. WÑ¨Ê\˜ÔH·<å =∞#O J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
=∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’ =O_Õ PÇ¨~°O ZO`« qÅ∞"≥·#^À J~Ú`Õ Éèí∞<Õâ◊fi~ü #∞O_ç _çb¡H˜
"≥àÏ§ÅO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 36 QÆO@Å ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. J~Ú<å fã¨∞ÔHo§
JHõ¯_» sÃã~üÛ KÕ~Ú¿ãÎ =zÛ# iáÈ~üì Uq∞@O>Ë D Ñ¨^•~°÷OÖ’ XHõ¯ "≥∞ÿ„HÀ
#∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û ‰õÄ_® `«QÆæÖË^Œ∞ J<åfl~°∞. "≥O@<Õ „ÃÑ+¨~ü ‰õΩHõ¯~üÖ’ =O_ç#
Ñ¨^•~åúxfl ‰õÄ_® >ˇãπì KÕ~Ú¿ãÎ =zÛ# iáÈ~üì ˆH=ÅO 13 âß`«O =∂„`«"Õ∞
#∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û L<åfl~Ú. 87 âß`«O #∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û ^≥|ƒu<åfl~Ú, Ö’Ñ≤OKå~Ú
Jx `ÕeOk.
JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ =∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’ =O_ç# Ñ¨^•~åúxH˜ ~°∞z ‰õÄ_® J^Œ∞ƒù`«OQÍ
LO@∞Ok. Wk =∞# ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ãÖã¨¯ $f ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞O Hõ#∞Hõ =∞# Ñ¨Ósfi‰õΩÅ∞
D ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O rqOz#O`«=~°‰õΩ "åiH˜ Hõà◊§*’_»∞ ~åÖË^Œ∞.
rq`åO`«O =~°‰õΩ Ñ¨à◊√§ T_çáÈÖË^Œ∞. "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ©ãπ =O\˜
ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ ~åÖË^Œ∞. â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=eû# #∂„\˜Ü«∞<£û ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ JO^Œ∞`«∞O>Ë
rq`åO`«O =∞# Jxfl Ñ¨#∞Å∞ =∞#"Õ∞ Z=ig∞^Œ P^è•~°Ñ¨_»‰õΩO_®
rqOK«QÆÅO. Jk XHõ¯ =∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’ =O_ç# PÇ¨~°O Éèí∞lOK«@O =Å#
=∂„`«"Õ∞ ™ê^èŒº=∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O <ÕÅÖ’ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O `«Ü«∂sH˜ HÍ=eû#
=Ú_çã¨~°∞‰õΩ ZO`« L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H©, =∞#"å~°∞ =∞\˜ì =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅˆH Z‰õΩ¯= „áê^è•#ºO
WKåÛ~°∞. WO`«QÍ =∞#H˜ =∞\˜ìáê„`«Å∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕ¿ã ‰õΩ=∞‡i"åà◊√§ =∞#H˜
ZO`« Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÖ’ Hõ^•. POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ =∞iÜ«¸ JO`«‰õΩ=ÚO^Œ∞ =∞#efl
ÑïáêeOz# =Úã¨ÖÏ‡#∞Å∞ fã¨∞H˘zÛ# LK«ÛhK« J<Õ Éè^Ë •aè„áêÜ«∞O ÖË‰Ωõ O>Ë
âß„ã‘ÎÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã ‰õΩ=∞‡i"å~°∞ =∞#‰õΩ ZO`À Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÅ∞. ZÖÏQÆO>Ë
Jxfl~°HÍÅ =∞\˜ì áê„`«Å‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å=Ù, U=∞\˜ì ‰õΩO_»QÍ Ñ¨xH˜=ã¨∞OÎ ^À ZÖÏO\˜
=∞\˜`ì À =O@áê„`«Å∞ KÕÜ∞« =KÀÛ QÆ∞iÎOz U Ü«¸x=i≈\©Ö’ K«^∞Œ =ÙHÀ‰õΩO_®<Õ
=∞#H˜ WO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê ¿ã=KÕã≤ =∞# P~ÀQÍºxfl JOkOK«∞K«∞#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ x[OQÍ
"å~°∞ =∞#‰õΩ =O^ŒhÜ«ÚÅ∞. HÍh =∞# „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ "å~°∞ z#fl"å~°∞QÍ
QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨ÙÖ’ L<åfl~°∞, WHõ J~°÷"≥∞ÿOk Hõ^• =∞#O P~ÀQÆºOQÍ rq`åO`«O
„|`«HÍÅO>Ë QÍe, ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ `«yÖËÖÏQÍ PÇ¨~°O =O_»∞HÀ"åe. ^•xÖ’
J`«∞º`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# áê„`« =∞\˜ìáê„`«.
WHõ Ô~O_»= ~°HõOQÍ =∞#H˜ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_Õ áê„`« U"≥∞ÿ<å L#fl^• JO>Ë
J^Õ HÍOâ◊ºO, J#QÍ HõOK«∞áê„`«. =¸_»= L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# áê„`« W`«Î_ç. g\˜Ö’
=O_ç# Ñ¨^•~åúxfl Ñïâ’kèOz K«∂¿ãÎ, ˆH=ÅO 3 âß`«O #∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û
Ö’Ñ≤OKå~Ú. 97 âß`«O #∂º„\˜Ü«∞<£û Éèí„^ŒOQÍ L<åfl~Ú HÍ|\˜ì =∞#H˜
L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# áê„`« =∞\˜ìáê„`« Jx `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åe. JÑ¨C_Õ =∞#O WO_çÜ«∂
Ñ¨^Œúu #∞Oz ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ñ¨^Œúf, ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞OÖ’H˜ J_»∞QÆ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì#@∞ì JO>Ë
„ÃÑ+¨~ü‰õΩHõ¯~ü POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ ÖË^• J"≥∞iHõ<£û HõxÃÑ\˜ì#q. =∞\˜ìáê„`«Å∞ =∞#
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞ KÕã#≤ q Hõ#∞Hõ HÍ"åÅO>Ë, g∞‰õΩ nx LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆO `≥eÜ«∂ÅO>Ë,
_»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ©ãπ U™ê÷~ÚÖ’ L#fl"åiÔH·<å D Ñ¨^ŒúuÖ’ Éè’[#O =O_ç ÃÑ@ìO_ç.
ã¨∞=∂~°∞ H˘xfl <≥ÅÖ’¿Ñ YzÛ`«OQÍ "å~°∞ _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ©ãπ ~ÀQÆO #∞O_ç
q=Ú‰õΩÎÅ=Ù`å~°∞. P#O^ŒOQÍ rq™êÎ~°∞. W^Õ =∞# "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜
ã¨∂„`«O.
=∞#O #=∞‡ÖËHõáÈ=K«∞Û HÍh ^Õâ◊OÖ’<Õ ^èŒ#=O`«∞Öˇ·# nè~°∂ÉÏÜü∞
JOÉÏh "åi WO\’¡ ~˘>ˇìÅ∞ =∞\˜ìÃÑ}‚O g∞^Œ<Õ HÍÅ∞Û‰õΩx uO\Ï~°∞. WHõ
=∞#O Z@∞=O\˜ "≥ÚÇ¨Ï=∂@O ÖË‰õΩO_® WÑ¨C_»∞ P =∞\˜ìáê„`«Å∞ ZHõ¯_»
#∞O_ç `≥™êÎO J<Õ =OHõÅ∞ K≥Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® =∞# P~ÀQÆºO HÀãÖ =∞#"Õ∞ ZO`«
Hõ+Ñì¨ _¨ ç J~Ú<å `≥K∞« Û‰õΩx =∞\˜áì ê„`«Ö’<Õ PÇ¨~°O =O_»∞‰õΩO^•O. P~ÀQÆºOQÍ
rq^•ÌO.
i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~ü QÆ∞iOz WOH˘xfl q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. WO^Œ∞Ö’
‰õÄ_® QÍe, ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ KÕ~°^Œ∞ WOHÍ WO^Œ∞Ö’ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ =∞# WO\’¡ LO_Õ
LëÈ‚„QÆ`«HõO>Ë KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯= LO@∞Ok. Jk ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨Hõ$u ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O`À
[iy`Õ U „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=¸ LO_»^Œ∞. HÍh JÖÏ [~°QÆ@OÖË^Œ∞. Wk H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ
QÍºãπÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã¨∂Î i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~üÖ’x LëÈ‚„QÆ`«#∞ `«yæã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. P
QÍºãπÅ∞ 12 ~°HÍÅ QÍºãπÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕ¿ãÖÏ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕ™êÎ~°∞. "å\˜x
q*Ï˝#âß„ã¨ÎOÖ’ C.F.C. (HÀ¡~À, á¶È¡~À, HÍ~°ƒ<£û) JO\Ï~°∞. JO>Ë HÀ¡i<£
á¶È¡i<£ HÍ~°ƒ<£_»Ü«∂ÔH· û_£ L#flk. g\˜H˜ J~°÷O =∞#O _çHõ¬#sÖ’ K«∂¿ãÎ q+Ö
Z‰õΩ¯= q+Ö, ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# q+Ö Jx LO\Ï~Ú. =ÚYºOQÍ =∞#O QÍe
Ñ‘eÛ =^Œ∞Å∞`«∂ LO\Ï=Ú. Hõ^• =∞#O =kÖËQÍe<Õ HÍ~°ƒ<£ _»Ü«∂ÔH· û_£
JO\Ï~°∞. nxfl =∞#O =^ŒÅ‰õΩO_® HÍ¿ãÑ¨Ù =∞#Ö’ LOK«∞‰õΩO>Ë YzÛ`«OQÍ
=∞~°}˜™êÎ=Ú. JO`« ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# q+Ö q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕ¿ãk i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~ü,
WÖÏO\˜"Õ "≥Ú`«ÎO 12 ~°HÍÅ q+¨"åÜ«Ú=ÙÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅKÕã¨∞ÎOk. Wk WOHÍ
ZO`«\ ˜ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=∞O>Ë =∞#O i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~üÖ’ LOKÕ „ÑüÑ¨^•~°÷O g∞^Œ D
q+¨„Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O LO@∞Ok. =∞#O ZO`« ã‘ìÅ∞ y<≥flÖ’ÃÑ\˜ì =¸`«ÃÑ\˜ì LOz<å
"å\˜x KÕkOK«∞‰õΩx Ö’Ñë Ñ¨^•~°÷Og∞^Œ "åºÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
WO`«\ ˜ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~° =ã¨∞Î=Ùx ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕâß~°∞. U^À HÍ~°}O
LO_®e Hõ^•! J"≥∞iHÍ, HÔ #_® =O\˜ K«Åx¡ "å`å=~°}O LO_Õ Ü«¸~ÀÑ≤Ü∞« <£
^ÕâßÅ "åiH˜ H˘xfl~°HÍÅ JÖ’¡Ñü "≥∞_çã¨<£û#∞ HÍ=Åã≤# LëÈ‚„QÆ`«Ö’
LOK«∞‰õΩx LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ L^ÕâÌ O◊ `À "å~°∞ i„Ñ¶[≤ ~ˆ @~ü#∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕâß~°∞.
JO`ÕHÍx hà◊√§, ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰Ωõ <Õ L^ÕâÌ O◊ `À HÍ^Œ∞ JO`«H<õ åfl =ÚYºOQÍ
"≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ@ nxfl Pq+¨¯iOzOk. q∞Å@s Ãã·#ºO=^ŒÌ "åi P~ÀQÆº
ãÖ~°H}∆õ HÀãÖ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ xÅfiKÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞HÀãÖ =∂„`«"∞Õ =∞# ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’
^•x J=ã¨~°O KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=. ZHõ¯_≥·<å H˘xfl Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞ ^˘~°Hõxq xÅfi
KÕ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω <Õ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω LÑ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ y™êÎ ~ ° ∞ . JO`Õ H Íh „Ñ¨ u ~ÀE nx
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ^Œ∞. =∞# WO\’¡ Ju ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~° =ã¨∞Î=Ù U^≥·<å
LO^ŒO>Ë Jk i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~ü =∂„`«"Õ∞ Jx K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û.
u~°QÆe
WHõ "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx Ô~O_»= ã¨∂„`«OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊^•O. nxÖ’ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#
q+¨Ü«∞O =∞#O u#_®xH˜ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl U^≥·<å J#flO ÖËHõ Ñ¨Ñ¨C ÖËHõ
~˘>ˇì WOHÍ U^≥·<å, `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤# 48 xq∞ëêÅÖ’¿Ñ u#_»O [~°∞QÆ=Öˇ#∞.
Wk Ô~O_»=ã¨∂„`«=Ú 48 xq∞ëêÅ `«~åfi`« #∞Oz QÆ_çKÕH˘nÌ Ñ¨^•~°úOÖ’x
áÈ+¨Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ `«yáæ È`«∂ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ `«yáæ È~Ú# PÇ¨~°O
ZO`«=∂„`«O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. WHõ =∞~À ÉÏ^è•Hõ~°"≥∞ÿ# q+¨Ü«∞O =∞# „Ñ¨ÑÖK«
âß„ã¨ÎA˝Å∞ K≥Ñ¨CK«∞#flk "å`å=~°} HÍÅ∞+¨ºO. nxH˜ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k
i„Ñ¶[≤ ~ˆ @~üÖ’ #∞Oz =KÕÛ C.F.C. 12 ~°HÍÅ q+¨"åÜ«Ú=ÙÅ∞. D "å`å=~°}
HÍÅ∞+¨ºO `«yæOKÕ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flOÖ’ g∞~°∞ áêÅ∞ÑÖK«∞HÀO_ç. i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~ü "å_»HõO
`«yæOK«O_ç.
WHõ "≥∞ÿ„HÀ"Õ"£ "À"≥<£ ‰õÄ_® YzÛ`«OQÍ WÖÏO\˜^Õ. W=fihfl H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ
xã¨ûÇ¨Ü«∞ ã≤÷uÖ’ #∞O_ç Ñ¨Ù\ì̃#"Õ. =∞#O D~ÀA D =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê`«#O
Kå@∞‰õΩ<ÕqQÍ =∞# WO\’¡ LOK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ W=fixfl\˜ #∞O_ç
^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO_ç "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O =O_ç# Ñ¨^•~°úO 48
xq∞ëêÅÖ’¿Ñ ã‘fiHõiOK«∞^•O. ~˘>ˇìÖÏO\˜ =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ QÀ^èŒ∞=∞
Ñ≤O_ç J~Ú`Õ 15 ~ÀAÅÖ’¿Ñ áÈ+¨Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ LO\Ï~Ú, *Á#fl, ã¨[˚, ~åy
=O\˜ Ñ≤O_ç`À J~Ú`Õ 7 ~ÀAÅÖ’¿Ñ ~˘>ˇÅì ∞QÍ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=Öˇ#∞. JO`«‰Ωõ q∞Oz`Õ
Ñ≤O_çÖ’ áÈ+¨Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ `«yæáÈ`«∂ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. =∞i WO`«`«‰õΩ¯= HÍÅOÖ’
Ñ≤O_ç KÕã¨∞‰õΩx ~˘>ˇìÅ∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O ZÖÏ ™ê^èŒº=∞ø`«∞Ok JO>Ë u~°QÆe
LOkHõ^•, x*ÏxH˜ u~°QÆeÖ’ Ñ≤O_ç KÕã¨∞HÀ=@O KåÖÏ =∞Ozk. Wk =∞#
|∞∞+¨µÅ∞ =∞# HõOkOz# XHõ J^Œ∞ƒù`« ÑïHõ~°O. u~°∞QÆeÖ’ Ñ≤O_ç
ZÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨C_»∞ `å*ÏQÍ LOK«@"Õ∞QÍHõ u~°∞QÆe`À Ñ≤O_ç KÕ¿ã"åi â◊s~°O
ZO`À ™œHõ~°º=O`«OQÍ P~ÀQÆºOQÍ LO@∞Ok. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞, u~°QÆe
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å‰õΩ, "≥∂HÍe <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, #_»∞O<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, Éè∞í *ÏÅ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞,
"≥∞_»<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ LO_»=Ù. WOHÍ Éˇ¡_£„Ñ¨[~ü, _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ =O\˜q ~å<Õ~å=Ù.
Wk „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ x~åú~°} [iyOk. WOHÍ u~°QÆe Ü≥ÚHõ¯ qt+¨ì`«
U=∞O>Ë u~°QeÆ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ "åiH˜ XuÎ_ç á⁄@ìg∞^Œ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. KÕ`∞« Åg∞^Œ
HÍà◊§g∞^Œ HÍ^Œ∞ á⁄@ìg∞^Œ XuÎ_ç Ñ¨_»@O =Å¡ u~°QÆe LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ `«Å∞¡ÅH˜
„Ñ¨ã¨qOKÕ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ã≤*ËiÜ«∞<£ J=ã¨~°O LO_»^Œ∞. ã¨∞Y„Ñ¨ã¨=O
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. `«b¡ a_»¤ ˆH∆=∞OQÍ LO\Ï~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë á⁄@ì ÉèÏQÆOÖ’<Õ
`«Å∞¡ÅH˜ QÆ~ƒ° ãù O¨ z LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ JHõ¯_» XuÎ_ç Ñ¨_@» O=Å¡ á⁄@ìÉÏè QÆ=∞O`å
ãÖHÀK« "åºHÀKåÅ∞ [iy ã¨∞YOQÍ a_»¤#∞ „Ñ¨ã¨q™êÎ~°∞. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ =∞#
Ñ¨Ó~°fiÑ¨Ù `«Å∞¡Å∞ XH˘¯Hõ¯~°∞ 8 #∞O_ç 10 =∞Ok Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ #∞ „Ñ¨ãq¨ Oz<å ZÖÏO\˜
ÉÏ^èŒ ÖË‰õΩO_® Ç¨~ÚQÍ rqOKå~°∞. HÍ|\˜ì QÆ~°ƒù=u J~Ú# „ã‘ÎÅ∞ 6, 7
<≥ÅÅ∞ =KÕÛ=~°‰õΩ u~°∞QÆe LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«=K«∞Û#∞. JÑ¨C_»∞ "åiH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ï[
„Ñ¨ã¨=O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JÖÏ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ „Ñ¨ã¨=O ^•fi~å Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# a_»¤Å∞ ZO`À
P~ÀQÆºOQÍ LO\Ï~°∞, L`åûÇ¨ÏOQÍ LO\Ï~°∞. ã≤*ËiÜ«∞<£ KÕÜ«∞_»O=Å#
Ñ¨Ù>Ëìa_»¤Å∞ KåÖÏ~°HÍÅ J<å~ÀQÆº ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ`À LO\Ï~°∞. WOHÍ JkèHõ |~°∞=Ù
LO_ç ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å~°∞ YzÛ`«OQÍ |~°∞=Ù `«QÍæÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë ‰õÄ_® `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_®
u~°∞QÆe g∞‰õΩ ZO`À "Õ∞Å∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. HÍ|\˜ì, Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÅ∞ „ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z=Ô~·<å ã¨ˆ~
"åi P~ÀQÍºxfl áê_»∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜ "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`åxfl J#∞ãïOz
PÇ¨~åxfl `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ „Ñü~ÀE `«Ñ¨ÊxãïQÍ u~°∞QÆex
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«O_ç, „ã‘ÅÎ HÔ `· Õ 43 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~åfi`« =KÕÛ "≥∂<Àáê*ò ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ
#∞O_ç ‰õÄ_® ~°H˜∆ã¨∞ÎOk. D u~°∞QÆe "å_»HõO.
`«Å∞¡Å∞ – K≥Öˇ¡à◊§HÀãÖ
WÑ¨C_»∞ =¸_»= ã¨∂„`«O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. D =¸_»= ã¨∂„`«O `«Å∞¡Å‰õΩ,
K≥Öˇ¡à◊§ HÀãÖ gix 45–50 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~åfi`« <≥Åãï PyáÈ~Ú# `«~åfi`«
=KÕÛ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ âßâ◊fi`« Ñïëê¯~°O. J~Ú`Õ ÖË^Œ∞ ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë Ç¨~À‡<£û
q_»∞^ŒÅ PyáÈ~Ú# `«~åfi`« K≥Ü«∞ºQÆeˆQk Ug∞ LO_»^Œ∞. "å\˜x (Ç¨~À‡<£û)
|Ü«∞@#∞O_ç ‰õÄ_® JOkOK«ÖËO. J~Ú`Õ "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºÅ "å~°O\Ï~°∞ D
=∞ã¨ºÅ#∞ HõO„\’Öò =∂„`«O KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û#∞. g\˜x =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# ÑïHõ~åÅ∞
=∞# =O\Õ\’¡ =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ ÑïHõ~åÅ∞ Ju =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q. =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k XHõ\ ˜
u~°∞QÆe, Ô~O_»=k ã¨xflHõÅ∞¡, K≥\ ©flÅ∞, =∞™êÖÏÅ∞ #∂ˆ~ ÑïHõ~°O ã¨xflHõÅ∞¡.
nxx LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«@O =Å¡ ‰õÄ_® XuÎ_ç Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ á⁄@ìg∞^Œ<Õ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
HÍ|\˜ ì á⁄@ì É è Ï QÆ O ^Œ Q Æ æ ~ ° Hõ O _» ~ åÅ∞ ã¨ O HÀK« "åºHÀKåÅ∞ K« H õ ¯ QÍ
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O\Ï~Ú. JO^Œ∞=Å¡ „ã‘ÎÅ∞ 45 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~åfi`« ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ KåÖÏ
`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. HÍh =∞#O =∂„`«O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ q∞Oy
ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO_®Å#∞‰õΩO\ÏO. nx=Å¡ Ãã·_£ZÃÑ¶H±ì û Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO\Ï~Ú. =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O, WOHÍ (ÃÇÏKü.P~ü.\˜.) JO>Ë Ç¨~À‡<£
s¿Ñ¡ãπ `≥~°Ñ‘ J<Õ "≥·^ŒºO KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. nx=Å¡ =KÕÛ ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O
`«yæOK«@O. WHõ ^Õ=Ùx =Å¡‰õÄ_® HÍ^Œ∞, ^ŒÜ«∞KÕã≤ `«Å∞¡ÖÏ~å K≥Öˇ¡ÖÏ¡~å g∞~°∞
P~ÀQÆºOQÍ LO_®ÅO>Ë „Ñü~ÀE L^ŒÜ«∞O Ñ¨kxq∞ëêÅ∞ HõhãÖ u~°QÆex
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«O_ç. 10–15 xq∞ëêÅ∞ q∞Oz JHõ¯ˆ~¡^Œ∞ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç.
Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÖˇ·<å „ã‘ÎÖˇ·<å á⁄@ì `«QÍæÅO>Ë ~ÀE 15 #∞O_ç 20 x=ÚëêÅ∞
u~°QÆe ÖËHõ ã¨xflHõÅ∞¡ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«O_ç. JO`ÕHÍh U^≥·<å l"£∞Å‰õΩ "≥o§
á⁄@ì `«QÍæÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë =∂„`«O á⁄~°ÉÏ@∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë g∞~°∞ l"£∞‰õΩ "≥à◊§@O
=∂<Õ¿ãÎ =∞m§ g∞ á⁄@ì Ô~O_çO`«Å∞ =KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#H˜ l"£∞Ö’x q∞+¨<£û
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ¨xH˜~å=O>Ë. =∞#O LO@∞Ok L+¨Ñ‚ Ù¨ ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ WHõ¯_» "åÜ«Ú„Ñ¨HÀÑÖ
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. =∞#O <≥=∞‡kQÍ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ u~°∞QÆe, ã¨<fl≥ HõÅ∞¡ =O\˜q
=∞#‰õΩ K«Hõ¯QÍ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»`å~Ú. "ÕQÆOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ãÎ "åÜ«Ú=Ù „Ñ¨HÀÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk,
JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞# _®<£ûÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® Éèí~°`«<å@ºO, ‰õÄzÑ¨Ó_ç =O\˜q <≥=∞‡kQÍ
LO\Ï~Ú. Ü«¸~°Ñπ^ÕâßÖ’¡ "å`å=~°}O K«Å¡QÍ LO_»@O=Å# â◊s~°OÖ’
"åÜ«Ú=Ù `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ#∂, Ñ≤`«ÎO HõÑ¶Ö. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ#∂ LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞Hõx
"åi „ÑüÑ¨h "ÕQÆOQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok, _®<£û ‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ "ÕQÆOQÍ KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
nx=Å¡ "åÜ«Ú=Ù ÃÑiy Ñ≤`åÎxH˜, Hõá¶êxH˜ ã¨=∞OQÍ ~å"åe HÍ|\˜ì =∞#H˜
"å`«, Ñ≤`«Î=Ú, HõÑ¶¨=Ú ã¨=∞OQÍ LO_®ÅO>Ë =∞#O <≥=∞‡kQÍ LO_®e.
JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ =∞# Ñ¨Ósfi‰õΩÅ∞ Z_»¡|O_ç `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕâß~°∞. q=∂#OÖÏQÍ
"ÕQÆO`À "≥àı§^•xfl =∞#"å~°∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë "ÕQÆ=∞<Õk
"å`åxfl „Ñ¨HÀÑ≤OÑ¨KãÕ ∞¨ OÎ k. =∞#k L+¨‚ „áêO`«O Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#‰õΩ "å`«O „Ñ¨HÀÑ≤¿ãÎ
`˘O^Œ~°QÍ =∞~°}˜™êÎ=Ú. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ "≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ@ K«„HÍxfl HõxÃÑ\˜ì# =∞#
Ñ¨Ósfi‰õΩÅ∞ =∞# „áêO`åxH˜ ãïÑ¨_ÕÖÏ |O_ç `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤ ^•xfl ‰õÄ_®
Z_»¡KÕ ÖÏyOKÕ"å~°∞. Jq‰õÄ_® =∞#ÖÏˆQ "å`åxH˜ QÆ∞iHÍ‰õΩO_® <≥=∞‡kQÍ
#_ç K Õ q JO`« = ∂„`å# =∞#O "≥ # ∞Hõ | _ç # "å~° O HÍ^Œ ∞ . q=∂#O
"å_»∞`«∞#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ "å~°∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê"å~°∞ HÍ^Œ∞. "åi „áêO`åxH˜ Jk J=ã¨~°O.
=∞# „áêO`«O "å`å=~°}Ïxfl|\˜ì =∞#O KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<åflO. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ =∞#H˜ =∞ëêÖÏ
KÕã¨∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë ã¨<≥flHõÅ∞¡ "å_»@O =∞Ozk. g∞‰õΩ á⁄@ì `«QÍæÅ<åfl, Zã≤_ç\ ©
`«QÍæÅ<åfl qˆ~K«#O ™êÑ¶‘QÍ [~°QÍÅ<åfl, r~°‚"åº^èŒ∞Åhfl `«QÍæÅO>Ë g∞~°∞
~ÀE u~°QÆe "å_»∞HÀO_ç. WÖÏ =O\˜ÖË¡ "≥·^ŒºâßÅQÍ KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç.
WOH˘Hõ¯™êi =∞#O K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ#fl "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`åÅ#∞ ‰õΩ¡Ñ¨ÎOQÍ
K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO^•O. g\˜Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ã¨∂„`«O =∞#O =O_»∞‰õΩ<Õ PÇ¨~°O QÍe,
"≥Å∞`«∞~°∞ Ñ¨_ÕÖÏQÍ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. „ÃÑ+¨~ü‰õΩHõ¯~ü, "≥∞ÿ„HÀ"À"≥<£, „Ñ¶≤*ò ÖÏO\˜q
QÍe, "≥Å∞`«∞~°∂ „Ñ¨"ÕtOK«=Ù QÆ#∞Hõ Jq "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WHõ Ô~O_»=ã¨∂„`«O,
PÇ¨~° Ñ¨^•~åúxfl =O_ç# 48 xq∞ëêÅÖ’¿Ñ u<ÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. q∞QÆÅÛ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞,
=¸_»=ã¨∂„`«O =O@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ Ñ≤O_ç, â◊#QÆÑ≤O_ç, "≥ÚHõ¯*Á#fl Ñ≤O_ç,
*Á#flÅÑ≤O_ç =ÔQ·~å 7 ~ÀAÅÖ’¿Ñ =O_»∞HÀ"åe. QÀ^èŒ∞=∞Ñ≤O_ç J~Ú`Õ 15
~ÀAÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù =∂„`«"Õ∞ =O_»∞HÀ"åe. Wk u~°QÆe `≥K«∞Û‰õΩx =∞#"Õ∞ Ñ≤O_ç
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨C_Õ ™ê^èŒºÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
WHõ <åÅæ = ã¨ ∂ „`« O =∞x+≤ 60 ã¨ O =`« û ~åÅ =~° ‰ õ Ω âßs~° H õ
„â◊=∞KÕã¨∂ÎO_®e. `«~åfi`« #∞O_ç „Hõ=∞OQÍ q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀ=@O =∞Ozk.
S^Œ=ã¨∂„`«O =∞#O x=ã≤OKÕ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ JO>Ë Éè∫QÀoHõOQÍ "å`å=~°}
ã≤÷uQÆ`«∞Å#∞ J#∞ãïOz rqOKåe. =∞#k ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O, L+¨‚„Ñ¨^Õâ◊O. =∞#H˜
ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ "å`« „Ñ¨HÀÑÖ Ñ≤`«Î=Ú, HõÑ¶¨=Ú `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ,
WHõ¯_ç "åiH˜ 80 âß`«O "å`« ãÖ|Okè`« "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =™êÎ~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ
=∞#O k#K«~°ºÖ’ "å`«O ÃÑ~°QÆ‰õΩO_® KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. XHõ L^•Ç¨Ï~°} K«∂^•ÌO
^ŒÜ∞« KÕã≤ g∞‰õΩ U^≥<· å =∞#ã¨∞ <˘Ñ≤ÊOz #@¡~Ú`Õ Hõq∆ ∞OK«O_ç. =∞#O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
ÑïÔQuÎ`Õ "å`«O „Ñ¨HÀÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. D =∞^èŒº KåÖÏ=∞OkÖ’ JÅ"å@∞ „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl
ÑïQÔ `≥@Î O. Wk `«ÑC¨ . #_»=@O =∞Ozk, q∞ÖÏƒã≤OQ∑ J<Õ ~°#fl~ü ÖÏO\˜"åà◊√§
KåÖÏ z#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ "≥∂HÍà◊√§ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞@O =∂<Õâß~Ú. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
=∞# "å`å=~°}O ÑïÔQ`«Î\ÏxH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅO HÍ^Œ∞, K«Hõ¯QÍ #_»=O_ç,
ÑïQÔ `«HÎ Oõ _ç, JO^Œ∞Hˆ "åQÆƒ\ù ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ L+¨„‚ Ñ¨^âÕ O◊
"åÜ«Ú=Ù "Õ_çQÍ LO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì "å`«O ÃÑ~°QÆ‰õΩO_® K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe.
ÔH#_®, J"≥∞iHÍ ÖÏO\˜q HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨^Õâ◊O Hõ#∞Hõ "å~°∞ HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜
QÆ∞iHÍ‰õΩO_® K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. WÖÏ ZHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°}Ïxfl|\˜ì JHõ¯_ç "å~°∞
„Ñ¨=iÎ¿ã.Î „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«O âßOu=∞Ü«∞OQÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok. WHõ Ñ≤ÒÎ« ã¨~fi° ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ
ã¨=∞OQÍ<Õ LO@∞Ok. Wq =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# S^Œ∞ã¨∂„`åÅ∞.
WÑ¨C_»∞ g∞~°∞ U^≥·<å ãÖ^ÕÇ¨Å∞ LO>Ë J_çy `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£nH˜∆`ü QÍ~°∂ ™ÈÖÏ~ü ‰õΩHõ¯~ü J~Ú`Õ ZO`«=~°‰õΩ
LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆHõ~°O.
["å|∞ : KåÖÏ =∞Oz „Ñ¨â◊fl ™ÈÖÏ~ü ‰õΩHõ¯~üÖ’ ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
HÍ|\˜ì =∞Ozk. HÍh Jq `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕ¿ãk JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O`À J~Ú`Õ
=∞#‰õ Ω =^Œ ∞ Ì . W`« Î _ ç ÖË H õ , Hõ O K« ∞ `À ™ÈÖÏ~ü ‰õ Ω Hõ ¯ ~ü `« Ü « ∂ ~° ∞ KÕ ¿ ãÎ
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«=K«∞Û. Jq =∞Oz^Õ.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£nH˜∆`üQÍ~°∂ g∞~°∞ i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~üû, ‰õΩHõ¯~ü, QÆ∞iOz K≥áêÊ~°∞
=∞i U.ã≤. QÆ∞iOz K≥Ñ¨CÖË^Œ∞.
["å|∞ : =∞# „Ñ¨ãÖQÍÅ∞ WOHÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎHÍÖË^Œ∞. =ÚO^Œ∞ ~åÉ’Ü≥∂
ã¨∂„`åÅÖ’ ^•x QÆ∞iOz ‰õÄ_® =ã¨∞ÎOk.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£ÉèÏÜü∞ g∞~°∞ Ô~O_»= „Ñ¨â◊flÖ’ =O_ç# 48 xq∞ëêÅÖ’
PÇ¨~°O u#=∞<åfl~°∞. =∞i Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ∞ „á⁄^Œ∞<Ì flÕ ã¨∂¯ÖòH˜ "≥o§ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O =™êÎ~∞°
Hõ^• "åi Ñïã≤÷u UO\˜?
["å|∞ : g∞~°∞ WHõ¯_» XHõ JÅ"å@∞ KÕÜ«∞O_ç, Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl
Éè’[#OÃÑ\˜ì ã¨∂¯ÖòH˜ ÑÖÑ≤OK«O_ç. JÖÏ á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∞º~°∞
Hõ^• JO>Ë Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ~å„u Éè’[#O P¿ÑÜ«∞O_ç. ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 6 QÆO@ÅÖ’¿Ñ
PÇ¨~°O ÃÑ\˜ì ~å„uH˜ MÏmQÍ Ñ¨_»∞HÀÉˇ@ìO_ç, â◊s~° Ñ¨^Œúu (^èŒ~°‡O) „Ñ¨HÍ~°O
PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl `«~åfi`« ~Ô O_»∞ QÆO@Ö’¡ u#fl PÇ¨~°O ~°ãO¨ QÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok.
JÑ¨C_»∞ Éˇ¡_£„ÃÑ+¨~ü ^•#O`«@ J^Õ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O@∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ YzÛ`«OQÍ
x„^Œ=ã¨∞ÎOk HÍ|\˜ì g∞~°∞ ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 6 QÆO@Å HõÖÏ¡ Éè’[#O ÃÑ_ç`Õ
"åiH˜ ~å„u 8, 9 QÆO@ÅHõÖÏ¡ x„^Œ=KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk. WHõ „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl x„^ŒÖË=QÍ<Õ
K«Hõ¯\˜ PHõe LO@∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ g∞~°∞ Éè’[#OÃÑ\˜ì ã¨∂¯ÖòH˜ ÑÖÑ≤OK«O_ç.
D =∂~°∞Ê KÕÜ«∞O_ç. JO`ÕQÍh Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ~å„u 9 ÖËHõ 10 QÆO@Å‰õΩ Éè’[#O
ÃÑ_ç`Õ Jk Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ r~°‚=∞=\ÏxH˜ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 8 QÆO@Å‰õΩ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. JO>Ë
á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl 7, 8 J=Ù`«∞Ok. WHõ "å~°∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl Éè’[#O ZÖÏ KÕ™êÎ~°∞. Hõ#∞Hõ
g∞Ô~·<å Z=Ô~·<å ã¨ˆ~ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O 6 QÆO@ÅÖ’¿Ñ Éè’[#O =ÚyOK«O_ç. D
q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ *ˇ#· ã≤^•úO`åxfl J#∞ãïOK«O_ç. nxQÆ∞iOz `«~åfi`« ã¨∂„`åÅÖ’
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO^•O. L^ŒÜ«∞O PÇ¨~°O ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯= fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë JO`«
=∞Ozk ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë, L^ŒÜ∞« O ã¨∂~°º~°t‡Ö’ _ç.q@q∞<£ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok.
=∞#"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞ „Ñ¨Hõ$uÖ’ U rq‰õÄ_® ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∞O `«~åfi`« PÇ¨~°O
ã‘fiH˜iOK«^∞Œ . P=Ù‰õÄ_® (*ˇsû P=Ù HÍ^Œ∞) HÍ|\˜ì ÉèÏ~°`*« ÏuH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#
P=Ù ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∞O `«~åfi`« PÇ¨~°O ã‘fiHõiOK«^Œ∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ¨ÙÎ#fl „Ñ¨HÍ~°"≥∞ÿ`Õ =∂~°∞Ê =∞Ozk HÍ^ŒO\Ï~å ÖËHõ
Z@∞=O\˜ =∂~°∞Ê =∞Ozk.
["å|∞ : K«∂_»O_ç Ö’HõOÖ’ „ÑüHõ∆}O =∂~°∞Ê [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O@∞Ok. Jk
„Ñ¨Hõ$u ã¨Ç¨Ï[O J~Ú`Õ "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºx ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O =∞#O rqOKÕ
Ñïã≤÷uÖ’ HõeˆQ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«^Œy#"Õ HÍh "Õˆ~ Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’
(Éè∫QÀoHõOQÍ) [iˆQ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ q_»∞==Åã≤#"Õ. nxH˜ L^•Ç¨Ï~°} "≥Ú^Œ\’¡
=∞#‰õΩ u~°QÆe ÖË^Œ∞. `«~åfi`« u~°QÆe =zÛOk. JÖÏˆQ `«~åfi`« u~°QÆeH˜
ÉËiOQ∑ J=∞~°Û@O [iyOk. Wk =∞# "å`å=~°}ÏxH˜ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ Õ =∂~°∞Ê.
W^Õ =∞#O Ü«¸~°Ñπ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ K≥Ñ¨Ê=Åã≤=¿ãÎ "åiH˜, i„Ñ¶≤[ˆ~@~üû "≥∞ÿ„HÀ"À"≥<£
ÖÏO\˜ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«=∞x K≥áêÊe. WHõ¯_» Jq J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œ∞. WOHÍ
=∞#O Z_»¡|O_çH˜ ‰õÄ_® ÉËiOQ∑ J=∞iÛ`Õ Z^Œ∞Ìg∞^Œ ÉèÏ~°O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
Z‰õΩ¯= |~°∞=Ù#∞ ÖÏQÆ∞`«∞Ok. Wk =∞# Ñï=~°Î# JO>Ë HÍ|\˜ì ZHõ¯_»
x=ã≤OKÕ"å~°∞. JHõ¯_» Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Åx J#∞ãïOK«@O JHõ¯_» ÑÖ_Õ PÇ¨~°
Ñ¨^•~å÷Å<Õ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«@O Jxflq^è•Å „âıÜ«∞ã¨¯~°O.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£QÍ~°∂ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞OÖ’ =O_»@O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ<åfl~°∞,
=∞i PÇ¨~°O áêi≈Öò KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ á¶ê~ÚÖò ‰õÄ_® JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O
#∞OKÕ Hõ^•.
["å|∞ : "Õ∞=Ú KåÖÏ ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ Ñïâ’kèOKå=Ú, JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O
U=∂„`«O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞, PÇ¨~°O áêºH± K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨ÅÛ\˜ =„ã¨ÎO
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«@O KåÖÏ =∞Ozk.
h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#O

WÑ¨Ê\˜=~°‰Ωõ =∞#O K«iÛOK«∞‰õΩ#flk JëêìOQÆ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ∞« OÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\É˜ Ïè QÆO.
WHõ¯_» #∞O_ç <Õ~°∞QÍ â◊s~°O QÆ∞iOz K«∂^•ÌO. "åQÆƒù@∞x =∂@ UO@O>Ë
D=∂#= â◊s~°O Z<Àfl [#‡Å Ñ¨Ù}ºÑ¶¨ÅOQÍ =∞#‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk. D =∂#=
â◊s~°O`À<Õ "≥∂H∆Íxfl á⁄O^ŒQÆÅO. WHõ U [O`«∞=Ù „H˜q∞H©@HÍÅ â◊s~°OÖ’
‰õÄ_® á⁄O^ŒÖËx "≥∂H∆Íxfl XHõ¯ =∂#= â◊s~°OÖ’ =∂„`«"Õ∞ á⁄O^ŒQÆÅO.
Jã¨Å∞ "≥∂HõO∆ JO>Ë Uq∞\˜? =∞#O ã¨ÇÏ¨ [OQÍ Z<Àfl qx =ÙO\ÏO, "≥∂H∆ÍxH˜
x~°fiK«<åÅ∞. "åQÆƒ\ù ÏKå~°∞ºxH˜ x~°fiK«#O. Uq∞@O>Ë, =∂#=Ù_»∞, „ã‘Î J~Ú<å
Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µ_»∞ J~Ú<å, `å#∞ ^Œ∞óYO #∞O_ç q_ç=_ç W`«~°∞Å#∞ ^Œ∞óYO #∞O_ç
q_çÑ_¨ ÖÕ Ï „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flO KÕÜ∞« @O WO^Œ∞Ö’ ã¨Ñb¨¶ Hõ$`«∞_»∞ J~Ú<å J=fiHõáÈ~Ú<å
z`«Îâ◊√kú`À „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕ¿ã"å_»∞. "åxH˜ "≥∂Hõ∆O Åaèã¨∞ÎOk JO\Ï~°∞. Jã¨Å∞
^Œ∞óYO JO>Ë Uq∞\˜ „Ñü XHõ¯iH© =¸_»∞~°HÍÅ ^Œ∞óMÏÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k, âßs~°Hõ ^Œ∞óYO. Ô~O_»=k ^≥·qHõ ^Œ∞óYO JO>Ë L#fl@∞ìO_ç. g∞~°∞
c^Œ"å~°∞ J~ÚáÈ=@O, „Ñ¨=∂^•Å∞ ãÖÉèíqOK«@O, `«∞á¶ê<£Å∞, ã¨∞<åg∞Å∞
=O\˜q ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x #∞O_ç =KÕÛq WHõ =¸_»= ^Œ∞óYO Éè∫uHõ ^Œ∞óYO.
=∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ZO^Œ~À ™ê^è∞Œ =ÙÅ∞ ãÖ`üÅ∞, XO@iQÍ "≥o§ `«Ñã¨ ∞¨ û KÕã∞¨ OÎ \Ï~°∞.
Jq "åi ^Œ∞óYO #∞O_ç q_çÑ¨_»\ÏxH˜ `«~åfi`« "å~°∞ ã¨=∂[OÖ’H˜ =zÛ
[#∞Å ^Œ∞óMÏxfl `˘ÅyOK«\ÏxH˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO KÕÜ«∞HõáÈ`Õ "åiH˜ "≥∂Hõ∆O~å^Œ∞.
WHõ QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞÷_»∞ ‰õÄ_® W`«~°∞Å ^Œ∞óMÏxfl ^Œ∂~°O KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ_»∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë P
^Œ∞óMÏÅx `å#∞ ‰õÄ_® J#∞ÉèíqOKå_»∞ Hõ#∞Hõ. nxfl|\˜ì "åQÆƒù@∞x „Ñ¨HÍ~°O
QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞÷_»∞ ã¨`ü QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞÷_»∞ KåÖÏ L`«Î=Ú_»∞.
WHõ¯_» Jxfl\˜Hõ<åfl =ÚYºOQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤#k âßs~°Hõ ^Œ∞óYO
QÆ∞iOz, D âßs~°Hõ ^Œ∞óMÏxH˜ „Ñ¨^è•# HÍ~°}O Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù, á⁄@ìÉèÏQÆ=Ú
=∞#‰õΩ=KÕÛ âßs~°Hõ ^Œ∞óMÏÅÖ’ 90 âß`«O á⁄@ì=Å¡ =KÕÛq. 10 âß`«O
q∞ye# J=Ü« ∞ "åÅ=Å¡ =KÕ Û q JO>Ë , "≥ ∂ HÍà◊ § =Å¡ , Éè í ∞ *ÏÅ=Å¡ ,
Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O=Å¡, "≥∞^Œ_»∞=Å¡ WÖÏO\˜q 10 âß`«O =∂„`«"Õ∞, q∞ye# 90
âß`«O ~ÀQÍÅ∞ á⁄@ì=ÖË¡ =ã¨∞Î#flq. Ü«∂H˜û_≥O\ò, „Éˇ·<£ ¿ÇÏ=∞ˆ~*ò, Ç¨~üìZ\ÏH±
WÖÏO\˜q ‰õÄ_® HõeÑ≤ 10 âß`«O Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞. 90 âß`«O á⁄@ì=Å¡ =KÕÛq.
HÍ|\˜ì =∞#O Jxfl ~ÀQÍÅH˜ zH˜`û« HõO>Ë ~ÀQÍÅ ÉÏi# Ñ¨_‰» Ωõ O_® LO_»@"Õ∞
ZO`À „Ñ¨^•è #=Ú JO\Ï~°∞. "åQÆƒ\ù ÏKå~°∞º_»∞. Hõ#∞Hõ WÑ¨C_»∞ K≥¿ÑÊ ã¨∂„`åÅx
*Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ QÆ=∞x^•ÌO. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ q+¨Ü«∞O, =∞#O u#fl PÇ¨~°O á⁄@ìÖ’
ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ r~°‚O J=fi@O. Wk KåÖÏ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë PÇ¨~°O
á⁄@ìÖ’ r~°‚O J~Ú# `«~åfi`«<Õ, Jk ~°ãÖQÍ =∂i, =∂OãÖ, =∞[˚ ~°HõÎ=Ú,
g~°º=Ú, "Õ∞^Œ, =∞ÅO, =¸„`«=Ú WÖÏ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. =∞# â◊s~åxfl
xÅÉˇ_`» å~Ú. HÍ|\ì̃ u#_»O ZO`« „Ñ¨^•è #"≥∂ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ r~°=‚ ∞=@O JO`«
„Ñ¨^è•#=Ú.
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ JO\Ï~°∞. ''Éè’[<åO`Õ q+Ö "ås—— nx J~°÷O Éè’[#O
KÕã≤# "≥O@<Õ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O Wk ã¨∂„`«=Ú JO>Ë Éè’[#O z=~° h~°∞
„`åQÆ@O q+Ö`À ã¨=∂#=Ú Jx WOHÍ q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
â◊s~°OÖ’ =ÚYºÉèÏQÆO á⁄@ì, á⁄@ì ÉèÏQÆO Ö’Ñë™ê÷#O [~î°~åyfl. JO>Ë
r~å‚â◊Ü«∞O =∞#O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PÇ¨~°O "≥Ú^Œ@ r~å‚â◊Ü«∂xH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok.
JHõ¯_» Jyfl „Ñ¨nÑ¨Î=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. P Jyfl u#fl PÇ¨~åxfl Ñ¨K«#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Wk
„Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ# q+¨Ü«∞O. ZÖÏ JO>Ë ã≤fiKü "≥Ü«∞ºQÍ<Õ Öˇ·\ò ZÖÏ "≥Å∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À
=∞#O <À\’¡ "≥Ú^Œ\=˜ Ú^ŒÌ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀQÍ<Õ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO T~°∞`«∞Ok. ^•x`Àáê@∞QÍ
[~î~° ™° ê÷#OÖ’ Jyfl „Ñ¨[fieã¨∞OÎ k. PÇ¨~åxfl Ñ¨K#« O KÕã∞¨ OÎ k, W^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
=∞#O QÆ@QÆ\Ï hà◊√§ `åy`Õ U=∞ø`«∞Ok. [~î~° åyfl K«Å|¡ _»∞`«∞Ok. =∞O_»∞`«∞#fl
Hõ>ˇìg∞^Œ hà◊√§áÈ¿ãÎ PiáÈ`«∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ =∞#O Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ Jyfl
Ñ¨Ù_»∞`«∞O@∞Ok. J^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∞#O hà◊√§ `åy`Õ, H˘O^ŒÔ~·`Õ Ö’\ÏÅ`À
h~°∞„`åˆQ™êÎ~°∞. J#flOHõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞`åˆQ"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® L<åfl~°∞. JÖÏ
"≥o§# h~°∞ Jyflx K«Å¡|~°∞™êÎ~Ú. WHõ u#fl Éè’[#O J~°QÆ^Œ∞. Jk
‰õΩo§áÈ`«∞Ok. J^Õ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ã¨=∞ã¨º QÍºãπ„@|∞Öò, nx=Å¡ Q˘O`«∞Ö’ =∞O@
KèåfÖ’ =∞O@, QÆ∞O_≥Ö’ =∞O@, WOHÍ D ‰õΩo§# PÇ¨~°O #∞O_ç =zÛ#
QÍºãπ P q+¨"åÜ«Ú=Ù â◊s~°=∞O`«\Ï "åºÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. nxfl HõO„\’Öò K≥Ü«∞º@O
Hõ+¨ìO. WÖÏ `«Ü«∂Ô~·# "åÜ«Ú=Ù=Å¡ 103 ~ÀQÍÅ∞ =™êÎÜ«∞x K≥áêÊ~°∞.
"åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞ºÅ∞ "å\˜Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k Zã≤_ç\ ©, ÃÇ·ÏÑ¨~ü Zã≤_ç\ ©, JÅû~ü, ÃÑÑ≤ìH±
JÅû~ü, WOHÍ WÖÏˆQ Z‰õΩ¯=HÍÅO áê@∞ J#∞ãï¿ãÎ P~°≈ "≥ÚÅÅ∞, =¸Å"åºkè,
ÉèíQÆO^Œ~° ~ÀQÆ=Ú WÖÏ K«∂ã¨∂ÎáÈ`Õ z=~°QÍ =KÕÛk HÍº#û~ü (Hõ~å¯@Hõ ~ÀQÆO)
=∞#O u#fl PÇ¨~°O r~°O‚ HÍ‰õΩO_® h~°∞„`åQÆ@O=Å¡ P PÇ¨~°O‰õΩo§ ^•x=Å¡
=zÛ# "åÜ«Ú=Ù =Å¡ =KÕÛ "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ 103. WOHÍ P ‰õΩo§# PÇ¨~°O =Å¡
=KÕÛk H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò x*ÏxH˜ PÇ¨~°O á⁄@ìÖ’ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ r~°"‚ ∞≥ `ÿ Õ K≥_∞» H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò
Jã¨Å∞ LO_»^Œ∞.
=∞#O `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# q+¨Ü«∞O â◊s~°OÖ’ Ô~O_»∞~°HÍÅ H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò
LO\Ï~Ú. Jq =∞Oz H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò H.D.L. JO\Ï~°∞. K≥_»∞ H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò JO>Ë
L.D.L. WOHÍ V.L.D.L. Jx JO\Ï~°∞. D K≥_»∞ H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò Éè’[#O
‰õΩo§#Ñ¨C_»∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ `«Ü∂« ~°=Ù`«∞Ok. nx=Å¡ Ç¨~üì Z\ÏH± =ã¨∞OÎ k. "≥∂HÍà◊§
<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. WÖÏ J<ÕHõO HÍ|\˜ì Éè’[#O KÕã≤# "≥O@<Õ h~°∞
„`åQÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞, Wk „Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ# ã¨∂„`«=Ú.
JÖÏÔQ`· Õ =∞Ozhà◊√§ ZÑ¨C_»∞ „`åQÍe, nxH˜ "åQÆƒ@ ù ∞Å∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ # ã¨∂„`«O
HõhãÖ QÆO@#fl~° `«~åfi`« hà◊√§ „`åQÆO_ç. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë u#fl PÇ¨~°O
[~î°~°™ê÷#OÖ’ QÆO@#fl~° =~°‰õΩ Jyfl„Ñ¨nÑ¨"≥∞ÿ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ Éè’[#O
KÕã#≤ XHõ\#˜ fl~° QÆO@ `«~åfi`« hà◊√§„`åy`Õ PÇ¨~°O ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ r~°=‚ ∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
=∞i Éè’[<åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍh, =∞^èŒºÖ’QÍh h~°∞ „`åQÆ=KåÛ JO>Ë
"åQÆƒ@ù ∞ÅO\Ï~°∞ Éè’[<åxH˜ XHõ QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ `ÿ Õ
=∞i Éè’[#O =∞^èºŒ Ö’ h~°∞ „`åQÍÅxÑ≤¿ã,Î nxH˜ "åQÆƒ@ù ∞Å∞ ZO`À "≥*· Ï˝xHõ"∞≥ #ÿ
ã¨∂„`«O K≥áêÊ~°∞. Jk UO@O>Ë =∞#O u<Õ PÇ¨~°OÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ J#fl=Ú
LO>Ë, JO>Ë XHõ\ ˜ QÀ^èŒ∞=∞Å`À KÕã≤# ~˘>ˇì, Ô~O_»=k =i`À KÕã≤# J#flO.
WÖÏ Ô~O_»∞ ~°Hõ=ÚÅ J#flO LO>Ë WÑ¨Ê\’¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok WÖÏˆQ
uO@∞<åfl~°∞. HÍ|\˜ì "åiHÀãÖ K≥Ñ¨Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ J#flO Ñ¨ÓiÎKÕã≤
Ô~O_»=~°HõO J#flO "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ>Ëì =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ HÍãÎ̈ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. HÍã¨Î JO>Ë
Ô~O_»∞ ÖËHõ =¸_»∞ QÆ∞@HõÅ∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. WHõ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ Éè’[#O =ÚyOKÕ
=~°‰õΩ h~°∞ „`åQÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Éè’[#O =ÚyOKåHõ g∞Q˘O`«∞ ™êÑ¶‘QÍ LOK«\ÏxH˜
Ô~O_»∞ QÆ∞@HõÅ∞ h~°∞„`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. ˆH=ÅO Q˘O`«∞ â◊√kúHÀã¨"Õ∞. =∞i h~°∞
HÍ‰õΩO_® =∞ˆ~^≥<· å fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û<å JO>Ë, =∞l˚QÆ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. nxH˜ =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞
`«„Hõ=Ú JO>Ë ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ zeH˜ "≥#flfã≤"ãÕ #≤ `«~åfi`« q∞yÖËk =∞l˚QÆ Éè’[#O
`«~åfi`« fã¨∞HÀ`«y# L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#k =∞l˚QÆ. Ô~O_»= L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¨^•~°úO áêÅ∞,
=¸_»= L`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ Ñ¨^•~°Oú Ñ¨à§◊ ~°™êÅ∞. PÜ«∂ |∞∞`«∞=ÙÖ’¡=KÕÛ Ñ¨à§◊ ~°™êÅ∞
=∂„`«"Õ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. P |∞∞`«∞=ÙH˜ q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ#q HÀÖòì™Èìˆ~*òÖ’ xÅ∞=
#∞Oz `≥zÛ#q =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞ Ñ¨~°=∞q+Ö.
ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ =∞# â◊s~° ^èŒ~å‡xfl J#∞ãïOz D „Ñ¨Hõ$ux ã¨$+≤ìOKå_»∞.
Hõ#∞Hõ „Ñ¨Hõ$ux J#∞ãïOz ZÑ¨C_»∞ U ÑÖ_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Åaèã¨∞ÎO^À P
ÑÖ_»∞ ~°ãÖ =∂„`«"Õ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WHõ¯_» =∞~À =ÚYº q+¨Ü«∞O =∞l˚QÆ
ZÅ¡Ñ¨C_»∂ =∞^è•ºÇ¨Ïfl Éè’[<å#O`«~°"Õ∞ „`åQÍe. =∞i áêÅ∞ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O
Éè’[<å#O`«~°"Õ∞ „`åQÍe. JÖÏˆQ Ñ¨à◊§~°™êÅ∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O Éè’[<å#O`«~°O
=∂„`«"Õ∞ „`åQÍe. D „Hõ=∂xfl =ÚO^Œ∞ "≥#∞HõÅ∞QÍ K≥Ü«∞º=^Œ∞Ì JO\Ï~°∞
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë PÜ«∂ ã¨=∞Ü«∂Ö’¡ =∂„`«"Õ∞ PÜ«∂~°™êÅ#∞ Ñ¨K«#O
KÕ¿ã ZO*ˇ·"£∞û P â◊H˜Î =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ WHõ =∞#O
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# =∞~˘Hõ ã¨∂„`«O h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O QÆ∞iOz. H˘O^ŒÔ~·`Õ Ö’\Ïx
<À\˜H˜ HõiÑ≤OK«∞‰õΩx QÆ@QÆ\Ï h~°∞„`åˆQ™êÎ~°∞. Wk U=∂„`«O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#O QÆ∞@Hõ QÆ∞@HõQÍ `åQÍe. XH˘¯Hõ¯ QÆ∞@Hõ <À\˜Ö’
xOÑ¨Ù‰õΩO@∂ K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î „`åQÍe. Wk h~°∞„`åˆQ ãïÜ≥ÿ∞# q^è•#O. =∞#O
"Õ_ç "Õ_ç áêÅ∞ „`åQÆ∞`åO Hõ^• JÖÏˆQ h\˜x „`åQÍe. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë <À\˜Ö’
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO (H∆Í~°O) `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’ P=∂¡Å∞ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú.
Wq ~Ô O_»∂ Hõe¿ãÎ #∂º„@Öò J=Ù`å~Ú. WÖÏ Z=i Hõ_∞» Ñ¨Ù ÉèÏQÆO #∂º„@ÖòQÍ
LO@∞O^À "åi PÜ«Ú~åúÜ∞« O #∂~°∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ LO@∞Ok. HÍ|\ì̃ =∞#O
h\˜x QÆ∞@Hõ QÆ∞@Hõ K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î „`åy`Õ <À\˜Ö’ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO`À Hõeã≤ á⁄@ìÖ’H˜
KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’x P=∂¡Å`À Hõeã≤ #∂º„@Öò J=Ù`«∞Ok. J^Õ h\˜x
QÆ@QÆ\Ï `åy`Õ <À\˜Ö’x ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO á⁄@ìÖ’H˜ KÕ~°^Œ∞, Jã¨Å∞ <À\˜Ö’
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞ºk á⁄@ìÖ’H˜ "≥à◊§\ÏxH˜ Ö’Ñë P=∂¡Åx âßOuOÑ¨
K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxˆH.
JO^Œ∞ˆH "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ JO\Ï~°∞ h\˜x g∞~°∞ K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î „`åy`Õ Z‰õΩ¯=
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. ^•x=Å¡ P=∂¡Å∞ #∂º„@Öò J=Ù`å~Ú.
JÑ¨C_»∞ =∞#O rq`åO`«O U ~ÀQÍÅ ÉèÏiÑ¨_»‰õΩO_® P~ÀQÆºOQÍ
rqOK«=K«∞Û#∞. =∞#"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞ [O`«∞=ÙÅ#∞ QÆ=∞x¿ãÎ ‰õÄ_® D q+¨Ü«∞O
=∞iO`« J~°÷=∞ø`«∞Ok. Ñ≤K«∞ÛHõx K«∂_»O_ç h\˜x K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î XH˘¯Hõ¯ QÆ∞@HõQÍ
„`åQÆ∞`«∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ ‰õΩHõ¯Å∞, WOHÍ =∞ixfl [O`«∞=ÙÅ∞ D xÜ«∞=∂<Õfl
J#∞ãï™êÎ~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ Jq ZÖÏO\˜ QÆ∞O_≥ [|∞ƒÅ∞ HÍh =∞^èŒ∞"Õ∞Ç¨ÏO
JkèHõ |~°∞=Ù =O\˜ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ "å\˜H˜ LO_»=Ù. Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#O ‰õÄ_® h\˜x
K«ÑÊ¨ iã¨∂Î „`åQÆ∞^•O. WOHÍ =∞# <À\˜Ö’x ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO XHõ "≥∞_çã<¨ £ ZÖÏQÆO>Ë
g∞~°∞ QÆ=∞xOKÕ LO\Ï~°∞. U^≥·<å [O`«∞=ÙH˜ ^≥|ƒ `«ye`Õ Jk P ^≥|ƒ
`«ye# KÀ@ <å‰õΩ`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO XHõ "≥∞_çã¨<£,
Z=Ô~·`Õ ÖÏÖÏ[O Ö’xH˜ fã¨∞HÀ~À "å~°∞ ^Œ∞~°^Œ$+¨ì=O`«∞Å∞. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜
QÆ∞\Ï¯Å∞ u<Õ"å~°∞, "å~°∞ `«~°K«∂ L=Ú‡`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. x*ÏxH˜ ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞
D ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl `«Ü«∂~°∞ K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ ÅHõ∆„QÆO^äŒ∞Åx xÜ«∞q∞OKå_»∞. =∞#O
P~ÀQÆºOQÍ rqOK«\ÏxH˜ HÍh H˘O^Œˆ~"≥∂, D QÆ∞\Ï¯Å∞, =∂"ÀÅ∞ =O\˜q
ux J^Õ Ñ¨xQÍ L"Õ∞‡ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞. x*ÏxH˜ =∞#O Lq∞‡ "ÕÜ«∞=Åã≤#
ã¨=∞Ü«∞O, HõÑ¶Ö =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞.
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO
WHõ rq`«OÖ’ ZÑ¨C_»∂ Lq∞‡ "ÕÜ∞« ‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . =∞i `åO|∂ÅO "Õã∞¨ ‰õΩO>Ë
J<Õ ãÖ^ÕÇ¨ÏO ~å=K«∞Û. =∞#O `åO|∂ÅOÖ’ HÍK«∞ J<Õk "≥Ü«∞º‰õΩO>Ë WHõ
`åO|∂ÖÏxfl Lq∞‡ "ÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# J=ã¨~°OÖË^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ `åO|∂ÅOÖ’
HÍK«∞ "≥Ü«∞º‰õΩO_® uO>Ë g∞‰õΩ `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ, ã¨∞#flO Ô~O_»∂ g∞‰õΩ "Õ∞Å∞
KÕ¿ãqÜÕ∞. `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ, HõÑ=¨¶ Ú#∞ Ñ≤`=Î« Ú#∞ <åâ◊#O KÕã∞¨ OÎ k, ã¨∞#flO "å`åxfl
<åâ◊#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Hõ#∞Hõ `åO|∂ÅO rq`åO`«O "Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WHõ
=∞~Àã¨∂„`«O h\˜x ZÑ¨C_»∂ K«ÅQ¡ Í „`åQÆ‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’x
L+¨‚O`À ã¨=∂#OQÍ LO_ÕÖÏ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe, JO>Ë â◊s~°OÜ≥ÚHõ¯ LëÈ‚„QÆ`«
37 _ç„wÅ∞ JÖÏ h\˜x ‰õÄ_® 37 _ç„wÅ LëÈ‚„QÆ`«`À fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë P h~°∞
QÀ~°∞ =K≥ÛQÍ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#O ZÑ¨C_»∂ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h\˜<Õ „`åQÍe.
„Ñ¶≤*ò h\˜x, Sãπ =ÚHõ¯Å∞ "Õã≤# h\˜x „`åQÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë K«Å¡x
h~° ∞ á⁄@ì Ö ’H˜ "≥ o § á⁄@ì x K« Å ¡ | ~° ∞ ã¨ ∞ Î O k. ^•x=Å¡ â◊ s ~° = ∞O`å
K«Å¡|_»∞`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë â◊s~°OÖ’ Jxfl ÉèÏQÍÅ‰õΩ á⁄@ì`À ãÖ|O^èŒO
LO@∞Ok Hõ#∞Hõ. nx=Å¡ Ç¨~üì, H˜_ôflÅ∞ Jhfl K«Å¡|_»`å~Ú. Wk ZO`«
„Ñ¨=∂^Œ"∂≥ Hõ^•. JO^Œ∞Hˆ K«Åx¡ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ á⁄@ì P h\©x "Õ_Kç ¿Õ ã „Ñ¨Ü∞« `«flO
KÕã¨∞ÎOk. nx=Å¡ â◊s~°OÖ’x ~°HõÎ=∞O`å á⁄@ìÉèÏQÍxH˜ KÕi q∞ye#
J=Ü«∞"åÅH˜ ~°HõÎO ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~å `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. WÖÏ `«~°K«∂ K«Å¡x h\˜x
„`åQÆ@O=Å# J=Ü«∞"åÅxfl\˜H© JO>Ë QÆ∞O_≥H©, "≥∞^Œ_»∞H˜ KÕ~°=Åã≤# ~°HõÎO
ãïQÍ KÕ~°HõáÈ=@O=Å# „Éˇ·<£¿ÇÏ=∞ˆ~*ò, ¿Ñ~åÅã≤ãπ, QÆ∞O_≥áÈ@∞ =O\˜
„Ñ¨=∂^•Å∞ [~°∞QÆ=K«∞Û#∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#O K«Å¡x h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O =∂<Õ^•ÌO.
WOHÍ H˘O`«=∞Ok WÖÏ K«Åx¡ h\˜x „`åQÆ@O=Å# qˆ~K«#O ™êÑ¶Q‘ Í J=fi^Œ∞.
g~°∞ \ÏÜü∞Öˇ\òÖ’ QÆO@ÅH˘nÌ rqã¨∂ÎO\Ï~°∞. gi ã¨=∞ã¨º =∞Å|^ŒúHõO Wk
=∞Ç¨ÉèÜí ∞« OHõ~O° Hõ#∞Hõ, „Ñ¶*≤ òÖ’ h~°∞ „Ñ¶*≤ òÖ’x =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀHõO_ç, Sãπ„H©"∞£ û
=O\˜ K«Åx¡ Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞ u#_»O =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞. WOHÍ ÃÑo§Éè’[<åÅ∞ =O\˜KÀ@
"Õ_"ç _Õ ç Éè’[#O ÃÑ_»`å~°∞. z=iH˜ K«Å\¡ ˜ Sãπ„H©"∞£ W™êÎ~∞° . Wk =∞Ç¨„‰õÄ~°ÑÙ¨
K«~°º. WÖÏ ZÑ¨C_»∂ K≥Ü«∞ºHõO_ç.
=∞~˘Hõã¨∂„`«O L^ŒÜ«∞O x„^ŒÖË=QÍ<Õ h\˜x „`åQÍe. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒO
J#∞Éèí=O L#fl"å~°∞ nx<Õ L+¨óáê#O JO\Ï~°∞. Ñ¨à◊√§ `À=ÚHÀHõ=ÚO^Õ
h\˜x „`åQÆ@O, Ñ¨ÙH˜¯eOK«‰õΩO_®<Õ h\˜x „`åQÆ@O. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ~å„u
x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ â◊s~°OÖ’x „H˜Ü«∞Å∞ KåÖÏ=~°‰õΩ PyáÈ`å~Ú. HÍh
<À\˜Ö’ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO L`«ÊuÎ KÕ¿ã„H˜Ü∞« =∂„`«O Z‰õΩ¯= PQÆ^∞Œ . JÖÏ `«Ü∂« ~°~Ú#
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO <À\˜Ö’<Õ JHõ¯_»Hõ¯_» xez LO@∞Ok. Jk‰õÄ_® Ö’ÑëH˜
"≥à◊§=Åã≤# J=ã¨~°O ZO`≥·<å L#flk. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë `≥Å¡"å~°∞*Ï=Ú# JO>Ë
„|Ç¨Ï‡=ÚÇ¨˙~°OÎ Ö’ `«Ü∂« ~°Ü∞Õ º ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO ZO`À qÅ∞"≥#· k. HÍ|\ì̃ =∞#O
x„^ŒÖË=QÍ<Õ h\˜x Ñ¨ÙH˜¯eOz TÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ h\˜x „`åQÍe. nx<Õ L+¨ó
áê#O JO\Ï~°∞. J~Ú`Õ ZO`« h\˜x „`åQÍe JO>Ë 18 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù
"å~°∞ JÖÏˆQ 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÃÑ·#"å~°∞ =ÚáêÊ=Ù b@~°∞ h\˜x `å=Öˇ#∞.
=∞i 18 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù"å~°∞ XHõ\ ˜#fl~° b@~°∞
h~°∞ „`åQÆ=Öˇ#∞. WHõ ZÖÏ„`åQÍÖ’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
QÆ∞@Hõ `«~åfi`« QÆ∞@Hõ K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î „`åQÍe. WHõ¯_» =∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O,
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ „|Ç¨Ï‡=ÚÇ¨˙~°ÎOÖ’ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ qt+¨ì`« =∂
Ñïâ’^èŒ#Ö’ `Õe#^Õ=∞O>Ë _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ ~ÀQÆ∞Å‰õΩ U^≥·<å ^≥|ƒ`«ye`Õ `«fi~°QÍ
`«QÆæ^Œ∞. JÖÏO\˜ ~ÀQÆ∞Å‰õΩ ‰õΩ~°∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ =zÛ Ñ¨ÙO_»∞Ñ¨_ç L#fl"åiH˜ L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO PÑ¨ÙO_»∞ g∞^Œ ~å~ÚOz K«∂¿ãÎ 15 #∞O_ç 20 ~ÀAÅÖ’ Pâ◊Û~°ºO
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ #Ü«∞=∞~Ú#q. Wk x[O, WOH˘Hõ Ñïâ’^èŒ# D ~ÀAÖ’¡ z#fl
Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ‰õΩ Hõà§◊ ^•Å∞ =ã¨∞<Î åfl~Ú. H˘O`«=∞Ok z#fl Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ‰õΩ K≥áêÊO L^ŒÜ∂« <Õ
x„^ŒÖË=O_ç. ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl HõO\˜Ö’ HÍ@∞HõÖÏQÍ „"åÜ«∞=∞x K≥áêÊO JÖÏ
KÕ¿ãÎ H˘kÌ~ÀAÖ’¡ "åiH˜ Hõà§◊ ^•ÌÅ∞ J=ã¨~O° ÖË‰Ωõ O_® áÈÜ«∂~Ú. g∞Ö’‰õÄ_®
HõO\˜ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ L#fl"å~°∞ WÖÏKÕã≤ K«∂_»=K«∞Û#∞. Ñ≤Å¡ÅÔH·`Õ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ
Ñ¶e¨ `«O Hõ#|_»∞`«∞Ok. ÃÑ^Œ"Ì åiÔH`· Õ H˘kÌ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok HÍh YzÛ`«OQÍ
Hõà◊§*’_»∞ J=ã¨~°O ÖË‰õΩO_® áÈ=_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ HõO\˜H˜
ãÖ|OkèOz# U ã¨=∞ã¨º J~Ú<å D „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÍxfl KÕã≤ x"å~°} á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û#∞.
Jã¨Å∞ D ÖÏÖÏ[ÅOÖ’ Uq∞ L#flk Jx âß„ã¨ÎA˝Åx J_çy`Õ
"å~°O\Ï~°∞ =∞# =∞\˜ìÖ’ Zxfl~°HÍÅ (Ü«∂H˜ì"£ W<£„w_çÜ«∞<£û) áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞
L<åflÜ≥∂ Jxfl~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅOÖ’ L#flq. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#O
=∞#<À\˜Ö’x ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl =º~°úO KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Jk =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ ZO`À
"Õ∞Å∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. WOHÍ ZÖÏQÆO>Ë =∞#H˜ â◊s~°Og∞^Œ ZÑ¨C_≥·<å HÍe# QÍÜ«∞O
U~°Ê_ç`Õ JHõ¯_» g∞~°∞ g∞ ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl „Ñü~ÀE ~åÜ«∞O_ç. H˘kÌ <≥ÅÖ’¡<Õ
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ #Ü«∞=∞ø`«∞Ok. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞, g∞ â◊s~°OÃÑ·# U^≥·<å `≥Å¡=∞K«ÛÅ∞ ÖËHõ
#Å¡=∞K«ÛÅ∞ WOHÍ f„="≥∞ÿ# K«~°‡~ÀQÆO Zy˚=∂=O\˜"≥·<å PKÀ@ WÖÏ
ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl ~åÜ«∞O_ç. S^•~°∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡<Õ g∞~ÀQÆO #Ü«∞=∞ø`«∞Ok. WOHÍ
^•~°∞}"≥∞ÿ# K«~°‡~ÀQÆO ™ÈiÜ«∂ã≤ãπ. Jk‰õÄ_® #Ü«∞=∞ø`«∞Ok D
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO`À\˜, HÍ‰õΩO>Ë H˘kÌ<≥ÅÅ∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨@ì=K«∞Û#∞. HÍh ÃÑ·™ê
Y~°∞ÛÖË‰õΩO_® g∞ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ #Ü«∞O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ D q^èŒOQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=@"Õ∞ HÍHõ "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ W`«~°∞Å ^Œ∞óMÏxfl `˘ÅyOKÕ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flOQÍ JO^ŒiH© `≥eÜ«∞K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. JÑ¨C_Õ Hõ^• =∞#O "≥∂H∆ÍxH˜
J~°∞›Å=∞ÜÕ∞ºk.
WHõ „Ñ¨âfl◊ Å∞ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ „Ñ¨âfl◊ – ~år"£ÉÏè Üü∞ L+¨óáê#O ‰õÄ_® QÀ~°∞"≥KÛ« x
h\˜`À<Õ `åQÍÖÏ ÖËHõ K«Å¡x h\˜x „`åQÆ=KåÛ. =∞m§ `åO|∂à◊OÖ’ U"Õ∞q∞
"Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
["å|∞ : `åO|∂ÅOÖ’ `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ ^Õâ◊"åm^≥· LO_®e, Jk XQÆ~°∞QÍ
LO@∞Ok. q^Õj `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ =^Œ∞Ì ^Õâ◊"åo `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ =∞Ozk. Wk ZO`«
=QÆ~°∞QÍ LO>Ë JO`« =∞Ozk. ~°OQÆ∞ =Ú^Œ∞~°∞QÍ LO_®e. ^Õâ◊"åo
`«=∞Åáê‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= =Ú^Œ∞~°∞, P‰õΩÑ¨K«Û ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO@∞Ok. KåÖÏ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞
‰õÄ_®, =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’<Õ LO>Ë =∞Ozk. L^• – @"≥∂\Ï, =OHÍÜ«∞,
<Õ~ˆ _»∞, WÖÏO\˜=hfl Ü«∂O\©HÍº#û~üQÍ, Ü«∂O\© _»Ü∂« Éˇ\ ã© Qπ Í Ñ¨xKÕ™êÎ~Ú.
Hõ#∞Hõ ÖË`«~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO_Õq q^Õj Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞ ^Õâ◊"åo Ñ¨^•~å÷Å =Ú^Œ∞~°∞
~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO@∂ `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® JÖÏˆQ =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO>Ë =∞Ozk.
WHõ `«=∞Åáê‰õΩÖ’¡ ã¨∞#flO XHõ „QÍ=ÚÖ’Ñ¨ÙQÍ "Õã¨∞HÀ"åe. WOHÍ ™ÈOÑ¨Ù
"Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. JÖÏˆQ "å=Ú Ô~O_»∞ ÖËHõ =¸_»∞ yO[Å∞ "Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
WOHÍ Å=OQÆO, ÃÑ^ŒÌÜ«∂Å∞HõHÍÜ«∞, QÆ∞ÖÏc #∞O_ç `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤# QÆ∞Å¯O^£,
Wq "Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WHõ `åO|∂ÅOÖ’ "ÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»x Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞ =Hõ¯á⁄_ç,
HÍK«∞, Wq "≥Ü«∞º=∞x ZHõ¯_® K≥Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ Wq ÖË‰õΩO_® `åO|∂ÅO
"Õã¨∞HÀO_ç.
WHõ L+¨óáê#O q+¨Ü«∂xH˜ =¿ãÎ `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h~°∞ J~Úº
LO_»=Öˇ#∞. g∞~°∞ ~åyáê„`«Ö’x h~°∞ „`åˆQ"åÔ~·`Õ Jq QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ
LO_»#=ã¨~°OÖË^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ~åyáê„`«Ö’x h\˜H˜ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜Ö’
LO_Õ ÅHõ∆}ÏÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú Hõ#∞Hõ, WHõ g∞~°∞ ã‘ìÅ∞ ÖËHõ =∞\˜ì‰õΩO_»Ö’ LOz#
h\˜x QÀ~°∞"≥KÛ« QÍ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<Õ „`åQÍe. WOHÍ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O, áê¡ãHì≤ ± áê„`«Ö’¡
h~°∞x xÅfi LOK«HõO_ç. =∞i J~Ú`Õ ~ÀA"≥Ú`«ÎO ~åyáê„`«Ö’ h~°∞
„`åQÆ=K«∞Û<å JO>Ë `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® `åQÆ=K«∞Û J~Ú`Õ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ =~°∞ã¨QÍ ~åy
áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ „`åy#@¡~Ú`Õ 15, 20 ~ÀAÅ∞ PÑ≤ P `«~åfi`« =∞m§ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞
=~°∞ã¨QÍ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. ÖË‰õΩO>Ë â◊s~°OÖ’ `å„=∞O Z‰õΩ¯"≥· H˘xfl ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞
~å=K«∞Û#∞. HÍ|\˜ì ˆH=ÅO „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl „`åˆQ h~°∞ =∂„`«O „Ñü~ÀE
~åyáê„`«Ö’<Õ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. ~À[O`å ~åyáê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë 3
<≥ÅÅH˜ XHõ™êi 15 ÖËHõ 20 ~ÀAÅ∞ =∂<ÕÜ«∞O_ç. `«~åfi`« =∞m§ ~åyáê„`«
h~°∞ „`åQÆO_ç.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£QÍ~°∞ Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`«, "≥#flÖËx =∞l˚QÆ ÖËHõ ~°ã¨=Ú
„`åQÆ=∞x K≥áêÊ~°∞. Wq =∂„`«O [~î°~åyflx K«Å¡|~°K«"å?
["å|∞ : J=Ù#∞, =∞l˚QÆÖ’ ~°ã¨=ÚÖ’ áêÅÖ’¡ ‰õÄ_® h\˜âß`«O
LO@∞Ok. HÍh "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥¿ÑÊk U=∞O>Ë h\˜H˜ ™⁄O`«OQÍ UQÆ∞}O
LO_»^Œ∞. h\˜x Uáê„`«Ö’ LOz`Õ ÖË^• "Õ\ ˜`À HõeÑ≤<å P QÆ∞}ÏÅ<Õ Jk
ã‘fiHõiã¨∞ÎOk. Wk h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O, JO>Ë g∞~°∞ h\˜x ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`À HõeÑ≤`Õ Jk
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’x QÆ∞}ÏÅ<Õ ã‘fiHõiOz P QÆ∞}Ï<Õfl JOkã¨∞OÎ k. JÖÏˆQ ÑÖ_»~¡ ™° êÅ`À
Hõeã≤<å WOHÍ áêÅÖ’¡ HõeÑ≤<å J^Õ QÆ∞}ÏÅx JOkã¨∞ÎOk h~°∞. HÍ|\˜ì
Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« ˆH=ÅO h~°∞ „`åy`Õ Jk [~î°~åyflx K«Å¡|~°∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
Hõ#∞Hõ áêÅ∞, =∞l˚QÆ, ~°ã¨=Ú ZO`≥·<å „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. WHõ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞H˜ L#fl QÆ∞}O
Jyflx „Ñ¨nÑ¨ÎO K≥Ü«∞º@O. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’ (ã≤flQÆú`«fiO) á¶êº\ò LOk,
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’ áêÅÖ’ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= =ÙO@∞Ok. "≥#flÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=
LO@∞Ok. "≥#flÖ’ HõO>Ë <≥~ÚºÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= (ã≤flQÆú`«fiO) á¶êº\ò LOk. U
Ñ¨^•~°÷OÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= á¶êº\ò LO@∞O^À Jk Jyflx Z‰õΩ¯= „Ñ¨nÑ¨ÎO KÕã¨∞ÎOk.
ZÖÏQÆO>Ë Ü«∞[˝OÖ’ <≥~Úº"Õ¿ãÎ Jyfl ZÖÏ „Ñ¨[fieã¨∞ÎO^À JÖÏˆQ á⁄@ìÖ’
‰õÄ_® ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ u<åfl áêÅ∞ „`åy<å, WOHÍ "≥#fl, <≥~Úº, u<åfl Jyfl
„Ñ¨nÑ¨Î=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. ^•x`À Éè’[<åxfl WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨K«#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. ZO`À
"Õ∞Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ ˆH=ÅO =∞Ozh~°∞ =∂„`«O „`åQÆHõO_ç.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~år"£nH˜∆`ü QÍ~°∂ Sãπ„H©"£∞ u#fl `«~åfi`«, \©, HÍÑ¶‘ =O\˜q
U"≥∞ÿ<å fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û<å?
["å|∞ : "≥Ú`åÎxˆH ã¨~°fi<åâ◊#O J=Ù`«∞Ok, nx QÆ∞iOz q=~°OQÍ
`«~åfi`« K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO^•O WÑ¨C_»∞ ‰õΩ¡Ñ¨ÎOQÍ. =∞#O ZÑ¨C_≥·<å "Õ_ç Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞
J#flOQÍh WOˆH^≥·<å fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù ^•x LëÈ‚„QÆ`«‰õΩ fã¨∞H˘ã¨∞ÎOk.
JO>Ë Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’x LëÈ‚„QÆ`« 39 #∞O_ç 40 _ç„wÅ LëÈ‚„QÆ`« LO@∞Ok. \©
ÖË^• HÍÑ¶‘ =O\˜q 50 #∞O_ç 60 _ç„wÅ∞ "Õ_ç LO@∞Ok. =ÚO^Œ∞ g∞~°∞ \©
ÖË^• HÍÑ¶‘ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë g∞ á⁄@ì ^•x ã¨=∂# Lëê‚xH˜ JO>Ë 40 _ç„wÅ‰õΩ
fã¨∞‰õΩ~å=\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. J^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ g∞~°∞ K«Å¡x Sãπ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë
g∞ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù Jã¨÷ =º™ê÷xH˜ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞Ok. JO>Ë "Õ_ç \©x K«Å¡|~°KåÖÏ K«Å¡\ ˜
Sãπ#∞ "Õ_ç K≥Ü«∂ºÖÏ J#fl ã¨=∞ã¨º‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ ZÑ¨C_»∂ "Õ_ç
Ñ¨^•~å÷Å`À K«Åx¡ q HõeÑ≤ u#HõO_ç, JÖÏˆQ K«Åx¡ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å`À "Õ_qç u#HõO_ç.
Wk =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : h\˜x K«Ñ¨Êiã¨∂Î „`åQÆ@O =Å¡ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O Uq∞\˜ WOHÍ
h\˜x ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx „`åQÍÖÏ xÖÁÛx „`åQÆ=KåÛ?
["å|∞ : nx QÆ∞iOz =ÚO^Œ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ q=~°OQÍ K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO^•O.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : áêÅ#∞ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O `åQÆ=∞<åfl~°∞. =∞i \©, HÍÑ¶‘Å`À LO_Õq
áêÅ∞ Hõ^• Wq L^ŒÜ«∞O „`åQÆ=KåÛ?
["å|∞ : x*ÏxH˜ "åQÆƒ@∞x ã¨∂„`åÅÖ’ \©, HÍÑ¶‘ QÆ∞iOz ÖË^Œ∞,
ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë "åi HÍÅOÖ’ Jq ÖË=Ù. HÍh "å~°∞ HõëêÜ«∞O QÆ∞iOz K≥áêÊ~°∞.
D HõëêÜ«∞O „`åy`Õ g∞‰õΩ "å`«=Ú, Ñ≤`«Î=Ú, HõÑ¶¨=Ú ã¨=∞OQÍ LOK«∞`«∞Ok.
J^Õ J~°∞˚# =$Hõ∆O Éˇ~°_»∞ nx`À HõëêÜ«∞O `åy`Õ Jxfl\˜Hõ<åfl =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ
"å`åxfl `«yæã¨∞ÎOk. JÖÏˆQ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’x Zã≤_ç\ ©ÖÏˆQ ~°HõÎOÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Zã≤_ç\ ©
LO@∞Ok. ^•x=Å¡<Õ QÆ∞O_≥áÈ@∞ =ã¨∞ÎOk. nxfl x"åiOK«\ÏxH˜ KåÖÏ
=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ k D J~°∞#˚ K≥@∞ì Éˇ~_° ∞» . WÖÏO\˜ HõëêÜ«∞"≥∞`ÿ Õ g∞~°∞áêÅ`À HõeÑ≤
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ #=O|~ü, _çÃãO|~ü, [#=i =O\˜ K«Å¡x ~ÀAÅ∞
"å`«ÑÙ¨ ~ÀAÅ∞ ^ÕÇÏ¨ OÖ’ "åÜ«Ú „Ñ¨HÀÑÖ K«Åx¡ ~ÀAÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok.
P~ÀAÖ’¡ D J~°∞˚#=$Hõ∆O Éˇ~°_»∞`À KÕã≤# HõëêÜ«∞O „`åy`Õ g∞‰õΩ =∞Oz
B+¨ ^ è Œ = ÚQÍ Ñ¨ x KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î O k. Wk "Õ _ ç Q Í<Õ fã¨ ∞ HÀ=K« ∞ Û#∞, áêÅ`À
HõÅ∞Ñ¨ÙHÀ=K«∞Û#∞. Wk g∞‰õΩ ~°HÍÎxfl â◊√kúKÕã≤ ~°HõÎOÖ’x =∞e<åÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_®
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÑÖÑ¨Ù`«∞Ok. H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò#∞ xÜ«∞O„uã¨∞ÎOk. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ #=O|~ü,
_çÃãO|~ü, [#=i HÍÅOÖ’ J~°∞#˚ K≥@∞ì Éˇ~_° ∞» `À HõëêÜ«∞O KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩx „`åQÆO_ç
Éèqí +¨º`«∞ÖÎ ’ QÆ∞O_≥[|∞ƒÅ∞ ~å‰õΩO_® *Ï„QÆ`ÑÎ« _¨ O» _ç. H˘Å`« XHõ QÍ¡ã∞¨ áêÅÖ’
J~°ã¨∂Ê#∞ J~°∞˚#K≥@∞ì Éˇ~°_»∞ á⁄_ç HõeÑ≤ nxÖ’ ÉˇÅ¡O fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë =∞Ozk,
~°OQÆ∞ HõÅÑ¨x ÉˇÅ¡O ÖË‰õΩO>Ë Ñ¨\ ˜HõÉˇÅ¡O =∞Ozk. âÁOiî‰õÄ_® HõeÑ≤`Õ
WOHÍ =∞Ozk.
„Ñ¨âfl◊ : ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞, Ñ¨ÑC¨ HõeÑ≤ u#‰õÄ_»^∞Œ JO\Ï~°∞. =∞i "Õ∞=Ú J#flOÖ’
Ñ¨Ñ¨C HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩx `«~åfi`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ J#flO u#@O =∞Oz^Õ<å?
["å|∞ : Ñ¨Ñ¨C JO>Ë kfi^Œà◊O JO\Ï~°∞. HõOkÑ¨Ñ¨C, ÃÑã¨~°Ñ¨Ñ¨C,
q∞#Ñ¨Ñ¨C WÖÏ Ô~O_»∞QÍ pe# "å\˜x kfi^Œà◊O JO\Ï~°∞. D kfi^Œà◊O`À\˜
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ HõÅÑ¨‰õΩO_® LO_»@"Õ∞ =∞Oz^Œx "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥áêÊ~°∞. WOHÍ
=∞Ç¨g~°∞_»∞ =O\˜"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏˆQ K≥áêÊ~°∞. HÍh XHõ"Õà◊ JÖÏ HõeÑ≤
u#=Åã≤=¿ãÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã≤u÷ QÆ`∞« Å#∞ =∂~åÛe. JO>Ë ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’x „á⁄\©<£
âß`åxfl ÃÑOKåe. WO^Œ∞‰õΩ rÅHõ„~°, ÃãO· ^è=Œ Å=}O ÖË^• #Å¡ LÑ¨C JO\Ï~°∞.
D ~ÀA K≥ÑC¨ ‰õΩ<Õ JÜ≥∂_ç<£ LÑ¨CHÍ^Œ∞, ÃãO· ^Œ= Å=}O, =¸_»=k "å=Ú.
Wq ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ã≤÷ux "≥O@<Õ =∂~°∞ã¨∞ÎOk. ZÖÏQÆO>Ë g∞~°∞ Ñ¨Ñ¨C
J#flO`Àáê@∞ =∞l˚QÆ „`åQÆ=Åã≤=¿ãÎ "å=Ú, rÅHõ„~°#∞ `åeOÑ¨ÙÃÑ\˜ì H˘kÌQÍ
Ãã·O^Œ= Å=}O HõeÑ≤ JÑ¨C_»∞ „`åQÆO_ç – WHõ JÅ¡OHõO>Ë âÁOiî =∞Ozk.
ÑÖ_»∞¡ u<åÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë L^ŒÜ∞« "Õ∞ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k. HÍh „Ñ¨H$õ u ã≤ÔúŒ QÍ ÑÖ_çOz#"Õ
=∞Ozk. HÍe¬Ü«∞O HÍÔ~·ƒ<£Å#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOz ÑÖ_çOz#q HÍ^Œ∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : =∞l˚QÆ K«Å= KÕã¨∞ÎOk Hõ^•! =∞i Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® W=fi=K«∞Û<å?
["å|∞ : W=fi=K«∞Û#∞. 3 <≥ÅÅ Ñ≤Å¡ÅÔH·`Õ "å=Ú HõeÑ≤ W=fi=K«∞Û#∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ZO_®HÍÅOÖ’ ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«ÛQÍ<Õ `åQÍÖÏ?
["å|∞ : "Õã¨qÖ’ g∞~°∞ P xÜ«∞=∂xfl H˘kÌQÍ ã¨_»eOK«=K«∞Û#∞.
g∞~°∞ LO_Õ „áêO`åxfl|\˜ì =∂~°∞Ê KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. "Õã¨qÖ’ =∞\˜ì‰õΩO_»Ö’
h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. Jq K«Å¡QÍ L<åfl, LëÈ‚„QÆ`« `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ<Õ =∞#H˜ ãïÑ¨_Õ
_ç„wÅÖ’<Õ LO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì =∞\˜ì‰õΩO_»Ö’ h~°∞ "Õã¨qÖ’ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞.
L^ŒÜ«∞O Ñ¨Ó@ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅOÜ≥ÚHõ¯ =∞~Àq+¨Ü«∞O Z=iÔH·<å HõO\˜HÕ^Œ
Kå~°Å∞ #Å¡\ ˜Kå~°Å∞ =ÙO_ç LO>Ë "å~°∞ D L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl ~åã≤
K«∂_»=K«∞Û `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® `«yæáÈ`å~Ú. WOHÍ L^ŒÜ«∞O Ñ¨Ó@ ÖÏÅ[ÅO ZO`«
â◊H˜Î =O`«"≥∞ÿ#^ŒO>Ë U^≥·<å DQÆg∞^Œ ÖËHõ p=∞ g∞^Œ QÆ#Hõ g∞~°∞ Lq∞‡`Õ Jq
"≥O@<Õ K«xáÈ`å~Ú. "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥¿ÑÊ =∞~À ã¨∂„`«OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊^•O.
Éè’[# q^è•#=Ú
=∞#O Éè’[#O ZÖÏ KÕÜ«∂e? ZÑ¨C_»∞ Ñ¨_ç`Õ JÑ¨C_»∞ KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜
=∞# â◊s~°O J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ LO_»^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë =∞#O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflO
Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ [~î°~åyfl LO@∞Ok. Jk „Ñ¨nÑ¨Î"≥∞ÿ L#flÑ¨C_Õ PÇ¨~åxfl Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ
Ñ¨ K « # O KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î O k, JÖÏ Ñ¨ K « # O J~Ú# PÇ¨  ~° " Õ ∞ =∞# â◊ s ~åxH˜
LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ ZÑ¨C_»∞ Ñ¨_ç`Õ JÑ¨C_»∞ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WÖÏ u<Õ
JÅ"å@∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅk HÍ^Œ∞. Ü«¸~°Ñπ "åã¨∞Åk JHõ¯_ç _®Hõì~üû JO\Ï~°∞
`«~K° ∂« uO@∂ LO_»O_ç H˘kÌH˘kÌQÍ ZÑ¨C_»∂ uO@∂ LO_»=∞x "å~°O\Ï~°∞.
HÍh "åQÆƒù@∞ÅO\Ï~°∞ ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ [~î°~åyfl
ÉÏQÍ „Ñ¨nÑ¨"Î ∞≥ ÿ LO@∞Ok. JÖÏ [~î~° åyfl „Ñ¨nÑ¨"Î ∞≥ ÿ L#flÑ¨C_Õ PÇ¨~°O u<åe
=∞#H˜ ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞O JO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 7 QÆOIIÅ‰õΩ J=Ù`«∞Ok JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç
Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å∞ JO>Ë 9 QÆOIIÅ =~°‰õΩ Jyfl ÉÏQÍ „Ñ¨nÑ¨Î"≥∞ÿ LO@∞Ok. WÖÏ
H˘xfl H˘xfl „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ HÍã¨Î ã¨=∞Ü«∞O `Õ_®QÍ ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞O J=Ù`«∞Ok.
QÆ=∞xOK«QÆÅ~°∞ J~Ú`Õ ZHõ¯_» "åiÔH·<å JHõ¯_» ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞O J~Ú# `«~åfi`«
Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ Jyfl „Ñ¨nÑ¨Î"≥∞ÿ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ
J`«ºkèHõOQÍ Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. JO>Ë =∞# ã¨=∞Ü«∞O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O 9 QÆO@Å
#∞O_ç 9.30 QÆO@Ö’¿Ñ (ÅOKü) Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∂e. \˜Ñ¶≤<£ („ÉËH±á¶êãπì) HÍ^Œ∞.
D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ JÖÏÊÇ¨~åxfl =∂x Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∂ºe. WÖÏ KÕÜ«∞@O =Å¡
g∞~° ∞ u#fl J#flOÖ’ „Ñ¨ u yO[ „Ñ¨ u "≥ ∞ `« ∞ ‰õ Ω Ñ¨ Ó ~° ‚ O QÍ â◊ s ~åxH˜
LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. WÖÏ [~î°~åyfl Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ PÇ¨~°O
fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ [~î°~åyfl ÖÏˆQ W`«~° J=Ü«∞"åÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã
ã¨=∞Ü«∞O "Õ~°∞"Õ~°∞QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O, QÆ∞O_≥ ÉÏQÍ
Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã ã¨=∞Ü«∞O „ÉÏÇ‘Ï‡ =ÚÇ¨˙~åÎxH˜ Ô~O_»∞#fl~° QÆO@Å =ÚO^Œ∞ „ÉÏÇ‘Ï‡
=ÚÇ¨˙~°ÎO JO>Ë `≥Å¡"å~°∞*Ï=Ú 4–00 QÆO@Å #∞O_ç 4–30 QÆO@Å
ã¨=∞Ü«∞O nx=ÚO^Œ∞ Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@ÅÖ’ JO>Ë 2 QÆO@Å #∞O_ç 2–30
QÆO@Å ã¨=∞Ü«∞O D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ QÆ∞O_≥ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. QÆ∞O_≥áÈ@∞
ã¨=∞ã¨º ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë P
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ QÆ∞O_≥ ÉÏQÍ „H˜Ü«∂jÅOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. HÍ|\˜ì JÖÏˆQ e=~ü
WOHÍ W`«~° JOQÍÅ‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏˆQ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O LO@∞Ok.
JO^Œ∞ˆH [~î°~åyfl Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ =∞#O PÇ¨~°O Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙxO_®
u<åe. ZO`« u#QÆÅ~À JO`« PÇ¨~°O P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ u<åe. WHõ =∞^è•ºÇ¨Ïfl
Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã q^è•#O L^ŒÜ«∞OHõO>Ë HÍã¨Î `«yæzÛ u<åe ã¨∞=∂~°∞ =¸_»=
=O`«∞ `«yæOz u<åe. JÖÏˆQ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O Éè’[#O =∞~À =¸_»==O`«∞
`«yæOz u<åe. L^•II g∞~°∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O 6 K«áêfÅ∞ u<Õ "åÔ~·`Õ =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO
<åÅ∞QÆ∞ fã¨∞HÀO_ç, JÖÏˆQ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O Ô~O_»∞ K«áêfÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. g∞‰õΩ
=∞ˆ~^≥·<å ~°∞zHÀãÖ HÀiHõQÍ u<åÅx LO>Ë PHÀiHõ "≥Ú`«ÎO L^ŒÜ«∞O
Éè’[#OÖ’<Õ fã¨∞HÀO_ç g∞‰õΩ W+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# J`«ºO`« W+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# U PÇ¨~°"≥∞ÿ<å U
ã‘fi\òû J~Ú<å WOHÍ U Ñ≤O_ç =O@Hõ"≥∞ÿ<å g∞=∞#ã¨∞#∞ `«$Ñ≤Î ÑïKÕ U
PÇ¨~°"≥∞ÿ<å L^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ u#O_ç. g∞ â◊s~°O`Àáê@∞ g∞=∞#ã¨∞ ‰õÄ_®
`«$Ñ≤ÎÑ¨_»@O =ÚYº"Õ∞, g∞ =∞#ã¨∞û, `«$Ñ≤ÎÑ¨_»@O KåÖÏ Q˘Ñ¨Êk. D =∞#ã¨∞û
H˘xfl „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ"∞≥ #ÿ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å`À #_»Ñ|¨ _»∞`«∞Ok. H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ Ç¨~À‡<£û =∞iÜ«¸
ZO*ˇ"· ∞£ û`À J~Ú`Õ WÑ¨Ê\˜ _®Hõ~ì ûü ÃÑxÜ«∞Öò QÍ¡O_£x =∞#ã¨∞QÍ ÑïQÆ}™˜ êÎ~∞° .
x*ÏxH˜ JkHÍ^Œ∞, HÍh D ÃÑxÜ«∞Öò QÍ¡O_£ Z<Àfl~°HÍÅ∞QÍ „ã¨qã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞#O `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ Éè’[#O KÕã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ WOˆH^≥·<å `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ L#flÑ¨C_»∞ Wk H˘xfl
„^Œ"åÅ#∞ „ã¨qã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ ÖË#Ñ¨C_»∞ D ÃÑxÜ«∞Öò QÍ¡O_£ KåÖÏ
Jã¨÷=ºã¨÷ =∞=Ù`«∞Ok. WÖÏO@Ñ¨C_»∞ =∞#H˜ KåÖÏ ~°HÍÅ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
=∞#O Éè’[#O `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ KÕÜ«∞HõáÈ`Õ =∂#ã≤Hõ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O
ZHõ¯=HÍÅO `«$Ñ≤ÎHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∞HõáÈ`Õ, _ç„ÃÑ+¨<£ ã≤*’„¿Ñ¶xÜ«∂ =O\˜
ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# =∂#ã≤Hõ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ 27 ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =KÕÛ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO L#flk.
D ã¨$+≤ìÖ’ =∞x+≤ `«Ñ¨Ê Jxfl r=~åã¨∞Å∞ ã¨„Hõ=∞"≥∞ÿ# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
ã¨„Hõ=∞"≥∞ÿ# PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~Ú =∞x+≤ `«Ñ¨Ê Jxfl r=~åâ◊√Å∞ JO>Ë
Ñ≤K«∞ÛHõÅ∞, P=ÙÅ∞, ˆQ^≥Å∞ WÖÏ U„áê}˜<≥·<å QÆ=∞xOK«O_ç Jq L^ŒÜ«∞O
ÖË=@O`À>Ë PÇ¨~åxfl uO\Ï~Ú. ~Ô O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« hà◊√§ QÆ∞@∞Hõ QÆ∞@HõQÍ
`åQÆ∞`å~Ú. JO^Œ∞ˆH "å\˜H˜, JkèHõ |~°∞=Ù, QÆ∞O_≥áÈ@∞ _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ©ãπ =O\˜q
~å‰õΩO_® P~ÀQÆºOQÍ rq™êÎ~Ú. Wk x[O. _®II ~°gO„^Œ<å^è£ âßº"£∞ÉÏQ∑
J<Õ XHõ „á⁄ÃÑ¶ã¨~ü PÜ«∞# Ñïâ’^èŒ#ÅÖ’x q+¨Ü«∞O Uq∞@O>Ë XHõ HÀux
fã¨∞‰õΩx PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO KÕâß~°∞. ^•xH˜ [|∞ƒ `≥Ñ≤ÊOK«\ÏxH˜, Z<Àfl~°HÍÅ
"≥·~°ãπÅx WO*ˇHõ∆<£ ^•fi~å WOHÍ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Ö’¡ ZH˜¯Oz K«∂âß~°∞.
^•xH˜ H˘OK≥O H˘Öˇ„™êìÖò ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ~°QÆÖË^Œ∞. U [|∞ƒ~åÖË^Œ∞ ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
"å~°∞ K≥áêÊ~°∞ Jk L^ŒÜ∂« <Õfl PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. h\˜x QÆ∞@Hõ QÆ∞@HõQÍ
Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞. WOHÀ ~°Ç¨Ïã¨ºO
K≥áêÊ~°∞ HÀu ~°HõÎOÖ’ LO_Õ P~ü.ÃÇÏKü.á¶êºHõì~ü Wk „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ
P^Œ~°≈=O`«"≥∞ÿ#k =∞# _®Hõì~üû ‰õÄ_® =∞#~°HÍÎxfl H˘eKÕk D HÀu ~°HõÎOÖ’x
P~ü.ÃÇÏKü.á¶êºHõì~ü`À áÈeÛ =∂„`«"Õ∞, Wk =∞#‰õΩ K≥Ñ¨Ê~°∞. JO`« Q˘Ñ¨Êk D
PÇ¨~° xÜ«∞=∞O.
JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ =∞#O L^ŒÜ∞« O JÖÏÊÇ¨~°O =∂x"Õã≤ Hõ_∞» Ñ¨Ù xO_® Éè’[#O
KÕ^•ÌO. L^ŒÜ∞« O JÖÏÊÇ¨~°O u<Õ JÅ"å@∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅk HÍ^Œ∞. POˆQÜ ¡ Ú« Åk
"åiH˜ L^ŒÜ«∞O JÖÏÊÇ¨~°"Õ∞ =∞Ozk ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë áêâßÛ`«º ^ÕâßÖ’¡ "åiH˜
ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ 7, 8 <≥ÅÅáê@∞ ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ LO_»^Œ∞. =∞i D [~î°~åyflx
ã¨∂\˜QÍ ã¨∂~°∞ºx`À ãÖ|O^èOŒ LOk. ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ L^Œ~ÚOKÕ@Ñ¨C_»∞ [~î~° åyfl
„Ñ¨nÑ¨=Î ∞=Ù`«∞Ok. ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ Jã¨qÎ ∞OK«\ÏxH˜ =ã¨∞#Î flÑ¨Ê\˜H˜ Jyfl‰õÄ_® `«Q∞Æ `æ ∂«
=ÙO@∞Ok. Ü«¸~°Ñπ, J"≥∞iHÍÖÏO\˜ KÀ@¡ Z‰õΩ¯=HÍÅO =∞OK«∞ ‰õΩ~°∞ã¨∂Î
=ÙO@∞Ok. ã¨∂~Àº^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ J=fi^Œ∞ Hõ#∞Hõ "åi [~î°~åyfl `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»@O
HÍ~°}OQÍ "å~°∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O PÇ¨~°O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞HÀÖË~°∞. HÍ^Œx Z‰õΩ¯=
PÇ¨~°O L^ŒÜ∞« O fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë "åiH˜ Z<Àfl ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ Z=Ô~<· å
"å~°∞ L#fl „Ñ¨^Õâßxfl|\˜ì "åi‰õΩ#fl "å`å=~°} ã≤÷`«∞Å#∞|\˜ì JHõ¯_ç
xÜ«∞=∂Å<Õ J#∞ãïOKåe.
=∞#^Õâ◊OÖ’ „Ñü~ÀE ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ L^Œ~Ú™êÎ_»∞ L^Œ~ÚOKå_»∞,
L^Œ~Úã¨∂Î<Õ LO\Ï_»∞. Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#H˜ „Ñü L^ŒÜ«∞O â◊√Éè’^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ „Ñü
=∂iflOQ∑, QÆ∞_£ =∂iflOQ∑ Ü«¸~°Ñπ"å~°∞ =∂„`«O ã¨∂~°∞ºx HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞
K«∂ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞. "åiH˜ =∂iflOQ∑ QÆ∞_£QÍ LO_»^Œ∞ Hõ#∞Hõ "å~°∞ „Ñü"åiH˜
q+¨ºãπ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH "åiH˜ D QÆ∞_£ =∂iflOQ∑ q+¨ºãπ
J=ã¨~°O. =∞i =∞#H˜ „Ñü~ÀE „áê`«óHÍÅ"Õ∞ â◊√Éè’^ŒÜ«∞O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O>Ë
D QÆ∞_£=∂iflOQ∑Ö’ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ z‰õΩ¯‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. =∞#O D z‰õΩ¯Ö’¡ #∞Oz
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ =^•Ì=Ú. #=∞ó™ê¯~°O Jx K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩO^•O. WHõ g∞~°∞ U=OHõÅ∞
ÃÑ@∞ìHÀHõO_ç, L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl ZÖÏ ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞`«∞Ok. "Õ∞O PÑ¶‘ã¨∞‰õΩ "≥àÏ§e W\Ï¡
K≥Ñ¨ÊHõO_ç, g∞~°∞ UO KÕã≤<å D á⁄@ìHÀã¨"Õ∞ Hõ^• D á⁄@ìx ãïK«∂ã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë
q∞ye# =º=Ç¨~åÅhfl K«Hõ¯Éˇ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WHõ ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO Éè’[#O
ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∂xH˜ 40 xq∞ëêÅ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∂ºe. JO>Ë
=∞#„áêO`«OÖ’ 6 QÆOIIÅ‰õΩ ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∞O JÜÕ∞º@@¡~Ú`Õ JÑ¨C_»∞ =∞#O
5 QÆO@Å 20 xq∞ëêÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞‰õΩx =ÚyOKåe. ~å„uÑ¨Ó@
U^≥·<å fã¨∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤¿ãÎ Jk ˆH=ÅO áêÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# PÇ¨~°=Ú.
^ŒÜ«∞KÕã≤ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç – _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ, Pã¨Î=∂. WOHÍ "å`«Ñ¨Ù ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞
L#fl Z=Ô~·<å WÖÏ PÇ¨~° xÜ«∞=∂xfl áê\ÕK«O_ç ~ÀQÆ, q=Ú‰õΩÎÅ∞ HõO_ç,
JÖÏˆQ JO^Œ~°∂ D xÜ«∞=∂xfl áê\Õz ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ P~ÀQÆºOQÍ rqOK«O_ç.
q~°∞^Œú =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞
QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ=Åã≤# =∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O, =∞#O Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞
PÇ¨~°OÖ’ QÆ∞}=Ú, ã¨fiÉèÏ==Ú "Õ~°∞QÍ L#fl Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q~°∞^Œú =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ Uq∞\’ WÑ¨C_»∞ H˘xfl K«∂^•ÌO – 1)
Le¡áêÜ«∞ { áêÅ∞ Wq Ô~O_»∞ XHõ ^•xH˜ =∞~˘Hõ\ ˜ |^Œú â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ∞ Wq
Ô~O_»∞ HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë K«~°‡ãÖ|O^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# Z<Àfl [|∞ƒÅ∞ =zÛ KÕ~°∞`å~Ú,
QÆl˚, ™ÈiÜ«∂ã≤ãπ, Zy˚=∂, ^Œ∞~°^ŒÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜q Ô~O_»=k – Ñ¨#ã¨HÍÜ«∞ {
áêÅ∞, WOHÍ áêÅ`À\˜, ã≤„\˜H± Ü«∂ã≤_£ LO_Õ U Ñ¨^•~°O÷ ‰õÄ_® fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^∞Œ .
ã≤„\˜H±Ü«∂ã≤_£ LO_Õq, Hõ=∞ÖÏÑÖ_»∞, |`åÎ~Ú, <åiO[, „^•H∆Í =O\˜ Ñ¨ÙÅ¡\ ˜
Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞. áêÅ`Àáê@∞QÍ fã¨∞HÀ^Œy# XˆH XHõ Ñ¨ÙÅ¡\ ˜ Ñ¨^•~°Oú Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞,
nxÖ’ ã≤„\˜H± Ü«∂ã≤_£, ã≤.q@q∞<£, HÍe¬Ü«∞O ÑïÑ¨Ó~°‚OQÍ LO\Ï~Ú.
J~Ú<å‰õÄ_® Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ áêÅ`À HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ^Œy#k, WHõ U
Ñ¨ÙÅ¡\ ˜ Ñ¨^•~°ú"≥∞ÿ<å =∂q∞_çHÍÜ«∞ ‰õÄ_® áêÅ`À fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Ñ¨ÙÅ¡QÍ
LO>Ë, uÜ«∞º\˜ =∂q∞_çHÍÜ«∞ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
WHõ <≥~Úº{`Õ<≥ HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WOHÍ q∞#Ñ¨Ñ¨C{ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞
á⁄~°áê@∞ÔH·<å XˆH™êi fã¨∞HÀ=^Œ∞Ì q∞#Ñ¨Ñ¨C. Ñ¨Ñ¨CÅxflO\˜H© ~å~åA Wk.
kfi^ŒàO◊ nxfl fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë XHõ¯\˜QÍ<Õ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. nx`À HõeÑ≤ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ (ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞
P=_») fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WHõ ÃÑã¨~°Ñ¨Ñ¨C, HõOkÑ¨Ñ¨C =O\˜ "å\˜`À HõeÑ≤,
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ fã¨∞HÀHõáÈ=@"Õ∞ =∞Ozk. XHõ"Õà◊ fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤ =¿ãÎ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’
`åeOÑ¨Ù "Õã∞¨ ‰õΩx u<åe, q∞#Ñ¨ÑC¨ `À =∂„`«O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ HõeÑ≤ Z\ì̃ Ñïã≤u÷ Ö’
u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. XHõ™êi "Õ∞O „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO KÕã≤ K«∂âßO. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Éˇ¡_£„Ñ¨[~ü
(a.Ñ≤.) >ˇãπì KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩx q∞#Ñ¨Ñ¨C ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ HõeÑ≤ u#fl `«~åfi`« Éˇ¡_£„ÃÑ¶+¨~ü
(a.Ñ≤.) K≥H± KÕ~Ú¿ãÎ 20 #∞O_ç 40 =~°‰õΩ ÃÑiyOk. WÖÏ QÆ#Hõ ~ÀE
uO>Ë 5, 6 <≥ÅÖ’¡ Ç¨~üì Z\ÏH± ~å=_»O YzÛ`«O Jx `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflO.
Hõ#∞Hõ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ =_» q∞#Ñ¨ÑC¨ `À Jã¨Å∞ HõÅÑ¨HOõ _ç. g∞‰õΩ JO`«QÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞=_»
u<åÅxÑ≤¿ãÎ ÃÑã¨~°Ñ¨Ñ¨C`À ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’ `åeOÑ¨Ù"Õã≤ `«Ü«∂~°∞ K≥Ü«∂ºe. Hõ#∞Hõ
=∞# WO\’¡ â◊√ÉèHí Í~åºÅ∞ KÕÜ∞« =Åã≤ =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =O@HÍÅ eã¨∞Öì ’ q∞#Ñ¨ÑC¨
=_», ZÑ¨C_»∂ ÖË‰Ωõ O_® K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë =∞# Jukä =∞#H˜ ^≥=· O`À
ã¨=∂#O. "åiH˜ =∞#O q+ÖÃÑ\˜ì áêáêxfl á⁄O^Œ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
q„âßOu
=∞~˘Hõã¨∂„`«OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊^•O =∞#O Éè’[#O ZÑ¨C_»∞ KÕã≤<å <ÕÅg∞^Œ
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx =∂„`«"∞Õ Éè’OKÕÜ∂« e. nx<Õ ã¨∞MÏã¨#O JO\Ï~°∞. WÖÏ ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=@O
=Å¡ =∞# [~î ° ~ ° O Ö’ Jyfl ÉÏQÍ „Ñ¨ n Ñ¨ Î = ∞=Ù`« ∞ Ok. J^Õ ‰õ Ω sÛÖ’
‰õÄ~°∞ÛO_»@O=Å¡ Jyfl f„=`« `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. WHõ xÅ|_ç L#flÑ¨C_»∞ Jyfl
f„=`« Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«yáæ È`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#O Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ „HÕ^Œ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
ã¨∞MÏã¨#OÖ’<Õ Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∂ºe JÖÏˆQ Ñ¨à‹§O =∞#O ‰õÄ~°∞Û#fl ™ê÷<åxH˜
Z`«∞ÎQÍ LO_®e. JO>Ë =∞#=ÚO^Œ∞ Ñ‘@HÍh z#flã¨∂ìÅ∞ QÍh LO_®e.
^•xg∞^Œ Ñ¨à‹§O ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩx u<åe. "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# =∞~Àq+¨Ü«∞O Éè’[#O
KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ ã¨∞MÏã¨#O =∞Ozk. =∞~˘Hõ Pã¨#O K≥áêÊ~°∞. P=ÙáêÅ∞
Ñ≤uˆH@Ñ¨C_»∞ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO\Ï~°∞ Hõ^• JÖÏ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û#∞. Wk
JO^ŒiH© J=ã¨~°OÖË^Œ∞. âßs~°Hõ „â◊=∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ KÕ¿ã"åiH˜ JO>Ë á⁄ÅO
Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã Ô~·`«∞Å∞, HÍi‡‰õΩÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜ "åiH˜ WÖÏ Q˘O`«∞Hõ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx Éè’[#O
K≥Ü«∞º@O =∞Ozk. WOHÍ á⁄@ì ÉÏQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =zÛ# "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏ
Éè’[#O KÕ¿ãÎ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ "åi á⁄@ì "≥#H˜¯ "≥o§ LO@∞Ok. WHõ
_≥·xOQ∑>Ë|∞Öòû `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤Ok =∞# HÀãÖ HÍ^Œ∞ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅHÀãÖ, "åi
„áêO`«OÖ’ K«e Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»@O=Å¡ "åi *Ï~ÚO\òû Jhfl aQÆ∞ã¨∞‰õΩx
LO\Ï~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì "å~°∞ =∞#ÖÏQÍ <≥Åg∞^Œ ã¨∞MÏã¨#OÖ’ ‰õÄ~ÀÛÖË~∞° . HÍ|\˜ì
"åiH˜ ‰õΩsÛq^è•#O J=ã¨~°O. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ‰õΩ J=ã¨~°OÖË^Œ∞. XHõ"Õà◊ "Õ∞O
WÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH _≥·xOQ∑ >Ë|∞Öòû H˘<åflO Hõ^• JO>Ë, UO Ñ¨~åfiÖË^Œ∞ ^•xfl Ñ¨Hõ¯#
Ñ¨_ÜÕ ∞« ºO_ç g∞ P~ÀQÆºO HÀãÖ ÖË^• _≥x· OQ∑ >Ë|∞Öò ‰õΩsÛÖ’<Õ g∞~°∞ ã¨∞MÏã¨#O
"Õã¨∞‰õΩx ‰õÄ~ÀÛO_ç H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ #Ü«∞O =∞OzÑ¨x =∂„`«OHÍ^Œ∞.
=∞~˘Hõ ã¨∂„`«O =∞#O L^ŒÜ«∞O, =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`«
H˘kÌQÍ q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀO_ç. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 20 x=ÚëêÅáê@∞ Z_»=∞ „Ñ¨Hõ¯‰õΩ
uiy Z_»=∞ K≥~ÚºHÕ^Œ‰õΩ =KÕÛ q^èŒOQÍ Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩx q„â◊q∞OKåÅx nx<Õ
"å~°∞ ‰õΩH˜∆ J=ã¨Ö÷ ’ q„â◊q∞OK«@O JO\Ï~°∞. q+¨µ=‚ ¸iÎ Pkâı+µ¨ xÃÑ· Ñ¨_∞» ‰õΩ<Õ
q^èŒOQÍ J#fl=∂@. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë =∞#H˜ â◊s~°OÖ’ Ô~O_»∞ <å_»∞Å∞<åfl~Ú.
x*ÏxH˜ =¸_»∞<å_»∞Å∞, ã¨∂~°º<å_ç, K«O„^Œ<å_ç =∞iÜ«Ú =∞^èŒº<å_ç, D
ã¨∂~°º<å_ç Éè’[<åxfl Ñ¨K#« O K≥Ü∞« º\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨xH˘ã¨∞OÎ k. K«O„^Œ<å_ç `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ
™êQÆ∞`«∞#flÑ¨C_Õ ã¨∂~°º<å_ç Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ Éè’[#O
KÕã≤# "≥O@<Õ Z_»=∞"≥·Ñ¨Ù uiy Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩO>Ë ã¨∂~°º<å_ç K«Hõ¯QÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk.
x*ÏxH˜ =∞#O P~ÀQÆº=O`«∞Å"≥∞ÿ`Õ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ ã¨∂~°º<å_ç
Ñ¨xK≥Ü«∞º@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. XHõ"Õà◊ JÖÏ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞HõáÈ~Ú<å g∞~°∞
Z_»=∞"≥Ñ· Ù¨ uiy Ñ¨_∞» ‰õΩO>Ë ã¨∂~°º<å_ç Ñ¨xK≥Ü∞« º@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. XHõ"àÕ ◊
g∞‰õΩ x„^Œ=¿ãÎ H˘kÌ¿ãÑ¨Ù =∂„`«"Õ∞ JO>Ë 20 xq∞ëêÅ∞ ÖËHõ 30 xq∞ëêÅ
¿ãÑ¨Ù x„^Œ‰õΩ ã¨=∞Ü«∞q∞=fiO_ç. g∞ â◊s~°O U^≥·<å JÅã¨`åfixH˜ QÆ∞~°~Ú`Õ<Õ
WÖÏ x„^Œx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. HÍã¨Î x„^ŒáÈ=@O =~°‰õΩ =∞Oz^Õ. WHõ g∞~°∞
q∞QÆ`å ~À[O`å L`åûÇ¨ÏOQÍ Ñ¨#∞Å∞ K≥Hõ¯Éˇ@∞ì‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩ<Õ q^è•#O
`«~∞° "åu ã¨∂„`«O =∞x+≤H˜ =ÚYºOQÍ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ "ÕQÍÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. "å\˜x
PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. g\˜Ö’ XHõ\ ˜, x„^Œ Éè’[#OKÕã≤# `«~åfi`« PÇ¨~åxfl Ñ¨K«#O
K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ [~î°~åyfl „Ñ¨nÑ¨Î=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. nx=Å¡ WO^Œ∞‰õΩ â◊s~°OÖ’x
~°HõÎ=∞O`å á⁄@ì ÉèÏQÍxH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜QÍ "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’x ~°HõÎO `«~åfi`«
W`«~° J=Ü«∞"åÖ’¡x ~°HOÎõ nx=Å¡ "≥∞^Œ_∞» q„âßOux HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì
x„^Œ=ã¨∞ÎOk. Hõ#∞Hõ H˘kÌQÍ x„^ŒáÈ=@O =∞Oz^Õ KåÖÏ=∞Ok x„^Œ~åHõ
=∂„`«Å∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞ g∞‰õΩ x„^Œ=¿ãÎ =∞Oz^Õ, HÍã¨Î q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀO_ç.
„ÉˇlÖò, "≥∞H˜ûHÀ, P„¿ãìeÜ«∂ =O\˜ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ "åi PÑ¶‘ã¨∞Ö’¡ „Ñü L^Àºy
Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« q„âßOu ã¨=∞Ü«∂xfl YzÛ`«O KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõx
J_çy`Õ JÖÏ q„âßOu fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl `«~åfi`« "åi Ñ¨xf~°∞ KåÖÏ "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞Ñ¨_çOk
J<åfl~°∞. Hõ#∞Hõ `«Å∞¡Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Éè’[<å#O`«~°O q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀO_ç. g∞‰õΩ
Zxfl Ñ¨#∞Öˇ·<å LO_»=K«∞Û HÍh P~ÀQÍºxfl HÍáê_»∞HÀ=@O HõO>Ë Q˘Ñ¨Ê
Ñ¨x=∞~˘Hõ\ ˜ÖË^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞Hõx =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO Éè’[#O `«~åfi`« 30 xq∞ëêÅ
#∞O_ç 40 xq∞ëêÅ =~°‰Ωõ YzÛ`«OQÍ q„âßOu fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ JÅ"å@∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀO_ç.
WHõ nxH˜ q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# q+¨Ü«∞O Uq∞@O>Ë g∞~°∞ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O (~å„u)
Éè’[#O `«~åfi`« "≥O@<Õ x„^ŒáÈ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. HõhãÖ Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`«
q„â◊q∞OKåe, ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 5 QÆO@Å‰õΩ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ãÎ 7 QÆO@Å `«~åfi`«
ÖË^• 6 QÆO@Å‰õΩ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ãÎ 8 QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ™êÜ«∞O„`«O ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ Jã¨Îq∞Oz LO_»@O=Å¡ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’
Ç¨~À‡<£û Ñ¨xf~°∞ "Õ~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ JÖÏ x„^ŒáÈ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. g∞~°∞
™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO Éè’[<å#O`«~°O "≥O@<Õ x„^ŒáÈ=@O=Å¡ _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ, Ç¨~üì
Z\ÏH± =KÕÛ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=ÚOk.
=∞~Àã¨∂„`«O WÑ¨C_»∞ K«∂ã≤#q^èŒOQÍ =∞#O L^ŒÜ«∞O Éè’[#O `«~åfi`«
=∞^è•ºÇ¨Ïfl Éè’[#O `«~åfi`« UHÍ~°}OKÕ`«<≥·<å q„âßOu fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ J=HÍâ◊O
ÖËHõáÈ`Õ HõhãÖ Ñ¨k xq∞ëêÅáê@∞ =„*Ïã¨#O "≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. Ñ¨`«O[e =∞Ç¨Ïi¬
`«# Ü≥∂QÆã¨∂„`åÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Éè’[#O `«~åfi`« "≥Ü«∞º^Œy# XˆH XHõ Pã¨#O
=„*Ïã¨#O Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞. QÍOnèr ‰õÄ_® gÖˇ·#Ñ¨C_»ÖÏ¡ Z‰õΩ¯=ã¨=∞Ü«∞O D
=„*Ïã¨#OÖ’<Õ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx LO_Õ"å~°∞. =∞~˘Hõ ã¨∂„`«O =∞#O Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∞# =∞#ã¨∞û z`«Î=Ú, Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ LO_®e, z`«Î=Ú,
=∞#ã¨∞û Jx Ô~O_»∞ ã≤÷`«∞Å∞ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. "≥∂„_»<£ Ãã·<£ûÖ’ J~Ú`Õ Wq
Ô~O_»∂ÖË=Ù. "å~°∞ „Éˇ~Ú<£ JO\Ï~°∞. "≥∞ÿO_£ JO\Ï~°∞, „Éˇ~Ú<£ "Õ~°∞ z`«ÎO
"Õ~∞° , "≥∞Oÿ _£ "Õ~∞° , =∞#ã¨∞û "Õ~∞° "åQÆƒ@ù ∞ ÅO\Ï~°∞. =∞#ã¨∞û z`«OÎ „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ
LO_®e. WÖÏ LO_»ÖÏO>Ë UO K≥Ü«∂ºe, |Ç¨ïâß WO^Œ∞ˆH<Õ"≥∂ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO
=∞#‰õΩ Éè’[<åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ Éèí[# KÕ¿ã ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞O L#flk. HõhãÖ
ÉèQí =Æ O`«∞_çx „áêi÷Oz`Õ =∞#‰õΩ „Ñ¨âßO`«`« =ã¨∞OÎ k. Hõ#∞Hõ Éè’[# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
=∞#ã¨∞ z`«ÎO „Ñ¨âßO`«`«QÍ LOK«∞HÀ\ÏxH˜ Éè’[#OQÍx, â’¡HÍÅ∞ QÍx,
=∞O„`åxfl QÍx K«kq ‰õÄ~ÀÛO_ç.
=∞~˘Hõ ã¨∂„`«O =∞#O U ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ #~Ú<å q„âßOu fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ@Ñ¨C_»∞
k‰õΩ¯Å#∞ ãïK«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. Wk q*Ï˝#O`À ‰õÄ_ç# "åã¨∞Îâß„ã¨ÎO =∞#O
Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩ<ÕÑ¨C_»∞ =∞# `«Å ã¨∂~°∞ºx"≥·Ñ¨Ù LO_ÕÖÏ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. JO>Ë `«Å
`«∂~°∞Ê"≥Ñ· Ù¨ ÃÑ\˜ì Ñ¨_∞» HÀ"åe. JÖÏ ‰õΩ^Œ~H° áõ È`Õ ^ŒH}∆˜ Ï# `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì Ñ¨_∞» HÀ"åe.
T~°O`å K≥Ñ≤Ê<å L`«Î~°O `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì Ñ¨_»∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞ JO\Ï~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
Wk =∞$`«∞º=Ù‰õΩ kâ◊, Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩ<Õ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Wk q∞ye# Jxfl
Ñ¨#∞Å‰õΩ =∞Oz^Õ.
K«^Œ∞=Ù‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ U^≥·<å JÉèÏº™êxH˜ L`«Î~° kâ◊ =∞Ozk. ˆH=ÅO
Ñ¨_»∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜ =∂„`«O L`«Î~° kâ◊ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. ZHõ¯_≥·<å K«xáÈ~Ú# =ºH˜Îx
L`«Î~° kâ◊ `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì LOK«∞`å~°∞. =∞Ç¨Ïi¬ ^ŒÜ«∂#O^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Pã¨#O
ãÖ™ê¯~° qkè J<Õ „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ WÖÏ<Õ K≥Ñ≤Ê L<åfl~°∞. =∞#‰õΩ "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞
‰õÄ_® W^Õq^èOŒ QÍ K≥ÑÊ≤ <å~°∞. nxH˜ "≥*· Ï˝xHõ Ñ¨ûúŒ U=∞O>Ë =∞x+≤ â◊s~åxH˜,
Éè∂í q∞H˜ =∞^èºŒ QÆ∞~°∞`åfiHõ~¬° } â◊HÎ˜ LO@∞Ok. Wk qHõ~¬° }ÏxH˜ QÆ∞i J=Ù`«∞Ok.
nx=Å¡ =∞#H˜ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩ<Õ@Ñ¨C_»∞ L`«Î~°O
`«ÅÃÑ\˜ì Ñ¨_»∞HÀHõO_ç, `«∂~°∞Ê"≥·Ñ¨Ù ÖË^• ^ŒH˜∆}kâ◊"≥·Ñ¨Ù q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀO_ç.
WHõ =∞~˘Hõ ã¨∂„`«O. ™ê^è∞Œ =ÙÅ∞, ãÖ`üÅ∞, „|Ç¨Ï‡K«~º° O J=ÅOaèOKÕ"å~°∞
`«∂~°∞Ê# `«Å =ÙOz Ñ¨_»∞HÀO_ç. q∞ye# "å~°O^Œ~°∂ ^ŒH˜∆}O"≥·Ñ¨Ù `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì
Ñ¨_»∞H˘#O_ç. Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ á⁄_»∞QÆ∞ ÃÑ~°QÍÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë "åix ^ŒH˜∆}O"≥·Ñ¨Ù `«Å=ÙOz
Ñ¨_»∞HÀÉˇ@ìO_ç. =¸_»∞ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê QÆ=∞xOK«O_ç. "å~°∞
K«Hõ¯QÍ á⁄_»∞QÆ∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`å~°∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : *ˇ·# ^èŒ~°‡OÖ’ ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ L^Œ~ÚOz# `«~åfi`« 48 xq∞ëêÅ‰õΩ
h~°∞ „`åQÆ=∞x L#flk.
["å|∞ : x["Õ∞ =∞#<À\˜Ö’x ÖÏÖÏ[ÅOÖ’ H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O LO_»@O=Å¡
h\˜Ö’ LO_Õ ã¨∂Hõ∆ ‡„áê}∞Å∞ K«xáÈ`å~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ r=Ç≤ÏOã¨ KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞
J<Õ L^ÕÌâ◊O`À JÖÏ K≥áêÊ~°∞. g∞~°∞ *ˇ·#∞Öˇ·`Õ J^Õq^èŒOQÍ J#∞ãïOK«O_ç.
ÖËHõáÈ`Õ Wk J#=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# Ç≤ÏOã¨HÍ^Œ∞ Hõ#∞Hõ g∞ P~ÀQÆºO HÀãÖ L+¨ó
áê<åxfl fã¨∞HÀO_ç.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : `Õ<≥, <≥~Úº q~°∞^ŒúO J<åfl~°∞, HÍh Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# a_»¤‰õΩ `Õ<≥, <≥~Úº
<åH˜™êÎ~°∞ Hõ^•.
["å|∞ : D ã¨ O „Ñ¨ ^ •Ü« ∂ xfl JO^Œ ~ ° ∂ áê\˜ O K« ~ ° ∞ . H˘O^Œ ˆ ~
J#∞ãï™êÎ~°∞, "å~°∞ `Õ<≥, <≥~Úº`À áê@∞QÍ, QÀ=¸„`åxfl HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù`å~°∞.
HÍ|\˜ì Ñ¨~åfiÖË^Œ∞. HÍx g∞~°∞ =∂„`«O JÖÏ K≥Ü«∞ºHõO_ç. WHõ H˘O^Œ~°∞
Ñ¨ã≤Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# "≥O@<Õ K«~°‡O ~°OQÆ∞=∂ˆ~ "åºkè =ã¨∞ÎOk. "åiH˜ WÖÏ
K≥Ü«∞º@"Õ∞ B+¨^èŒ=Ú JO^ŒiH© =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : J~°∞˚# =$Hõ∆O Éˇ~°_»∞ fã¨∞HÀ=@O =Å¡ =¸„`« Ñ≤O_®ÅÖ’
~åà◊√§ =™êÎÜ«∂?
["å|∞ : J~°∞˚# =$Hõ∆O Éˇ~°_»∞=Å¡ =¸„`«Ñ≤O_®ÅÖ’ ~åà◊√§~å=Ù. g∞~°∞
ã¨∞#flO Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ~åà◊√§ =KÕÛ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=Ú#flk.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : L^ŒÜ«∞O =¸„`«qã¨~°˚#H˜ =ÚO^Õ =∞Ozhà◊√§ „`åQÍÖÏ `«~åfi`«
„`åQÍÖÏ?
["å|∞ : D q+¨Ü«∞O =ÚO^Œ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : HõëêÜ«∞O ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û<å?
["å|∞ : HõëêÜ«∞O ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û HÍh L^ŒÜ«∞OÑ¨Ó@
fã¨∞HÀ=@"Õ∞ g∞‰õΩ =∞Ozk.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ~ÀE L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl \© „`åˆQ JÅ"å@∞ =ÙO>Ë "åiH˜ U"≥∞ÿ<å
„Ñ¨=∂^Œ=∂?
["å|∞ : \© „`åQÆ_»O=Å¡ =KÕÛ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO JO^Œ∞Ö’x K«ÔH¯~°=Å¡<Õ D
K«HÔ ¯~°H˜ \©H˜ ãïáÈ^Œ∞. g∞~°∞ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊ "åã¨∞Å∞ HÍ|\˜ì WHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°}ÏxH˜
\©– HÍÑ¶‘ – =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞. HÍh g∞‰õΩ JÅ"å@~ÚºOk =∂#∞HÀÖËO. JO>Ë
\©Ö’ K«HÔ ¯~° |^Œ∞Å∞QÍ ÉˇÅO¡ "Õã∞¨ HÀO_ç. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ÉˇÅO¡ H∆Í~°Q∞Æ }O Hõey#k.
K«ÔH¯~° P=∞¡QÆ∞}O Hõey#k. ÑÖK«^•~° r~°‚=∞Ü«∂ºHõ Ü«∂ã≤_£ q∞QÆ∞Å∞`«∞Ok.
ÉˇÅO¡ r~°=‚ ∞Ü«∂ºHõ ^•x JOuQÆ∞}O H∆Í~°Q∞Æ }=∞~Ú LO@∞Ok. g∞ Hõ_∞» Ñ¨ÙÖ’
WÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH P=∂¡Å∞ JkèHõOQÍ LO\Ï~Ú. L^ŒÜ«∞O ÑÖK«^•~° HõeÑ≤# \©x
fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë g∞Ö’x Zã≤_\ç x© WOHÍ ÃÑOK«∞`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ \© „`åQÍÅO>Ë
ÉˇÅ¡O`À KÕã≤# \©x „`åQÆO_ç WOHÍ áêÅ∞ "Õã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_®, \©x „`åQÆO_ç nxfl
ÉÏ¡H\± © JO\Ï~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ x=∞‡HÍÜ«∞ ~°ãO¨ Ñ≤O_»∞HÀO_ç. Wk KåÖÏ=∞Ozk.
HÍx nxHõO>Ë =ÚO^Œ∞ =∞Oz h~°∞ QÆ∞@Hõ QÆ∞@HõQÍ ã≤fiÑπ KÕã¨∂Î „`åQÆ_»O
=∞~°z áÈHõO_ç WOHÍ g∞‰õΩ \© H˘~°‰õΩ |*Ï~°∞Ö’ ^˘iˆH á⁄_ç ZO`«=∂„`«=¸
=∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. P‰õΩÅ`À `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤# \©á⁄_ç ^˘iH˜`Õ fã¨∞HÀO_ç
KåÖÏ=∞Ozk.
„Ñ¨âfl◊ : H˘xfl ^ÕâßÅÖ’ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ =„*Ïã¨#OÖ’ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO\Ï~°∞
=∞Oz^Õ<å?
["å|∞ : J=Ù#∞ H˘xfl ^ÕâßÖ’¡ "åi "å`å=~°}ÏxH˜ =∞Ozk. =∞#H˜
=∂„`«O ã¨∞MÏã¨#O ÖË^• Q˘O`«∞Hõ ‰õÄ~˘Ûx Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∞º@O =∞Ozk.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : h~°∞ ZO`« „`åQÍe?
["å|∞ : h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O XH˘¯Hõ¯iH˜ XHÀ¯q^èŒOQÍ LO@∞Ok. g∞~°∞ 60
H˜Ö’Å |~°∞=Ù =ÙO>Ë 60 H˜ 10 KÕ ÉèÏyOz`Õ 6 =ã¨∞ÎOk. nxÖ’ #∞O_ç 2
fã≤"Õ¿ãÎ 4 =ã¨∞ÎOk. g∞~°∞ 24 QÆO@Ö’¡ 4 b@~°¡ h~°∞ fã¨∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. J^Õ
g∞~°∞ 70 H˜Ö’Å |~°∞=Ù =ÙO>Ë 70x 10KÕ ÉèÏy¿ãÎ 7 =ã¨∞ÎOk. ^•xÖ’
#∞O_ç 2 fã≤"Õ¿ãÎ5 =ã¨∞ÎOk. g∞~°∞ 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÍe. WÖÏ g∞ |~°∞=Ù#∞
|\˜ì h~°∞#∞ „`åQÆO_ç. g∞~°∞#fl |~°∞=Ù#∞ 10`À\˜ ÉèÏyOz 2#∞ fã≤"Õ¿ãÎ
=zÛ#k g∞~°∞ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h\˜ âß`«O K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩx „`åQÆO_ç.
"å`«, Ñ≤`«Î, HõÑ¶¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ÀQÍÅ∞

WÑ¨ Ê \˜ #∞Oz "åQÆ ƒ ù \ ÏKå~° ∞ ºx ã¨ ∂ „`åÅÖ’ zH˜ ` « û Å QÆ ∞ iOz
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. "åQÆƒù@∞ÅO\Ï~°∞ D „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ H˘xfl Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞ "å`«,
Ñ≤`,Î« HõÑ=¨¶ ÚÅ∞ =¸_çO\˜h „Hõ=∞OQÍ LOK«∞`å~Ú. H˘xfl Ñ¨^•~åúÅ∞, "å`åxfl,
H˘xfl Ñ≤`åÎxfl, WOH˘xfl Hõá¶êxfl ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ LOK«∞`å~Ú. "å`åxfl ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ
LOK«\ÏxH˜ =∞# Wà◊§Ö’ LO_Õ Ñ¨^•~°úO `≥·ÅO. g∞~°∞ =O@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ
#∂<≥, Wk g∞ "å`åxfl ã¨=∞Ü«∞ÉèÏ=O`À LOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# `≥·ÅO g∞
"å`å=~°}Ïxfl ÃÑ~°QÆhÜ«∞‰õΩO_® LOK«∞`«∞Ok. â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ#k JO>Ë <å<£
iÃÑ¶·O_£#∂<≥ Ug∞ HõÅÑ¨‰õΩO_® QÍ#∞QÆ #∞O_ç ã¨~åãï `≥K«∞Û‰õΩ#fl #∂<≥
"å_®e. =∞i WÑ¨C_»∞ H˘O^Œ~°∞ iÃÑ¶·O_£ WOHÍ _»|∞Öò iÃÑ¶·O_£ #∂<≥Å#∞
"å_»=∞O@∞<åfl~°∞ Hõ^•. =∞Ô~·`Õ U^≥·<å #∂<≥ KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ g∞‰õΩ gÖˇ·`Õ
QÆ=∞xOK«O_ç. iÃÑ¶·O_£ #∂<≥ KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ 6 ~°HÍÅ ÔHq∞HõÖòû "å_»∞`å~°∞.
J^Õ _»|∞Öò iÃÑ¶·O_£ KÕ¿ã@Ñ¨C_»∞ 13 ~°HÍÅ ÔHq∞HõÖòû#∞ "å_»∞`å~°∞. P
ÔHq∞HõÖòû Jhfl =∞x+≤ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞|_ç#q. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x ^•fi~å `«Ü«∂~°∞
KÕã≤# U ÔHq∞HõÖò #∂<≥#∞ iÃÑ¶·O_£ KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_çzÛ#
ÔHq∞HõÖòx P~åæxH± JO\Ï~°∞. „Ñ¨Hõ$u #∞Oz =zÛ# U P~åæ<£ ‰õÄ_® #∂<≥#∞
iÃÑO·¶ _£ K≥Ü∞« º\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨xH˜~å^Œ∞. =∞x+≤ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÆâßÅÖ’ `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã#≤ HÔ q∞HõÖòû
=∂„`«"∞Õ #∂<≥#∞ iÃÑO·¶ _£ K≥Ü∞« º\ÏxH˜ Ñ¨xH˜=™êÎ~Ú. W"Õ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ qëêxfl
`«Ü«∂~°∞KÕ™êÎ~Ú. "å\˜ HÍOa<Õ+¨<£ ~å#∞ ~å#∞ q+¨`«∞Åº"Õ∞ J=Ù`«∞Ok.
<Õ_∞» ã¨=∂[OÖ’ P^è∞Œ xHõ`« ¿Ñ~°∞`À =∞#O ~°H~õ H° ÍÅ∞QÍ "å_Õ D W<£ P~åæxH±
HÔ q∞HõÖòû =ÚO^Œ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ "å@O`«@ J"Õ qëêxfl Ñ¨Ù\˜™ì êÎ~Ú.
Hõ#∞Hõ á⁄~°áê@∞# ‰õÄ_® D iÃÑ¶·O_£ #∂<≥Å#∞ fã¨∞HÀHõO_ç. rq`åO`«O
"å`åxfl „Hõ=∞OÖ’ LOKåÅO>Ë g∞~°∞ â◊√^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ `≥Ö· Ïxfl "å_»∞HÀ=@"Õ∞ =∞Ozk.
D â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥‰õΩ "åã¨# Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok, ÉÏQÍ lQÆ∞~°∞,
lQÆ∞~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. zHõ¯QÍ "åã¨# =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. #∂<≥Ö’ LO_»=Åã≤#
=ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# JOâ◊O lQÆ∞~°∞ Ñ¨^•~°÷"Õ∞, P lQÆ∞~°∞#∞ "Õ~°∞KÕ¿ãÎ #∂<Õ q∞QÆÅ^Œ∞.
WHõ #∂<≥Ö’ LO_Õ =∞~˘Hõ =ÚYº Ñ¨^•~°÷O „á⁄\©<£û Ñ¨Ñ¨C^è•<åºÅÖ’ LO_Õ
JkèH"õ ∞≥ #ÿ „á⁄\©<û£ , ~Ô O_»=™ê÷#O, â◊√^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ #∂<≥. J^Õ g∞‰õΩ "åã¨# ~°∂ÑÖÖ’
LO_Õ P~åæxH± HõO>ËO\ò P "åã¨# fã≤"Ü Õ ∞« _»O =Å# JO^Œ∞Ö’ LO_Õ „á⁄\©<û£ ,
á¶êº\©Ü«∂ã≤_£û ‰õÄ_® áÈ`å~Ú. WHõ JO^Œ∞Ö’ LO_Õk #∂<≥ HÍ^Œ∞ hàı§.
XHõ~°HõOQÍ. JO^Œ∞ˆH g∞ rq`åO`«O "å`«~ÀQÍÅ ÉÏi# Ñ¨_»‰õΩO_®
rqOKåÅO>Ë â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥#∞ "å_»∞HÀ"åe. ~ÀQÍÅ‰õΩ ~åA, "å`«~ÀQÍÅ∞
"≥∂HÍà◊§<˘Ñ≤Ê, #_»∞O<˘Ñ≤Ê, "≥∞_»<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞H˘x LO_Õq. JxflO\˜H<õ åfl
„Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿ#q Ç¨~üìZ\ÏH± Ñ¨Hõ∆"å`«=Ú, „Éˇ·<£@∂º=∞~ü =O\˜q. "å`«=Ú
Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈ=@O=Å¡ HÍh ÖË^• K≥_çáÈ=@O=Å¡HÍh HõÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú.
Jã¨Å∞ =∞# ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ 50 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO =~°‰õΩ D iÃÑ¶·O_£
P~ÚÖò ÖË^Œ∞. D =∞^èŒºHÍÅOÖ’<Õ H˘xfl HõOÃÑhÅ∞ H˘xfl q^Õj HõOÃÑhÅ∞
^•fi~å =zÛ#q Wq ZO`«=∂„`«=¸ "å_»`y« #q HÍ^Œ∞. D iÃÑO·¶ _£ P~ÚÖòÖ’
"åã¨#, lQÆ∞~°∞. Ô~O_»∂ =ÙO_»=Ù. Jã¨Å∞ =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ #∂<≥=Å¡ Uq∞
=ã¨∞OÎ k JO>Ë ÃÇÏ· _≥xû\© eáÈ „á⁄\©<£ Wk #∂<≥Å #∞O_Õ â◊s~åxH˜ Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k.
x*ÏxH˜ Wk `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞ºk e=~üÖ’<Õ Jn #∂<≥ u#flÑ¨C_Õ JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ g∞~°∞
â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë<Õ e=~ü ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O`À ÃÇÏKü._ç.Ü«∞Öò. Z‰õΩ¯=
"≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. <Õ\ ˜ sÃã~üÛ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O "å`åxfl HõO„\’Öò KÕ¿ãk
D ÃÇÏKü._ç.Ü«∞Öò. =∂„`«"Õ∞ Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥#∞ "å_ç`Õ g∞~°∞
rq`åO`«O P~ÀQÆºOQÍ rqOK«QÆÅ~°∞.
HÍh g∞~°#=K«∞Û WÑ¨C_»∞ D â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥ Z‰õ¯_® ^˘~°Hõ@OÖË^Œ∞
Hõ^• Jx g∞~°∞ ZÑ¨C_≥·`Õ J_»QÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ_»`å~À JÑ¨C_»∞ "åºáê~°∞Å∞
`≥Ñ≤ÊOK«\ÏxH˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞ufl™êÎ~°∞. JO^Œ~°∂ J_»QÆ@O K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. iÃÑ¶·O_£ #∂<≥
=∂‰õΩ=^Œ∞Ì. â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥ =∂‰õΩ HÍ"åe J#O_ç g∞‰õΩ `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_®
^˘~°∞‰õΩ`«∞Ok. „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ^˘iˆH „Ñ¨^Õâ◊O K«fÎãπQÆ_£
JHõ¯_» #∂<≥ QÍ#∞QÆÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. #∞=ÙfiÅ "Õ~°∞ â◊#QÆÅ∞ ‰õÄ_®
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ JHõ¯_» Åaè™êÎ~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì g∞~°∞ ‰õÄ_® #∂<≥ QÍ#∞QÆÅ∞ U~åÊ@∞
KÕã¨∞‰õΩx =∞Oz â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥#∞ "å_»O_ç. rq`åO`«O "å`«~ÀQÍÅ #∞O_ç
|Ü« ∞ @Ñ¨ _ » O _ç "å`åxfl x"åiOK« \ ÏxH˜ â◊ √ ^Œ ú " ≥ ∞ ÿ # #∂<≥ Ñ≤ ` åÎ x fl
x"åiOK«\ÏxH˜ – ^Õâ"◊ åo P=Ù<≥~Úº, Qˆ ^≥<~≥ Úº H˘O^ŒiH˜ =∂„`«"∞Õ =∞Ozk.
"å~°∞ ‰õΩã‘ÎÑ¨@∞¡, ^ŒO_ôÅ∞, |ã‘¯Å∞ f¿ã"åiH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ ˆQ^≥<≥~Úº =∞Ozk.
QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞÷Å∞ =∂„`«O P=Ù<≥~Úº "å_»=Öˇ#∞.
Ñ≤`«Î ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ =∞# rq`«OÖ’ ~å‰õΩO_® LO_®ÅO>Ë =∞#O
~ÀE fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤#k P=Ù<≥~Úº ^Õâ◊"åo P=Ù<≥~Úº. HõÑ¶Ö#∞ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ
LOKåÅO>Ë JxflO\˜Hõ<åfl L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#k ÉˇÅ¡O, `Õ<≥. HõÑ¶Ö â◊s~°OÖ’
„Ñ¨HÀÑ≤Oz#Ñ¨C_»∞ HõÑO¨¶ âßOuOK«\ÏxH˜ ÉˇÅO¡ #∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«=∞<åfl~°∞. HÍh
ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl K≥~°‰õΩ #∞O_Õ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ™êÎ~°∞. J~Ú`Õ K≥~°‰õΩ ~°™êxfl Ñïâ’kè¿ãÎ
á¶êã¨Ê~ù ã° π Z‰õΩ¯= ÖË^∞Œ K≥~‰° Ωõ ~°ãO¨ #∞ "Õ_Kç ãÕ ≤ ÉˇÅO¡ QÍ =∂iÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ á¶êã¨Ê~ù ã° π
J`«ºkèHõOQÍ L#flk. ÉˇÅ¡O Q˘Ñ¨Ê`«#O UO@O>Ë P~ÀA Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# a_»¤‰õΩ ‰õÄ_®
uxÑ≤OK« `«y# PÇ¨~°O ÉˇÅ¡O, J~Ú`Õ ÉˇÅ¡O Uk =∞Ozk |*Ï~°∞Ö’ `≥Å¡QÍ
L#fl ÉˇÅ¡O ^˘~°∞‰õΩ`«∞Ok Hõ^•. J=Ù#∞ ÉˇÅ¡O ZO`« `≥Å¡QÍ LO>Ë Jk
JO`«q+Ö POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ =∞#^ÕâßxH˜ =zÛ#Ñ¨Ê\˜ #∞Oz =∞#‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ
|∞„~°ÔHH˜¯# Éèí∂`«O `≥Å¡^Œ#O, „Ñü=ã¨∞Î=Ó `≥Å¡QÍ LO_®e Jx HÀ~°∞HÀ=@O
"åQÆƒù@∞x ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O „Ñ¨Hõ$uÖ’x U Ñ¨^•~°ú"≥∞ÿ<å `≥Å¡QÍ LO>Ë Jk
=∞#‰õΩ JO`« J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞#ÿ k HÍ^Œ∞. nxfl ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞~°∞OÎ K«∞HÀ=Åã≤# q+¨Ü∞« O
Qˆ ^≥áêÅ∞ `≥ÅQ¡ Í LO\Ï~Ú Jq JO^ŒiH© =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. Hˆ =ÅO ÃÑÇ¨ÏÖÏfi#¡‰Ωõ
=∂„`«"Õ∞ =∞Ozk. P=ÙáêÅ∞ Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO\Ï~Ú. Jq g∞‰õΩ ZO`À
LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆO. JÖÏˆQ K≥~°‰õΩ~°ãÖ `≥Å¡QÍ LO_»^Œ∞. HÍh ÉˇÅ¡O `≥Å¡QÍ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ
L#flk. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ÉˇÅ¡OÖ’x `≥Å¡^Œ<åxH˜ HÍ~°}O "å+≤OQ∑áœ_»~ü. ZO`«
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å+≤OQ∑ áœ_»~ü "å_ç`Õ ÉˇÅ¡O JO`« Z‰õΩ¯= `≥Å¡QÍ =ã¨∞ÎOk. Wk
KåÖÏ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°O. Jã¨Å∞ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ÉˇÅ¡OÜ≥ÚHõ¯ Jã¨Å∞ ~°OQÆ∞ KåÔH¡\ò
HõÅ~üÖ’ LO@∞Ok. J^Õ ''~åy—— ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ LO_Õ ÉˇÅ¡O „âı+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#k. nx<Õ
g∞~°∞ „Ñü~ÀE LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞HÀO_ç.)
WHõ ÉˇÅ¡O HÍ‰õΩO_® LO_Õ fÑ≤ =ã¨∞Î=Ù U^≥·<å JO`« =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
=ÚYºOQÍ K«ÔH¯~° Wk Jã¨ûÅ∞ =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. nx `«Ü«∂sH˜ ‰õÄ_® K≥~°‰õΩ<Õ
"å_»`å~°∞. HÍh Wk Ü«¸~°Ñπ^ÕâßÅÖ’ "å~°∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕâß~°∞. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞
K≥~°‰õΩ`À ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl =∂„`«"Õ∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕâß~°∞. `Õ_® Uq∞@O>Ë ÑÖK«^•~°
`«Ü«∂~°∞HÍQÍ<Õ JO^Œ∞Ö’x á¶êã¨Êù~°ãπ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ JO`«"≥∞ÿáÈ`«∞Ok. HÍh =∞#‰õΩ
Hõá¶êxfl ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ LOK«\ÏxH˜ á¶êã¨Êù~°ãπ ZO`À =ÚYºO. Wk ÉˇÅ¡OÖ’<Õ
LO@∞Ok. K«ÔH¯~° ZO`«\ ˜ ÔHq∞HõÖò JO>Ë Jk =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ r~°‚=∞Ü«∂ºHõ
q∞yÖËk Ü«∂ã≤_£, J^Õ ÉˇÅ¡O r~°‚=∞Ü«∂ºHõ q∞yÖËk H∆Í~°O, =∞#O „Ñü~ÀA
áêÅ∞, \©, WÖÏ JxflO\˜Ö’#∂ K«ÔH¯~° "å_»HõO=Å¡ ^•x #∞O_ç `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º
Ü«∂ã≤_£ HÍ~°}OQÍ =∞#Ö’ =KÕÛq "å`«~ÀQÍÅ∞.
JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#O ÉˇÅ¡O "å_ç`Õ, =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º P=∂¡Å#∞
Éˇ Å ¡ O Ö’x H∆ Í ~° Q Æ ∞ }O Hõ O „\’Öò KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î O k, xÜ« ∞ O„uã¨ ∞ Î O k. =∞#efl
P~ÀQÆº=O`«∞xQÍ LOK«∞`«∞Ok.
K«ÔH¯~°x r~°‚O K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ =∞# Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù ZO`À Hõ+ì̈Ñ¨_»=Åã≤ LO@∞Ok.
HÍh ÉˇÅ¡O uO>Ë Jk g∞~°∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl W`«~° PÇ¨~åxfl ‰õÄ_® ÉˇÅ¡"Õ∞ r~°‚O
KÕ ã ¨ ∞ Î O k. JO`« Q˘Ñ¨ Ê k, Éˇ Å ¡ O J~Ú`Õ Éˇ Å ¡ O „Ñ¨ u ~ÀE ZÖÏ
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞HÀ"åe. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`À\˜ Hõeã≤ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. áêÅ∞ „`åy ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl
u#=K«∞Û ÖË^• ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl ux áêÅ∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. áêÅ`À ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl HõeÑ≤
"å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. cÇ¨~üÖ’ ^ŒÇ≤ÏK«∂_® Jx uO\Ï~°∞. Wk KåÖÏ Q˘Ñ¨Ê PÇ¨~°O
Ju^äŒ∞Å‰õΩ W^Õ ÃÑ_»`å~°∞. XHõ HõÑ¨CÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ LOz ^•xg∞^Œ ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl
HõeÑ≤ LOK«∞`å~°∞. Hõ#∞Hõ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`À ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl HõeÑ≤ u#O_ç =∞Ozk. WOHÍ
#∞=ÙfiÅ∞ ÉˇÅO¡ HõeÑ≤ LO_» KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩx u#O_ç. KåÖÏ =∞Ozk. JÖÏˆQ "Õ~∞° â◊#QÆ
QÆ∞à◊√§ ÉˇÅ¡O HõeÑ≤ Ñ¨Ñ¨CO_» KÕã¨∞‰õΩx u#O_ç. nx=Å¡ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’x P=∂¡Å∞
âßOu™êÎ~Ú. Wq g∞~°∞ #=O|~ü, _çÃãO|~ü, [#=s, Ñ¶≤„|=s =∂™êÖ’¡
Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙxO_® u#O_ç. nx=Å¡ g∞‰õΩ HõÑ¶Ö xÜ«∞O„`«}Ö’ LO@∞Ok.
HõÑ¶¨~ÀQÍÅÖ’ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ"≥∞ÿ#k. ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O, ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O `«QÍæÅO>Ë
Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙxO_® ÉˇÅ¡O u#O_ç. "Õ~°∞â◊#QÆ QÆ∞à◊√§, #∞=ÙfiÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ u#O_ç HÍh
g∞~°∞ J#∞HÀ=K«∞Û. #∞=ÙfiÅÖ’ #∂<≥ LO@∞Ok Hõ^• Jx J~Ú`Õ #∞=ÙfiÅÖ’
LO_Õ #∂<≥ (ÃÇÏKü._ç.Ü«∞Öò.) g∞‰õΩ "Õ∞Å∞ KÕ¿ãk, (Ü«∞Öò._ç.Ü«∞Öò/
q.Ü«∞Öò._ç.Ü«∞Öò.) Ç¨xKÕ¿ãk HÍ^Œ∞. g∞‰õΩ (Ü«∞Öò._ç.Ü«∞Öò. / q.Ü«∞Öò._ç.Ü«∞Öò)
Ç¨xKÕ¿ã H˘=Ùfi =Å¡<Õ ã¨∂Å÷ HÍÜ«∞O =ã¨∞OÎ k. "Õ∞Å∞ KÕ¿ã H˘=Ùfi (ÃÇÏKü._ç.Ü«∞Öò.)
ZÑ¨C_≥·`Õ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞O^À ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. HÍ"åÅO>Ë g∞~°∞ XHõ
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO KÕÜ«∞O_ç. Éè’[#O KÕã≤# "≥O@<Õ #∞=ÙfiÅ#∞ ÉÏQÍ#q∞e u#O_ç.
XHõ =¸_»∞, <åÅ∞QÆ∞ <≥ÅÅ∞ u#O_ç. HõhãÖ 7, 8 H˜Ö’Å |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞.
#Å¡#∞=ÙfiÅ∞ uO>Ë WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞. J~Ú`Õ #∞=ÙfiÅ∞ u#\ÏxH˜
J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# ã¨=∞Ü«∞O K«eHÍÅO =∂„`«"Õ∞. "Õã¨qÖ’ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞ JO>Ë
H∆Í~°`«`«fiO L#fl PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞HÀ=@O=Å¡ g∞ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok,
"≥∂HÍà◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ "Õ¿ãÎ _®Hõì~üû JO\Ï~°∞. Ü«¸iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£=Å¡ =KåÛ~Ú.
Jx Ü«¸iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£ JO>Ë P=∂¡Å∞ g\˜x `«yæOK«\ÏxH˜, ÉˇÅ¡O LOk,
#∞=ÙfiÅ∞ L#flk. WOHÍ `Õ<≥‰õÄ_® L#flk.
WHõ Ñ≤`«ÎO q+¨Ü«∂xH˜ =¿ãÎ ^•xH˜ =ÚYº =ã¨∞Î=Ù <≥~Úº, P=Ù<≥~Úº
Wk Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# ã¨=∞Ü«∞O, =~å¬HÍÅO, ZO_®HÍÅO D HÍÖÏÖ’¡
<≥~Úº "å_»HOõ =Å¡ g∞ Ñ≤ÒÎ« â◊q∞OÑ¨|_ç LO@∞Ok. QÆ∞~°∞OÎ k Hõ^•, â◊√^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ
<≥~Úº ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç.
WHõ "å`«, Ñ≤`«Î, Hõá¶êxfl xÜ«∞O„uOKÕ WOHÍ H˘xfl\˜ QÆ∞iOz
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ JO\Ï~°∞. =O\˜ÖË¡ "≥·^ŒºâßÅ =∞#O "Õ\ ˜<≥·`Õ
=∞™êÖÏÅ∞ JO@∞<åfl"≥∂ J=hfl ~ÀQÆ x"å~°Hõ=∞O^Œ∞ÖË, Jã¨Å∞ D =∂™êÖÏ
J<Õ =∂@ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxk HÍ^Œ∞. J~°aH±, á¶êi≈<£ Ö’xk. JÖÏ Ç≤ÏOnÖ’H˜
=zÛ KÕi#k D =∞™êÖÏ J<Õ=∂@. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ g\˜x B+¨nè Jx J<Õ"å~°∞,
=∞# =O@ QÆkÖ’x =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅhfl ‰õÄ_® B+¨^•è Å∞, =∞# Ñ¨Ó~°∞fiÅ∞. =O@HÍÖ’¡<Õ
=∞# P~ÀQÍºxfl ã¨∂zOKÕ"å~°∞. ã¨ÇÏ¨ [OQÍ =∞#H˜ L^ŒÜ∂« <Õfl "å`«O Ñ¨xKÕã∂¨ Î
LO@∞Ok. =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO Ñ≤ÒÎ« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. ™êÜ«∞O„`«O HõÑO¨¶ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO@∞Ok. WÖÏ ~À[O`å ÃÇÏK«∞Û `«QÆ∞æÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. "å=Ú, Ñ≤`«Î <åâ◊HõO,
<≥~Úºk `«~°∞"åu ™ê÷#O, Ñ≤`åÎxfl `«yæOKÕk. "å=Ú, =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO =O@HÍÖ’¡
"å=Ú#∞ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. nx=Å¡ QÍºãπ, Zã≤_\ç ,© ã¨=∞ã¨º `«yáæ È`«∞Ok.
ÖËHõáÈ`Õ QÍºãπ„@|∞Öò ã¨=∞ã¨º L#fl"å~°∞ Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« H˘OK≥O #Å¡
LÑ¨C { "å=Ú HõeÑ≤ u#O_ç g∞ QÍºãπ ã¨=∞ã¨º =¸_»∞ <åÅ∞QÆ∞~ÀAÖ’¡
`«yáæ È`«∞Ok. Ñ≤`åÎxfl â◊q∞OÑ¨ KÕÜ∞« \ÏxH˜ =¸_À =ã¨∞=Î Ù rÅHõ„~° Wk `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù,
#Å∞Ñ¨ÙQÍ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞ LO@∞Ok. nxÖ’ `≥Å∞Ñ¨ÙHõO>Ë #Å∞Ñ¨Ù rÅHõ„~°
KåÖÏ=∞Ozk. WOHÀ Ñ¨^•~°ú=Ú WOQÆ∞=, =∞~À Ñ¨^•~°ú=Ú ^èŒxÜ«∂Å∞, Wq
Ñ¨zÛq =∞Ozk, ÖËx Ñ¨Hõ∆OÖ’ ZO_ç#q fã¨∞HÀO_ç. Ô~O_»∂ ã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ#
QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞ Hõey LO\Ï~Ú. Wq Ñ≤`åÎxfl â◊q∞OÑ¨KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ =ÚYº =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞.
QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç.
Hõá¶êxfl â◊q∞OÑ¨ KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ =ÚYºÑ¨^•~°÷=Ú ÉˇÅ¡O, `Õ<≥, *ˇ·#
ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞O J#∞ãïOKÕ"å~°~Ú`Õ `Õ<≥ "å_»HõO_ç. JO^Œ~°∂ ÉˇÅ¡=Ú#∞
"å_»∞HÀO_ç. Hõá¶êxfl `«yæOKÕ =∞~À Ñ¨^•~°úO âÁOiî âÁOiîH˜ =∞~˘Hõ ~°∂ÑÖ
JÅ¡=Ú, JÅ¡=Ú ZO_ç# `«~åfi`« âÁOiîQÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok. JÅ¡=ÚÖ’ Zxfl
qÅ∞=Å∞ LO\ÏÜ≥ ∂ Wk ZO_ç # `« ~ åfi`« nxqÅ∞=Å∞ =O^Œ Ô ~ @∞¡
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ JÅ¡=ÚHõO>Ë âÁOiî =∞Ozk. Hõá¶êxfl ^Œ∂~°O KÕ¿ã
=∞~˘Hõ\ ˜ `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ. Wk =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ L#fl ^•x<Õ fã¨∞HÀ"åe ÉÏQÍ
QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç, „Ñ¨Hõ$u #∞Oz ÅÉèíº=∞ÜÕ∞º"Õ Ñ¨^•~°ú"≥∞ÿ<å =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ P‰õΩÑ¨K«Û
~°OQÆ∞Ö’ L#fl"å\˜<Õ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞HÀO_ç. `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ ZO`« =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’
LO>Ë, JO`«=∞Ozk #Å¡QÍ L<åfl‰õÄ_® WOHÍ =∞Ozk. `«=∞Åáê‰õΩÖ’<Õ
âÁOiî HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û WOHÍ. ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl ‰õÄ_® `«=∞Åáê‰õΩÖ’"Õã≤
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. W=hfl ‰õÄ_® Hõá¶êxfl â◊q∞OÑ¨KÕ¿ãqÜÕ∞.
WHõ "å`« q+¨Ü«∂xfl K«∂^•ÌO – "å`åxfl â◊q∞OÑ¨KÕ¿ã J`«∞º`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#k,
â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# #∂<≥, nx`Àáê@∞QÍ ãÖH˜∆Ñ¨ÎOQÍ K≥Ñ¨Ê=Åã≤=¿ãÎ U U Ñ¨^•~åúÅÖ’
h\˜âß`«O JkèHõOQÍ LO@∞O^À J=hfl "å`« <åâ◊Hõ=ÚÖË, L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜,
áêÅ∞ áêÅÖ’ LO_Õk Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O hàı§, Hõ#∞Hõ áêÅ∞ "å`«<åâ◊#O `«~åfi`«
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞, WOHÍ =∞l˚QÆ. =∞l˚QÆÖ’ JkèHõ "≥∂`å^Œ∞ hˆ~. WHõ K≥~°‰õΩ~°ãÖ,
=∞iÜ«Ú ÑÖ_»¡~°™êÅ∞. W=hfl "å`«<åâ◊HÍÅ∞.
WHõ, "å`«=Ú, Ñ≤`«Î=Ú, HõÑ¶¨=Ú. D =¸_çO\˜h â◊q∞OÑ¨KÕ¿ã =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞
KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯= g\˜Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k – Lã≤i, Ô~O_»=k Hõ~°HÍ¯Ü«∞ =¸_»=k.
`å<≥ HÍÜ«∞, D=¸_»∞ Hõe¿ãÎ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. ''„uÑ¶¨Å—— "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ D
„uÑ¶¨Å QÆ∞iOz ZO`À Q˘Ñ¨ÊQÍ K≥áêÊ~°∞. J~Ú`Õ D „uÑ¶¨Å QÆ∞iOz XHõ
"≥∂`å^Œ∞#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëâß~°∞. ZO`À=∞Ok uÑ¶¨Å#∞ ã¨=∞áêà◊§Ö’ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yã¨∂Î
LO\Ï~°∞. Wk „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#OHÍ^Œ∞ „uÑ¶¨Å#∞ QÆ∞iOz ã¨∂zOz# "≥∂`å^Œ∞
K«∂¿ãÎ "≥Ú^Œ@ Hõ~°HÍ¯Ü«∞ 1 áêà◊§Ö’#∂, Ô~O_»=k `å<≥HÍÜ«∞, 2 áêà◊§Ö’#∞
=¸_»=k Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞, 3 áêà◊√§ LO_ÕÖÏQÍ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. Wk "å`«, Ñ≤`«Î,
Hõá¶êÅx â◊q∞OÑ¨KÕÜ«∞\ÏxHõ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ#k. Wk fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ q^è•#O QÆ∞iOz
K«∂^•ÌO. L^ŒÜ«∞O Ñ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨Å fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "åà◊√§ ÉˇÅ¡O`À HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ"åe
ÖË^•, `Õ<≥`À\˜ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨Å fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞. áêÅ`À\˜
ÖË^• "Õ_hç \˜`À\˜ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ áêÅ`À ÖË^• "Õ_hç à◊§Ö’
„uÑ¶Å¨ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Jk ~ˆ K«HOõ QÍ Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ OÎ k. JO>Ë Hõ_∞» Ñ¨Ù#∞ â◊√„ÉèOí KÕã∞¨ OÎ k.
ÃÑ^ŒÌ ¿ÑQÆ∞#∞, WÖÏ â◊s~°OÖ’x Jhfl J=Ü«∞"åÅx â◊√„ÉèOí KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. =∞Å|^ŒHú Oõ
áÈQ˘_»∞`«∞Ok, ZO`ÀHÍÅOQÍ L#fl =∞Å|^ŒúHÍxfl ‰õÄ_» x"åiã¨∞ÎOk.
L^ŒÜ∞« OÑ¨Ó@ ÉˇÅO¡ `ÀQÍh, `Õ<`≥ ÀQÍx „uÑ¶Å¨ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Jk áÈ+¨HOõ QÍ
Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. áÈ+¨HõO JO>Ë â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# áÈ+¨HÍÅx JOkã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞# â◊s~åxH˜ „Ñü~ÀE q@q∞<£ ã≤.Z._ç.ÔH. WÖÏ q@q∞<£û Jhfl HÍ"åe.
WOHÍ "≥∞„ÿ HÀ #∂º„\˜Ü∞« <£û HÍ"åe. HÍe¬Ü∞« O, S~°<£ WÖÏ Jxfl~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞
â◊s~åxH˜ JO^•ÅO>Ë L^ŒÜ«∞OÑ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨ÖÏxfl ÉˇÅ¡O`À fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
=∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ"åÅ<åfl WOˆH^≥·<å ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ áÈ"åÅO>Ë „uÑ¶¨Å~å„u
Ñ¨Ó@ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. P~ÀQÆº=O`«∞Öˇ·`Õ L^ŒÜ«∞OÑ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨ÅO fã¨∞HÀO_ç.
U^≥·<å "≥∂`å^Œ∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç –
1. ÉèÏQÆO Hõ~°HÍ¯Ü«∞, 2. ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ `å<≥HÍÜ«∞, 3. ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞.
H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ# ~ÀQÍÅ‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ „uÑ¶¨Å ã¨=∞áêà◊§Ö’
fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎOk. XHõ ~°HõOQÍ K≥áêÊÅO>Ë ˆ~_çÜÕ∞+¨<£ D ã¨=∞ã¨ºH˜
„uÑ¶¨Å ã¨=∞ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë =∞Oz Ñ¶ë`«O á⁄O^Œ∞`å~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞O
J"≥∞iHÍÅO\˜ ^ÕâßÅ "åiH˜ `≥e¿ãÎ "å~°∞ "≥O@<Õ „uÑ¶¨Åg∞^Œ ¿Ñ>ˇO\òû
fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. =∞#H˜ „uÑ¶¨ÖÏÅ∞ q™êÎ~°OQÍ ^˘~°∞‰õΩ`å~Ú. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#H˜
K«∞ÅHõ#QÍ LO@∞Ok. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ =∞# g∞^Œ ZO`À Hõ$Ñ¨`À =∞#H˜ Wq
JOkOKå_»∞.
g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞ =∞#H˜ ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Åaè™êÎÜ≥∂ D
Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞`À K«º=#„áêâ◊ºO Jx `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤ 200‰õΩ ÃÑ·QÍ ˆ~@∞‰õΩ
J=Ú‡`å~°∞. ^•xHõO>Ë ZO`À LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆ"≥∞ÿ#k. „uÑ¶¨Å HÍ|\˜ì g∞~°∞
rq`åO`«O "å`«, Ñ≤`«Î, Hõá¶êÅ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ LOKåÅO>Ë, „uÑ¶¨Å#∞
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«O_ç. q_çq_çQÍ ‰õÄ_® Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞#∞, Hõ~H° Í¯Ü«∞#∞, `å<≥HÍÜ«∞#∞
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. g∞Ö’ Z=Ô~·<å "Õ∞^èŒ ÃÑiy#"å~°∞ JO>Ë HõÑ¶Ö,
WOHÍ ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O L#fl"å~°∞ „uÑ¶¨Å#∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O fã¨∞HÀO_ç ÖË^•
Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞#∞ 3 –4 HÍÜ«∞Å#∞ Ñ¨K«Û_çQÍ J~Ú<å WOHÍ U~°HõOQÍ J~Ú<å
„Ñü~ÀA fã¨∞HÀO_ç. XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ KåÖÏ ã≤¡"£∞QÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~°∞.
WOHÍ Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞ Ü«∂O\© PH˜û_≥O\òQÍ ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. nx=Å¡
PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok. WHõ „uÑ¶¨Å QÆ∞iOz XHõ xÜ«∞=∞O Lã≤iHÍÜ«∞#∞
„Hõ=∞OQÍ „Ñü~ÀE ãÖ=`«û~° HÍÅO fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl =∞Oz^Õ HÍh "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞
K≥Ñ≤Ê#k. „uÑ¶¨Å =∂„`«O „Hõ=∞OQÍ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl `«~åfi`« H˘kÌ~ÀAÅ∞
Páêe ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 15–20 ~ÀAÅ∞ Páêe ÖË^ŒO>Ë H˘xfl ^Œ∞+¨Êi}Ï=∂Å∞
=™êÎ~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ x~å@OHõOQÍ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ „uÑ¶¨Å fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë 15 – 20 ~ÀAÅ∞
PÑ≤ `«~åfi`« =∞m§ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ZO`« "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ „uÑ¶¨ÅK«∂~°‚O fã¨∞HÀ"åe ?
["å|∞ : JkèHõ |~°∞=Ù `«QÍæÅ#∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞. XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨∂Ê#∞ JO`«
„uÑ¶¨Å, L^ŒÜ«∞O Ñ¨Ó@ ÑïQÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù# ÉˇÅ¡O`À HõeÑ≤ LO_ÕÖÏQÍ KÕã¨∞‰õΩx ux
`«~åfi`« áêÅ∞ „`åQÆO_ç. Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ â◊√„ÉèíO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "åÔ~·`Õ ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨Å
z#fl ã¨∂Ê#∞ JO`« "å_»∞HÀ"åe.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : ÉˇÅ¡O ZO`À Q˘Ñ¨Ê^Œx K≥áêÊ~°∞. _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ©ãπ L#fl"åi Ñïã≤÷u
UO\˜?
["å|∞ : _»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ L#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl Lã≤i`ÀHÍh, „uÑ¶¨ÅO`ÀQÍh
HÍã¨Î fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. ÑÖK«^•~° u#=^Œ∞Ì. ("åQÆƒù@∞Åx ã¨∂„`åÅ∞
áê\ÕKÕ"å~°∞.)
„Ñ¨â◊fl : Ñ¶¨ÖÏÅ QÆ∞iOz U=∞O\Ï~°∞?
["å|∞ : „Ñ¨Hõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# fÑ≤ u#=K«∞Û. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë g\˜Ö’ `ÕeHõQÍ
r~°‚=∞ÜÕ∞º („Ñ¶¨HÀì*ò) J<Õ fÑ≤ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ "åQÆƒù@∞x ã¨∂„`åÅ∞
áê\ÕKÕ"å~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞, ÖË^• HõhãÖ „uÑ¶¨Å#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ"å~°∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : „uÑ¶¨Å#∞ L^ŒÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ<å ~å„u J~Ú<å Éè’[<åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞
fã¨∞HÀ"åÖÏ ÖË^• Éè’[<å#O`«~°O fã¨∞HÀ"åÖÏ?
["å|∞ : =¸Å ~ÀQÆ=Ú, ÉèíQÆO^Œ~°~ÀQÆ=Ú Hõ_»∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#
~ÀQÆ=ÚÅ∞ #Ü«∞O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« XHõ
z#fl K≥OKå_»∞ áêÅ`ÀQÍh "Õ_çhà◊§`À QÍh fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
WHõ L^ŒÜ∞« O fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞ JÖÏÊÇ¨~åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ 45 xq∞ëêÅ =ÚO^Õ
„uÑ¶¨ÅK«∂~°‚O fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
WÑ¨C_»∞ =∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. "åQÆƒù@∞_»∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#
J`«∞º`«=Î ∞"≥∞#ÿ Ñ¨^•~°Oú „uÑ¶Å¨ K«∂~°O‚ nx`ÀÉÏ@∞QÍ H˘xfl K≥ÑC¨ ‰õΩ<åflO âÁOiî.
WOQÆ∞=, rÅHõ„~° g\˜Ö’ =∞~˘Hõ Q˘Ñ¨Ê B+¨ÔŒè "≥∞O`«∞Å∞. Wq "å`«{HõÑ~¨¶ ÀQÍefl
`«y™æ êÎ~Ú. HÍh Ñ≤`åÎxfl ÃÑOK«∞`å~Ú. Ñ≤`Î« ãÖ|O^è~Œ ÀQÍÅ∞, Zã≤_\ç ,© JÅû~ü,
ÃÑÑ≤ìH± JÅû~ü, <À\˜Ö’H˜ h~°∞ ~å=_»O Éè’[#O KÕã≤# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`«
‰õÄ_® <À\˜Ö’ ~°∞z LO_»@O, „`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞, "≥H¯˜ à◊√§ ~å=@O W=hfl ÃÑ`· º« ~ÀQÍÅ∞.
D Ñ≤`Î« ãÖ|O^è~Œ ÀQÍÅ∞ L#fl"å~°∞ `«ÑÊ¨ , "å`«{HõÑ~¨¶ ÀQÍÅ∞ L#fl"å~°∞ =∂„`«O
"≥∞O`«∞Å∞ ÉÏQÍ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
"å`«~ÀQÍÅ∞ JO>Ë, H©à◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, Éèí∞*ÏÅ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, "≥∂HÍà◊§, #_»∞=Ú
<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜q =Ù#fl"å~°∞. "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ q^è•#O. ~å„uÑ¨Ó@
XHõ QÍ¡ã¨∞ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx ÖË^• "Õ_çh\˜Ö’ QÍh K≥OKå "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ <å#Éˇ\ ˜ì
L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl ÉÏQÍ #q∞e, #q∞e, u<åe. XˆH™êi q∞Oy u#_»O=Å# JO`«
„Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O LO_»^Œ∞. ÉÏQÍ #q∞e u#_»O =Å# Jk g∞ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO`À
Hõeã≤ Ö’xH˜"o≥ § g∞‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= "Õ∞Å∞ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞#"åà◊√§ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞
Ñ¨K«Ûà◊§Ö’ LÑ¨Ü≥∂y™êÎ~°∞. WÖÏ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ "Õã≤L#fl UÑ¨K«Û_ç J~Ú<å g∞~°∞
ãÖ`À+ÖQÍ u#=K«∞Û. H˘xfl Ñ¨KÛ« à◊§Ö’, "å=Ú ‰õÄ_® "Õ™êÎ~∞° . D "≥∞O`«∞Å∞,
"å=Ú"Õã≤# Ñ¨K«Ûà◊§Ö’ B+¨^èŒ qÅ∞=Å∞ ã¨=∞$kúQÍ LO\Ï~Ú. h\˜Ö’ <åx#
"≥∞O`«∞Å∞ HõO>Ë #∂<≥Ö’ <åx# "≥∞O`«∞ÅÖ’ 20 Ô~@∞¡ JkèHõOQÍ QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞
LO\Ï~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ Ñ¨K«Ûà◊§Ö’ #∂<≥ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ JO^Œ∞Ö’ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞"Õã≤
LO>Ë Jk `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® g∞~°∞ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. "å=Ú‰õÄ_® JO`Õ #∂<≥Ö’<åx
LO_»@O=Å¡ ^•xÖ’ B+¨^èŒQÆ∞}ÏÅ∞ Z<ÀflÔ~@∞¡ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞
Ñ¨K«Ûà◊§Ö’ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ QÍh, "å=ÚQÍh, WOQÆ∞=QÍx WÖÏO\˜q Hõeã≤ =ÙO>Ë
Jk `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® fã¨∞HÀO_ç. F+¨^èŒ∞Å∞ ÖËx Ñ¨K«Û_çx u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
=∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« ã¨∞#flO`À `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ
"Õã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞ rq`«OÖ’ "å`«~ÀQÍÅ ÉÏi#Ñ¨_»~°∞. ZÑ¨Ê\˜H© "≥∞O`«∞Å∞HõO>Ë
ã¨∞#flO Z‰õΩ¯= "å`«<åtx, P^èŒ∞xHõ "≥·^Œºâß„ã¨ÎO „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ‰õÄ_® â◊s~°OÖ’
HÍe¬Ü«∞O `«yæ`Õ 50 ÃÑ·QÍ [|∞ƒÅ∞ =KÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O L#flk. W=hfl <˘Ñ¨CÅ
~°∂ÑÖÖ’<Õ LO\Ï~Ú. Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Z=ÚHõÅH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, WOHÍ
~°HÍÎxH˜ Hõá¶êxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# ~ÀQÍÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® =™êÎ~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì â◊s~°OÖ’
ZÑ¨C_»∂ HÍe¬Ü«∞O `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. â◊s~°OÖ’ HÍe¬Ü«∞O J<Õ
áÈ+¨HÍÇ¨~°O LO_»@O=Å¡<Õ q∞QÆ`å áÈ+¨HÍÅhfl LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»`å~Ú. Wk
Z<Àfl ãÖ=`«û~åÅ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆ Ñ¶ë`«OQÍ K≥Ñ¨Ê|_çOk.
nx J~°O÷ . K«∂_»O_ç, g∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ U q@q∞<£ J~Ú<å `≥eÜ«∞|_®ÅO>Ë
=ÚYºOQÍ HÍe¬Ü«∞O LO_®e. Wk ‰õÄ_® â◊s~°OÖ’ 40 #∞Oz 45
ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ =~°ˆH =∞#O ã‘fiHõiOKÕ PÇ¨~°OÖ’ #∞Op HÍe¬Ü«∞O
`«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. HÍe¬Ü«∞O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õ Ñ¨^•~°÷O áêÅ∞. `«~åfi`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞,
`«~åfi`« =∞l˚QÆ `«~åfi`« "≥#fl `«~åfi`« <≥~Úº, g@xflO\˜Ö’ HÍe¬Ü∞« O Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ÅOQÍ
LO@∞Ok. WOHÍ <åiO[, Hõ=∞ÖÏ, |`åÎ~Ú, „^•H∆Í =O\˜ Ñ¨ÙÅ¡\ ˜ Ñ¶¨ÖÏÅÖ’
‰õÄ_® HÍe¬Ü«∞O Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ÅOQÍ LO@∞Ok, JÖÏˆQ =∂q∞_çÑÖ_»∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_®
LO@∞Ok. ÑÖ_»¡ JxflO\˜Ö’#∂ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ HÍe¬Ü∞« O LO_Õ ÑÖ_»∞ J~°\Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞.
J~°\ Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞ HÍe¬Ü∞« O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÉèÏO_®QÍ~°O. Wk `ÕeHõQÍ ‰õÄ_® J~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok
Hõ#∞Hõ J~°\ Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞ `«ÑÊ¨ ‰õΩO_® „Ñü~ÀE fã¨∞HÀ"åe. D ÑÖ_»Ö¡ ’x HÍe¬Ü∞« O
=∞#‰õΩ 40 #∞Oz 45 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =~°ˆH `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok.
45 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎ HÍQÍ<Õ =ÚYºOQÍ „ã‘ÅÎ ‰õΩ <≥Åã¨~∞° Å∞ PyáÈ~Ú#
`«~åfi`« â◊s~°O HÍe¬Ü∞« O#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ ™ê=∞~°º÷ O HÀÖ’Ê`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ZO`«QÍ
g∞~°∞ ÑÖ_»∞¡ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© HÍe¬Ü«∞O#∞ r~°‚O KÕ¿ãÇ¨~À‡#∞¡, L`«ÊuÎ
PyáÈ`«∞Ok. JÑ¨C_»∞ HÍe¬Ü«∞O r~°‚O HÍ=_»O KåÖÏ Hõ+¨ì=∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
J@∞=O\˜ Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ g∞~°∞ HÍe¬Ü«∞O#∞ |Ü«∞@#∞O_ç fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤
LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH „ã‘ÎÅO^Œ~°∂ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç. 45 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~åfi`«
ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞HÀ=@O `«ÑÊ¨ xã¨s Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® `«ÑÊ¨ ‰õΩO_® 45 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ
`«~åfi`« ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞HÀ=Öˇ#∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#^Õâ◊OÖ’ `åO|∂ÅO JÅ"å@∞
=Ù#flk. `«=∞Åáê‰õΩ ZÑ¨C_»∂ ã¨∞#flO`À<Õ "Õã¨∞HÀ"åe, HÍK«∞ "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥¿ÑÊ =∞~À =ÚYº=ã¨∞Î=Ù ^•eÛ# K≥Hõ¯, "åÜ«Ú=Ù Ü≥ÚHõ¯
„Ñ¨HÀáêÅ∞ Zxfl=Ù<åflÜ≥∂ L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ, L|ƒãÖ, Pã¨Î=∂, Wq "åÜ«Ú=Ù
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ JO>Ë "å`« ãÖ|O^èŒ~ÀQÍÅ∞. g\˜x x"åiOK«\ÏxH˜ ZO`«QÍ<À
LÑ¨Hõiã¨∞ÎOk ^•eÛ#K≥Hõ¯. HõÑ¶¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ "åº^èŒ∞Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® #Ü«∞OKÕã¨∞ÎOk.
JO>Ë ^ŒQÆ∞æ, [Å∞|∞, ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞=Ú =O\˜ HõÑ¶¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ "åº^èŒ∞Å#∞ ‰õÄ_®
#Ü«∞O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. HÍ|\˜ì ^•eÛ# K≥Hõ¯ ‰õÄ_® LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«∞HÀO_ç. J~Ú`Õ
^•eÛ# K≥Hõ¯x áœ_»~üQÍ KÕã≤ "å_»∞‰õΩO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆO. WOHÍ ÉˇÅ¡O`À
HõeÑ≤ #∂~°∞‰õΩx fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ZO`À =∞Ozk. JÖÏˆQ `Õ<≥`À HõeÑ≤ =∞~°Ì#O
KÕã≤"å_»∞‰õΩO>Ë HõhãÖ 50 ~°HÍÅ~ÀQÍÅ∞ #Ü«∞O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WÖÏ =∞#
=O\Õ\’¡ Z<Àfl ~°HÍÅ B+¨^è•Å∞ L<åfl~Ú.
QÀ=∂`« qt+¨ì`«
WHõ „Ñ¨Hõ$uÖ’ ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ =∞#HÀãÖ ã¨$+≤ìOz =∞~˘Hõ =∞Ç¨=∂xfi`«
rq. P=Ù, "åQÆƒù\ÏKå~°∞º_»∞ K≥|∞`å~°∞. QÀ=¸„`«O J`«ºO`« qÅ∞"≥·#k. D
QÀ=¸„`«O "å`åxfl ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚OQÍ xÜ«∞O„uOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞, =∞iH˘xfl B+¨^è•Å`À
HõeÑ≤`Õ ÃÑ·`«º ãÖ|O^èŒ"åº^èŒ∞Åx ‰õÄ_® x"åiOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. Hõá¶êxfl, "å`åxfl
QÀ=¸„`«O XO@iQÍ<Õ xÜ«∞O„uOK«QÅÆ ^Œ∞. Ñ≤`åÎxfl =∂„`«O H˘xfl PÜ«Ú~ˆ fi^Œ
=ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ`À Hõeã≤#Ñ¨C_Õ x"åiOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊ "å`å=~°}ÏxH˜
"å`«, Ñ≤`«Î, Hõá¶êÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# ~ÀQÍÅ∞ 148 ~°HÍÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. D
"åº^èŒ∞Å∞ JxflO\˜x x"åiOK«QÆÅ XˆH XHõ¯ Ñ¨^•~°÷=Ú QÀ=¸„`«=Ú.
Wk ZÖÏQÍ Jx nxx Ñïâ’kèOz K«∂¿ãÎ QÀ=¸„`«=ÚÖ’ J`«ºkèHõOQÍ
h~°∞ LOk. J`«ºkèHõOQÍ HÍe¬Ü«∞O =ÙOk. WOHÍ ã¨ÅÊù~ü, S~°<£, h~°∞`À
ã¨=∂#OQÍ L<åfl~Ú. h\˜`Àáê@∞QÍ 18 ~°HÍÅ ã¨∂Hõ∆ ‡áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ =Ù<åfl~Ú.
=∞x+≤ =¸„`«OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® h~°∞=ÙOk. HÍh QÀ=Ù =¸„`«OÖ’. h~°∞`Àáê@∞
Z<Àfl áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. 18 ~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞=Ù#fl Ñ¨^•~°ú=Ú =∞\˜ì.
á⁄ÅOÖ’x =∞\˜ìÖ’ =∂„`«"Õ∞ 18 ~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. Ô~O_»=k
QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú. HÍ|\˜ì QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
WO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú QÆ∞iOz Ñïâ’kèOK«\ÏxH˜ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’x
ÅHÀfl #QÆ~°OÖ’ (CDRI) ÃãO„@Öò „_»Q∑ sã¨~üÛ Wxã≤ì@∂º\ò.
Jx ÃÑ^ŒÌ ÖË|ˆ~@s =Ù#flk. JHõ¯_» QÀ=¸„`«=Ú Ñïâ’kèOK«\ÏxH˜
WKåÛ=Ú q^Õj P=Ù *ˇsû QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú. WOHÍ ^Õâ◊"åm QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú
WKåÛ=Ú "å~°∞ 6, 7 <≥ÅÅ∞ `«~åfi`« iáÈ~°∞ì WKåÛ~°∞. P iáÈ~°∞ìÖ’ =Ù#flk
Uq∞@O>Ë =∞x+≤ â◊s~°OÖ’ HÍ=Åã≤# Jhfl áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ QÀ=¸„`«OÖ’ =Ù<åfl~Ú.
Jxfl áÈ+¨Hõ qÅ∞=Å∞ L<åfl~Ú. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}H˜ K«~°‡ ãÖ|O^èŒ "åºkè U^≥·<å
=¿ãÎ Jk ã¨ÅÊù~ü J<Õk `«QÆæ@O =Å# =ã¨∞ÎOk. D QÀ=¸„`«OÖ’ ã¨ÅÊù~ü
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ÅOQÍ =ÙOk. HÍ|\˜ì K«~°‡ ãÖ|O^èŒ"åº^èŒ∞Å∞, QÆl˚, ^Œ∞~°^Œ ™ÈiÜ«∂ã≤ãπ,
Zy˚=∂ =O\˜ Jxfl "åº^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ x"å~°}QÍ QÀ=¸„`«O "å_»=K«∞Û#∞. WÖÏ
Z<Àfl ~ÀQÍÅ‰õΩ ~ÀQÆ∞Åg∞^Œ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO KÕã≤ K«∂¿ãÎ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# Ñ¶ë`åÅ∞
=KåÛ~Ú. H˘O`«=∞Ok ~ÀQÆ∞Å∞ QÀ=¸„`«O JxK≥¿ÑÎ. ™ê~ü Wk ZÖÏ
„`åQÆ=∞O\Ï~°∞. Jx =Ú‰õΩ¯ Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞ H˘O^ŒÔ~·`Õ „Ñü~ÀE ™ê~å~Ú
„`åˆQ"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® QÀ=¸„`«O "åã¨# =ã¨∞ÎO^ŒO_ô ZÖÏ`åQÍe J<Õ"å~°∞ "Õ∞O
J<åflO. g∞~°∞ „`åˆQ ™ê~å~ÚHõO>Ë W^ÕO "åã¨#HÍ^Œ∞ Jx, WÖÏ Z<Àfl~ÀQÍÅ∞.
Ju `«‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ x"å~°} KÕÜ«∞|_®¤~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì QÀ=¸„`«O "åã¨#QÍ
LOk. Wk ZÖÏ „`åQÍe J<Õ UHõeOÑ¨Ù ÉèÏ=#x „Ñ¨Hõ¯# Éˇ@ìO_ç.
WOHÍ HÍº#û~üH˜ Wk Q˘Ñ¨Ê B+¨^èŒ=Ú QÀ=Ù =¸„`«=Ú. QÆ∞[~å`üÖ’
=ÖÏû_£ J<Õ TiÖ’ HÍº#û~üH˜ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ# "≥·^ŒºâßÅ =ÙOk. JHõ¯_»
QÀ=¸„`«Og∞^Œ Ñïâ’^èŒ# KÕã≤# _®Hõì~üû JO^Œ~°∂ JHõ¯_» =ÙO\Ï~°∞. "å~°∞
QÀ=¸„`«O`À\˜ Jxfl~°HÍÅ HÍº#û~üÅ g∞^Œ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO KÕã¨∞ÎO\Ï~°∞. Jã¨Å∞
D HÍº#û~ü ~å=\ÏxH˜ HÍ~°}O P^èŒ∞xHõ âß„ã¨ÎA˝Å∞ K≥¿ÑÊ=∂@ Hõ~°∞¯ º"≥∞<£
J<Õ ÔHq∞HõÖò `«QÆæ@O=Å# HÍº#û~ü =ã¨∞ÎOk JO\Ï~°∞. D Hõ~°∞¯ º"≥∞<£ J<Õ
HÔ q∞HõÖò `«y`æ Õ =∞x+≤ K«xáÈ`å~°∞. nx QÆ∞iOKÕ âß„ãÄ Î Å˝ ∞ Z<Àfl Ñïâ’^è#Œ Å∞
[~°∞Ñ¨ÙK«∞<åfl~°∞. q+¨Ü∞« O Uq∞@O>Ë Hõ~∞° ¯ º"≥∞<£ J<Õ HÔ q∞HõÖò QÀ=Ù =¸„`«OÖ’
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ÅOQÍ =ÙOk. Jk‰õÄ_® Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ==O`«OQÍ JO>Ë QÀ=Ù =¸„`«O
„`åQÆ@O`À<Õ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã q^èŒOQÍ =ÙOk. U =∂„`«O ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨@ì^Œ∞.
H˘O`«=∞Ok "≥∂„_»<£ Ãã·<£\ ˜ãπìÅ∞ QÀ=Ù=¸„`«O QÆ∞iOz K≥¿ÑÎ "å~°∞ q`«O_»O
KÕ™êÎ~∞° . U=∞Ü«∂º WOˆHO Ñ¨xÖË^• =¸„`«O QÆ∞iOz =∂\Ï¡_`» å=Ù JO\Ï~°∞.
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅx J_çˆQ"åiH˜ ZO`≥·<å K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û. HÍh `«~°¯O KÕ¿ã"åiH˜ UO
K≥áêÎO. Jã¨Å∞ "åi `«~°¯O Uq∞@O>Ë QÀ=Ù=¸„`«O x[OQÍ JO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê^≥·`Õ
QÀ=Ù ^•xx ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ q_çz ÃÑ_»∞`«∞Ok JO\Ï~°∞. nxH˜ =∂ Ñ¨Ó~°∞fiÅ∞
K≥ÑÊ≤ # q+¨Ü∞« O Uq∞@O>Ë QÀ=Ùx QÀ=∂`« Jx Ñ≤Å"åe JO\Ï~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
QÀ=Ù =∞x+≤H˜ J=∞‡=O\˜k. J=∞‡ ZÑ¨C_≥·<å a_»¤H˜ HÍ=Åã≤Ok JOkã¨∞ÎOk.
QÀ=∂`« ‰õÄ_® =∞#H˜ J=ã¨~°O HÍ|\˜ì =¸„`åxfl q_çz ÃÑ_»∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O
^•x qÅ∞= `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀÖËHõ ^Œ∞~°^$Œ +¨µÅì =∞=Ù`«∞<åfl=Ú. QÀ=∂`« áêÅ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ
=∞#O Q˘Ñ¨Êq J#∞‰õΩO\Ï=Ú, QÀ=Ù. áêÅ∞ H˘kÌ~ÀAÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Wã¨∞ÎOk.
=¸„`«O rq`åO`«O Wã¨∞OÎ k. =∞x+≤H˜ nx J=ã¨~O° Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LOk HÍ|\˜.ì
QÀ=¸„`«O ã‘fiHõiOKÕ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O L^ŒÜ«∞O. L^ŒÜ«∞OÑ¨Ó@ QÀ=¸„`«O
fã¨∞HÀ=@O L`«Î=∞O ÉÏQÍ ~ÀQÆ„QÆã¨÷"≥∞ÿ# "å~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 100 „QÍ=ÚÅ∞
fã¨∞HÀ"åe. g~°∞ Ô~O_»∞ `«_»=Å∞QÍ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ZÑ¨C_»∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl HÍm
Hõ_∞» Ñ¨Ù`À<Õ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ~Ô O_»∞™ê~°∞Q¡ Í JO>Ë L^ŒÜ∞« O JÖÏÊÇ¨~åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞
™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO Éè’[#OKÕã≤# 4 QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« WHõ P~ÀQÆº=O`«∞Å∞ 50ML
#∞ XHõ¯™êi fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ãïáÈ`«∞Ok.
WHõ "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# =∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O QÀ=Ù u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ =Ù#flÑ¨C_Õ
^•x =¸„`«O Z‰õΩ¯= LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆO u~°QÆ‰õΩO_® ZÑ¨C_»∂ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx =ÙO_Õ
QÀ=ÙÜ≥ÚHõ¯ =¸„`«O JO`« „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#OHÍ^Œ∞. ^Õâ◊"åm QÀ=Ù ZÑ¨C_»∂
u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok. *ˇsû P=Ù ZÑ¨C_»∂ ‰õΩ~°∞Ûx =ÙO@∞Ok. g∞~°∞ xÅÉˇ\<ì˜ å
Jk =∞m§ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx =ÙO@∞Ok |^ŒúHõOQÍ. XHõ"Õà◊ g∞~°∞ ^•xfl uÑ≤Ê<å Jk
=¸Å∞QÆ∞`«∂ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O@∞Ok. D *ˇsû P=Ù=¸„`«OÖ’ 3 ~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞
=∂„`«"∞Õ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. ^ÕjÜ«∞ QÀ=Ù=¸„`«OÖ’ 18 ~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
=∞\˜ìÖ’ =ÙO_Õ 18 ~°HÍÅ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ ^ÕjÜ«∞ QÀ=Ù =¸„`«OÖ’ =ÙO\Ï~Ú.
=∞# Ñ¨Ósfi‰õΩÅ∞ JO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. QÀ=ÙÖ’ 33 HÀ@¡ ^Õ=`«Å∞ =Ù<åfl~°∞ Jx
XHõÑ¨C_»∞ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊ [<åÉèÏ<Õ `«‰õΩ¯= =∞i "åà◊√§ 33 HÀ@¡ ^Õ=`«Å∞ Jx
ZO^Œ∞‰õ<åfl~°∞. JO>Ë D 33 HÀ@¡ ^Õ=`«Å∞ Jx ZO^Œ∞Hõ<åfl~°∞ JO>Ë D 33
HÀ@¡ J<Õ =∂@H˜ =∞#O J#∞‰õΩ<Õ ãÖMÏº„Ñ¨HÍ~°O J~°úO HÍ^Œ∞. 33 HÀ@¡
JO>Ë 33 ~°HÍÅx J~°÷O =Ù#flk. Wk `≥eÜ«∞x H˘O^Œ~°∞ nxqÅ∞=x
á⁄O^ŒÖË~°∞. QÀ=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ÅH©;^Õq =Ù#flk JO\Ï~°∞. JO>Ë QÀ=∞Ü«∞O`À
Ô~·`«∞Å∞ =º=™êÜ«∞O KÕ¿ãÎ JÑ¨C_»∞ J~°÷=∞ø`«∞Ok, QÀ=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ÅH©;HÍ^Œ∞
=∞Ç¨ÅH©;=Ù#flk Jx. Ô~·`«∞Å∞ U ÑÖ@ J~Ú<å, Ü«¸iÜ«∂Å∞ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞
HÍ‰õΩO_® QÀ=∞Ü«∞O`À ZÖÏ K≥Ü∂« ºÖ’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx Pq^èOŒ QÍ ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_ç¿ãÎ
ZO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê kQÆ∞|_ç =ÙO@∞O^À "åˆ~ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ QÀ=Ù
¿Ñ_»`À QÍºãπ =ã¨∞ÎOk. nx`À =O@ KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WOHÍ D QÍºãπ`À
"åÇ¨Ï<åÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® #_»Ñ¨=K«∞Û. QÀ|~üQÍºãπ#∞ ã≤eO_»~ü‰õΩ xOÑ≤ \Ï\Ïã¨∞"≥∂
WÖÏO\˜ "åÇ¨Ï<åÅhfl D QÀ|~üQÍºãπ`À #_»Ñ¨=K«∞Û. _èçb¡Ö’ S.S.\˜. LOk
JHõ¯_» "åÇ¨Ï<åÅhfl QÀ|~üQÍºãπ`À<Õ #_»∞™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O QÍºãπHÀãÖ
aK«ÛQÍà◊§ÖÏQÍ W~å<£, W~åH± ^ÕâßÅ "åà◊§^ŒQÆæ~° Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ K«∂ã¨∂Î
=ÙO\ÏO. "åà◊√§ á¶ÈAH˘_»∞`«∂ =ÙO\Ï~°∞. D ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘ÅQÍÅO>Ë =∞#O
„Ñü„QÍ=∞OÖ’#∞ QÀ=ÙÅ#∞ ÃÑOK«∞‰õΩO@∂ =∞#"Õ∞ ^•xfl qÅ∞=Å#∞
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx =∞#"å~°O^ŒiH© `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã≤ JO^Œ~O° Hõeã≤ PK«iOz`Õ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊
QÀ=∂`«=Å¡ ã¨ã¨ºâßº=∞ÅOQÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok.
ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ =∞#H˜zÛ# Q˘Ñ¨Ê=~°O QÀ=∂`«. ZÖÏQÆO>Ë
=∂#ã≤H~õ ÀQÍÅ∞ _ç„ÃÑ+¨<£ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =Ù#fl "å~°∞ ~ÀE =Ù^ŒÜ∂« <Õfl x„^ŒÖ=Ë QÍ<Õ
"≥o§ QÀâßÅÖ’ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx QÀ=Ùx K«∂ã¨∂Î =ÙO>Ë KåÅ∞ "åi_ç„ÃÑ+¨<£ `˘ÅyáÈ`«∞Ok.
(*ˇsû P=ÙÅ∞ HÍ^Œ∞) ^Õâ◊"åo QÀ=ÙÅ‰õΩ =¸Ñ¨Ù~°O =ÙO@∞Ok. *ˇsû P=Ù‰õΩ
=ÙO_»^Œ∞. WO`« "Õ∞Å∞KÕ¿ã D QÀ=∂`«#∞ =∞#O ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ"åe. `«e¡ÖÏ
=∞#‰õΩ "Õ∞Å∞KÕ¿ã D QÀ=∂`«#∞ =^èŒ‰õΩ QÆ∞iHÍ‰õΩO_® K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ ÉÏ^èŒº`«
=∞#O^Œik QÍOnèr‰õÄ_® POˆQÜ ¡ Ú« Å`À Z<Àfl™ê~°∞¡ D QÀ=^èŒ x¿+kèOK«=∞x
HÀ~å_»∞. ™êfi`«O„`«ºO ZÖÏQÆ∂ =∂‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk. D QÀ=∂`«#∞ =∂„`«O Ç¨Ï`«º
KÕÜ«∞HõO_ç Jx J<åfl~°∞. Jã¨Å∞ D ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°O "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·#^Õ 1857Ö’
QÀ=∂`«#∞ ~°H˜∆OK«∞H˘<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ. POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ P=Ù H˘=Ùfi`À `«∂\ÏÅ#∞
`«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤# q+¨Ü«∞O =∞OQÆà◊áêO_Õ‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞_»O`À "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·Ok ™êfi`«O„`«º
ã¨=∞~°O.
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O _ôlÖò, ÃÑ„\’Öò ÉÏ^èŒ#∞O_ç |Ü«∞@Ñ¨_®ÅO>Ë QÀ=∂`«#∞
~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ"åe. QÀãÖÑ¨^Œ#∞ =$kú KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. JÑ¨C_»∞ QÀ=∞Ü«∞O`À
QÀ|~üQÍºãπ#∞ ÃÑOá⁄OkOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ =∞#efl =∞#O ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ"åe. QÀ=∂`«#∞
~°H˜∆¿ãÎ QÀ=∂`« =∞#O^Œih ~°H˜∆ã¨∞ÎOk. WHõ =∞Ô~·`Õ QÀ=^èŒ [~°QÆ‰õΩO_®
=ÙO_®ÅO>Ë =∞#O KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤#k Uq∞\˜? QÀ=∂`«#∞ ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë
=∞#O^Œ~°O ÑÖK«QÆ"åºÅ#∞ "å_»∞HÀ"åe. JO>Ë =∞#O áêÅ∞ `åQÆ∞`åO Hõ^Œ
WHõ #∞O_ç áêÅ∞„`åy`Õ P=ÙáêÅ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. Jx g∞~°∞ Ñ¨@∞ì|_ç`Õ
=∂Ô~¯\òÖ’ WHõ#∞O_ç P=ÙáêÅ∞ `≥Ñ≤ÊOK«@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. nx`À QÀ=Ù
ãÖÑ¨^Œ =$kú J=Ù`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë D~ÀA =∂Ô~¯\ò qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞_ç
=∂Ô~¯\ò, qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞_»∞ U _ç=∂O_£ =ÚO^Œ∞OK«∞`Õ J=∞‡HõO^•~°∞_»∞
^•xg∞^Œ < Õ ^Œ $ +≤ ì Ã Ñ_» ` å_» ∞ . D ~° H õ O QÍ QÀ=Ù ã¨ O Ñ¨ ^ Œ # ∞ =∞#O
~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WÖÏ =∞#O ã¨|∞ƒ"å_ç`Õ, ÑÖK«QÆ"åºÅ`À KÕã≤# ã¨|∞ƒ<Õ
|*Ï~°∞Ö’ J_»QÍe. WOHÍ <≥~Úº P=Ù<≥~Úº =∂„`«"Õ∞. WOHÍ JQÆ~°|fÎÅ∞
QÀ=∞Ü«∞O`À KÕã≤#"Õ "å_®e, Ñ¨à◊§á⁄_ç, Ñ≤<å~ÚÖò ‰õÄ_® QÀ=¸„`«O`À
KÕã≤#^Õ "å_®e. WÖÏ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx Jxfl =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∂ QÀ=Ù ãÖ|OkèOz#"Õ
"å_»∞HÀ"åe. WÑ¨C_»∞ <åQ∑ÑÓ¨ ~üÖ’ QÀq*Ï˝# J#∞ãÖ^è•# Hˆ O„^ŒO, Jx LOk.
"å~°∞ =∞#O x`«ºO LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ ã¨|∞ƒ, ¿Ñãπ,ì ëêOÑ¨Ó WÖÏ Jhfl QÀ=∂`«#∞O_ç
=KÕÛ ÑÖK«QÆ"åºÅ`À<Õ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. WOHÍ JHõ¯_» („>ˇÿxOQ∑ HÍ¡ãπÅ∞) tHõ∆}Ï
`«~Q° `Æ ∞« Å∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. JHõ¯_» tHõ}
∆ fã¨∞‰õΩO\ÏxH˜ KåÖÏ ~å„ëêìÅ #∞O_ç
=zÛ <Õ~∞° Û‰õΩx "åi"åi „QÍ=∂ÅÖ’ QÀâßÅÅ∞ =$kú KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. ~Ô `· ∞« Å∞
‰õÄ_® QÀ=Ù P^è•i`« =º=™êÜ«∞O KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. WÖÏ =∞#O^Œ~°O
QÀ=∂`«#∞ ãÖ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
QÀ=¸„`«O`À =∞#O WOHÍ U "åº^èŒ∞Å#∞ `«yæOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û<À K«∂^•ÌO.
HõO\˜H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# "åºkè â◊√Hõ¡=Ú, Wk HõÑ¶¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ÀQÆ=Ú WOHÍ
QÆ∂H¡ À=∂, WOHÍ ~Ô \©<å ãÖ|O^è~Œ ÀQÍÅ∞ WÖÏ Jxfl HõO\˜ ãÖ|O^èŒ "åº^è∞Œ Å∞,
Jhfl QÀ=¸„`«=Ú`À #Ü«∞=∞=Ù`å~Ú. nxH˜ g∞~°∞ KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤Ok. ^Õâ◊"åm
QÀ=¸„`«=Ú fã¨∞‰õΩx "≥∞`«\Î ˜ QÆ∞_»#¤ ∞ =ÚOz XH˘¯Hõ¯K«∞Hõ¯#∞ HõO\˜Ö’ "ÕÜ∂« e.
WOHÍ Hõà◊§*’_»∞"å_Õ"å~°∞ Hõà◊§*’_»∞ fã≤"ÕÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩO>Ë WÖÏ 2 ÖËHõ =¸_»∞
<≥ÅÖ’¡ g∞‰õΩ J^Œ∞ƒù`« Ñ¶ë`«O HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk, z#fl Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ K≥qÖ’ p=Ú
HÍ~°∞`«∞O>Ë QÀ=¸„`«O XH˘¯Hõ¯ K«∞Hõ¯ K≥qÖ’ "Õ¿ã,Î p=ÚHÍ~°@O `«yáæ È`«∞Ok.
K≥qÖ’ â◊√„ÉèíO [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WOHÍ Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ =Ú‰õΩ¯ HÍ~°∞`«∞O>Ë, `«~°K«∂
[Å∞|∞ KÕã∂¨ =Î ÙO>Ë P=Ù <≥~Úº ~Ô O_»∞ K«∞Hõ¯Å∞ =Ú‰õΩ¯Ö’ "Õ¿ãÎ [Å∞|∞ KÕÜ∞« @O
`« y æ á È`« ∞ Ok. Z=Ô ~ · < å =∞Oz x„^Œ HÍ"åÅ#∞‰õ Ω O>Ë , =∞`« ∞ Î Q Í
x„^ŒáÈ"åÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë XHÀ¯ =Ú‰õΩ¯Ö’ XHÀ¯ K«∞Hõ¯ P=Ù <≥~Úº "Õã¨∞‰õΩx
Ñ¨_»∞HÀO_ç. KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ QÆ∞~°HõÃÑ>Ëì JÅ"å@∞ =ÙO@∞Ok. D x„^ŒÖ’ QÆ∞~°Hõ
ÃÑ@ì_O» KåÖÏ ÃÑ^ŒãÌ =¨ ∞ã¨º. g~°∞ ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨_∞» ‰õΩ<Õ=ÚO^Œ∞ =Ú‰õΩ¯Ö’ P=Ù<≥~Úº
K«∞Hõ¯Å∞ "Õã∞¨ ‰õΩx Ñ¨_∞» ‰õΩO>Ë H˘kÌ~ÀAÅˆH D ã¨=∞ã¨º `«yáæ È`«∞Ok „Ñ¨âßO`«"∞≥ #ÿ
x„^ŒáÈ=K«∞Û#∞.
WHõ "≥O„@∞HõÅ∞ ~åÅ_»O. KåÅ=∞Ok „ã‘ÎÅ‰õΩ D ã¨=∞ã¨º =ÙO@∞Ok.
g∞~°∞ P=ÙáêÅ`À ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç P ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ ~åyáê„`«Ö’ 5 ÖËHõ 6
~ÀAÅ∞ =ÙOK«O_ç. P ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞ Ñ¨K«Û\˜ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ J=Ù`«∞Ok. ^•xx `«Å‰õΩ
Ñ¨\Oì˜ z XHõ QÆO@ `«~åfi`« ‰õΩO‰õΩ_»∞HÍÜ«∞`À `«Å™êfl#O K≥Ü∞« ºO_ç. ëêOÑ¨Ù`À\˜
=^Œ∞Ì. ‰õΩO‰õΩ_»∞ HÍÜ«∞`À<Õ ™êfl#O K≥Ü«∂ºe, WÖÏ "å~åxH˜ 4 ™ê~°∞¡
K≥Ü«∞º=K«∞Û. WÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ g∞"≥O„@∞HõÅ∞ ~åÅ_»O `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. WHõ Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’
g∞ "≥O„@∞HõÅ∞ `≥Å¡|_»‰õΩO_® ~åÅ‰õΩO_® LO_®ÅO>Ë <≥Å‰õΩ XHõ¯™êi
QÀ=¸„`«O`À `«Å™êfl#O K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç Jk KåÖÏ=∞Oz HõO_ô+¨#~ü.
WHõ z#fl Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ HõÑ¶Ö Z‰õΩ¯= Ñ¨Hõ¯>ˇ=ÚHõÅ ã¨=∞ã¨º =ã¨∞ÎOk. "åiH˜
HÍã¨QÎ À=¸„`«O `åy¿ãÎ K«H¯õ QÍ #Ü«∞=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. =∂=¸Å∞QÍ ‰õÄ_® JO^Œ~∂°
„Ñü~ÀE QÀ=¸„`«O J~° HõÑ¨C `åQÆ∞`«∂ LO>Ë =¸„`« Ñ≤O_®Å∞
â◊√„ÉèíÑ¨_»`å~Ú. =¸„`« ãÖ|O^èŒ "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ JxflO\˜H©. QÀ=¸„`«O J~° HõÑ¨C
K˘Ñ¨C# „Ñü~ÀE "å_»∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
K«~°‡~°Hõ∆}‰õΩ QÀ=¸„`åxfl =∞~°Ì#O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞ Jxfl =∞K«ÛÅ∞
`˘ÅyáÈ`å~Ú. HõO\˜HO˜ ^Œ #Å¡\ ˜ Kå~°Å∞ LO>Ë ~ÀE QÀ=¸„`åxfl á⁄^Œ∞<Ì flÕ
~åã¨∂Î =ÙO_»O_ç, Kå~°Å∞ `«yæáÈ`å~Ú.
WÑ¨C_»∞ QÀ=¸„`«O JO^ŒiH© „Ñü~ÀE JOkOK«\ÏxH˜ J~ü¯ Jx
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. J~ü¯ JO>Ë QÀ=¸„`åxfl =_»QÆ\ ˜ì =∞~°QÆÉˇ_»`å~°∞. ^•x
Pqix Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩx K«Å¡|iz ã‘™êÖ’¡ xOÑ¨Ù`å~°∞. nx<Õ QÀ=¸„`«O J~ü¯
JO\Ï~°∞. x*ÏxH˜ ã¨~åãï =zÛ# QÀ=¸„`åxfl "å_»@"Õ∞ L`«Î=∞O. JÖÏ
^˘~°Hõx "å~°∞ QÀ=¸„`«O J~ü¯x fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û, J~Ú`Õ J~ü¯x Z‰õΩ¯=
fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . J~ü¯x fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤ =¿ãÎ XHõ K≥OKå fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ãïáÈ`«∞Ok.
1. QÀ|~üQÍºãπ áê¡O\ò#∞ QÀâßÅÅ=^ŒÌ xi‡¿ãÎ =∞Ozk.
2. a.Ñ≤. q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ ~å„u h\˜Ö’ <å#Éˇ\ ˜ì L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl
ÉÏQÍ #q∞e u<åe.
3. Ñ¨~À\Ï ~å„u u#@O=Å¡ á⁄@ì ÃÑiˆQ J=HÍâ◊O =Ù#flk.
4. ZÅs˚Å∞ áÈ"åÅO>Ë QÀ=¸„`«O fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú.
WOHÍ ã¨∞#flO, ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`À QÍh =∞l˚QÆ`À HõeÑ≤ ÖË^• h\˜`À HõeÑ≤ 1
„QÍ=Ú ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Jxfl~°HÍÅ ZÅs˚Å∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú.
5. ã¨~åãï QÀ=¸„`åxfl 45 xq∞ëêÅÖ’¿Ñ „`åQÍe.
=∞~˘Hõ JOâ◊OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊^•O –
Jxfl=Ü«∞ã¨∞Å"åi „u^ÀëêÅ∞
"åQÆƒ\ù ÏKå~°∞ºÅ∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ #k â◊s~°OÖ’ "å`«=Ú, Ñ≤`=Î« Ú, HõÑ=¨¶ Ú, ã¨=∞OQÍ
LO>Ë =∞x+≤ ~ÀQÆ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞_»∞QÍ LO\Ï_»∞. P~ÀQÆºOQÍ LO\Ï~°∞. WHõ¯_»
P~ÀQÆºO JO>Ë â◊s~°O =∞#ã¨∞, z`«Î=Ú, =¸_»∞ Jx J~°÷O. =∞#ã¨∞, z`«Î=Ú
‰õÄ_® âßO`«OQÍ LO_»HõáÈ`Õ =∞#O =∞#ˆH HÍ^Œ∞ =∞# ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ ‰õÄ_®
Ç¨xKÕ¿ã "å~°=∞=Ù`åO. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞x+≤ P~ÀQÆºOQÍ LO_®ÅO>Ë "å`«, Ñ≤`«Î,
Hõá¶êÅ∞ ã¨=∞OQÍ LO_®e. WÖÏ ã¨=∞OQÍ LO_®ÅO>Ë "å`å=~°}Ïxfl|\˜ì
=∂~°∞Ê =ÙO@∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ =∞#O =∞# â◊s~° ã≤÷uQÆ`«∞Å#∞|\˜ì k#K«~°º#∞
x~åúiOK«∞HÀ"åe. JO^ŒiH© XˆH~°HõOQÍ LO_»^Œ∞, nxfl "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞
=¸_»∞ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ qÉèílOz `≥eÜ«∞*Ëâß~°∞.
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k Ñ¨Ù\˜ì#k "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ Ñ¨^Œ=¸_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ =~°‰õΩ.
~Ô O_»=ÉèÏQÆO 13 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =~°‰Ωõ . 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ
ÃÑ·|_ç#"å~°∞ =¸_»=ÉèÏQÆO =∞x+≤ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì#k. "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ 13 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞
=Ü«∞ã¨∞ =~°‰õΩ HõÑ¶ÖÜ≥ÚHõ¯ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥· =ÙO\Ï_»∞. JO>Ë ÉÏÅºOÖ’
â◊s~°O g∞^Œ HõÑ¶¨„Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. "å`«=Ú Ñ≤`«ÎO `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO\Ï~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì giH˜ "≥∂HÍà◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ #_»∞O <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ~å=Ù, "≥O„@∞HõÅ∞
T_»=Ù, x„^ŒÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
WHõ 14 #∞O_ç 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞"å~°∞ Ü«∞=fi#∞Å∞QÍ
K≥Ñ¨Ê|_»`å~°∞. P^Œâ◊Ö’ Ñ≤`«ÎO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O JkèHõOQÍ LO@∞Ok. 60
=Ü«∞ã¨∞ÃÑ·|_ç# "åiH˜ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ "å`«„Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O LO@∞Ok. giH˜ "≥∂HÍà◊§
<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ [O. WÑ¨C_»∞ PÜ«∂ „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åÅ "åik#K«~º° #∞ K«∂^•ÌO. "≥Ú^Œ@
13 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ "åiH˜ HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O JkèHõOQÍ LO_»@O=Å¡ "åix
ÉÏQÍ x„^ŒáÈ=\ÏxH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKåe. HõhãÖ g~°∞ 24 QÆO@Ö’¡ 10
QÆO@Å∞áê@∞ x„^ŒáÈ"åe. Hõ#∞Hõ =∞#O Ñ≤Å¡efl „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl x„^ŒÖËÑ≤ Ç¨ÏŸO=~°∞¯
K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. @∂º+¨<£‰õΩ "≥à◊§O_ç Jx "åix Ç≤ÏOã≤Oz =∞#O ™êkèOKÕk Ug∞
LO_»^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ "åix „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ 10 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞O^Œ∞‰õΩ
ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«O_ç. WO^Œ∞Ö’ =∞~˘Hõ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ `«_»=Å x„^ŒáÈx¿ãÎ =∞s =∞Ozk.
~å„uÑ¨Ó@ 8 QÆO@Å∞ =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO XHõ QÆO@¿ãÑ¨Ù "åix x„^ŒáÈx"åfie.
WOHÍ z#fl Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ JO>Ë 4 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù "å~°∞ HõhãÖ 16 QÆO@Å∞ 4
#∞O_ç 8 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù "å~°∞ 12 #∞Oz 14 QÆO@Å∞ 8 #∞Oz 14
ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞"å~°∞ 9 #∞O_ç 10 QÆO@Å x„^ŒáÈ"åe. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞
Wà◊§Ö’¡ 14 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ =Ù#fl"å~°∞ LO>Ë. "å~°∞ x„^ŒáÈ`«∞O>Ë
PÑ¨HõO_ç. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë "åi â◊s~°O HõÑ¶¨„Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O`À xO_ç L#flk.
HõÑ¶Ö JO>Ë lQÆ∞~°∞ Ñ¨^•~°úO (ã≤flQÆúÑ¨^•~°÷O) Wk KåÖÏ |~°∞=ÙQÍ
LO@∞Ok. =∞#‰õΩ ^ŒQÆ∞æ=zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ Q˘O`«∞Ö’ #∞O_ç Hõà‹§ =ã¨∞ÎOk Hõ^•.
J^Õ HõÑ¶Ö JO>Ë D HõÑ¶Ö Éˇ¡_£ „ÃÑ[~ü#∞ ÃÑOK«∞`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë |~°∞=ÙQÍ
L#fl Ñ¨^•~°÷O QÆ∞~°∞`«fiO Hõey LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH _®Hõì~üÅ∞ `ÕeHõáê\˜
=ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ u#=∞O\Ï~°∞. |~°∞"≥·# Ñ¨^•~åúÖ’¡ QÆ∞~°∞`«fiO LO_»@O=Å¡ Jk
|¡_£„ÃÑ[~üx ÃÑOK«∞`«∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH â◊s~°O ^•xfl `«yæOK«∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜ x„^Œ‰õΩ
LÑ¨„Hõq∞ã¨∞ÎOk. x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞@Ñ¨C_»∞ |¡_£„ÃÑ[~ü `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok.
"Õ∞ÖÁ¯x=Ù#flÑ¨C_»∞ |¡_£ „ÃÑ[~ü Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì ÉÏÅºOÖ’
QÆ∞~°∞`«fiO=Å¡ HõÑ¶Ö=Å¡ x„^Œ#∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok â◊s~°O. ^•x
|¡_£„ÃÑ[~üx `«yæOK«∞HÀ=\ÏxH˜, ^•xH˜ "Õˆ~=∂~°æOÖË^Œ∞. =∞i "å~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
x„^ŒáÈ"åÅO>Ë =∞#O UOK≥Ü«∂ºe, ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∞O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞
QÆO@ÅHõÖÏ¡ "åix x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞ÖÏ K≥Ü«∂ºe JÖÏ Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ ÃÑO^ŒÅHÍ_»<Õ
x„^ŒáÈ"åÅO>Ë "åix \˜.q.Å #∞O_ç ^Œ∂~°OK≥Ü«∂ºe. Ñ¨Ó~°fiHÍÅO \˜.q.Å∞
ÖË=Ù HÍ|\˜ì ÃÑO^ŒÖÏ_Õ x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞"å~°∞. WÑ¨C_»∞‰õÄ_® Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ ÃÑO^ŒÖÏ_Õ
x„^ŒáÈ"åÅO>Ë \˜.q.Å‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LOKåe. HõÑO¨¶ =Ù#fl "å~°∞ x„^ŒáÈHõáÈ`Õ
Jk "åix Jã¨Î=ºã¨ÎO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. ^•x`À "åix zHÍ‰õΩÑ¨_Õ "åiQÍ KÕã¨∞ÎOk.
qã¨∞QÆ∞‰õΩ<Õ ã¨fiÉèÏ=O HõÅ"åiQÍ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Ñ≤Å¡efl =∞#O x„^ŒáÈx=fiHõáÈ`Õ
"å~°∞ z~å‰õΩÑ¨_Õ"åiQÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~°∞. HÀÑÖ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WHõ "å~°∞
`«e^¡ OŒ „_»∞Å =∂@ Un q#~°∞ ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë, â◊s~åxfl xÜ«∞O„uOKÕk =∞ã≤+Î ¯¨ O,
nxxO_® HõÑ¶Ö ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú =ÙO@∞Ok. P HõÑ¶Ö ^À+¨Ñ¨Ói`«=∞~Ú LOk.
x„^ŒãïQÍ fã¨∞HÀHõáÈ=@O=Å¡<Õ, KåÖÏ=∞Ok JO\Ï~°∞ =∂Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ Jã¨ûÅ∞
=∂=∂@ q#~°∞ Jx, "åix "åi â◊s~åxH˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ#O`«=~°‰õΩ
x„^ŒáÈx=fiO_ç. HõhãÖ 9–10 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ x„^ŒáÈx=fiO_ç. P`«~åfi`«
K«∂_»O_ç ZO`« K«H¯õ QÍ g∞=∂@ qO\Ï~À. Ñ≤ÅÖ¡ <·ˇ å ÃÑ^ŒÖÌ <·ˇ å HõÑ¨¶ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxH˜
Ö’<≥·=ÙO>Ë "åiH˜ zHÍ‰õΩ, HÀÑÖ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. ZÑ¨C_»∂ Q˘_»=ÅH˜
ã≤ÔúŒ QÍ =ÙO\Ï~°∞. ^ÕâO◊ Ö’x <Õ~ã° ∞¨ Å÷ O^Œ~∂° D HõÑã¨¶ fi¨ ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥· =Ù#flÑ¨C_Õ
<Õ~åÅ∞ KÕã∂¨ OÎ \Ï~°∞. z„`«"∞Õ q∞@O>Ë D HõÑ¶¨"Õ∞ ^À+¨Ñ¨Ói`«O HÍ‰õΩO_® LO>Ë
W^Õ =∞x+≤H˜ „¿Ñ=∞ Ñ¨Ù\˜ìã¨∞ÎOk. J"≥∞iHÍ =O\˜ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ K«∂¿ãÎ z#flÑ≤Å¡Å∞
LO\Ï~°∞. *Ë|∞Ö’¡ QÆ<£ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩx ã¨∂¯Ö’¡ \©K«~üûxHÍeÛ W`«~° q^•º~°∞÷Åx
HÍeÛ *ˇ·à◊§Ö’ =∞QÆ∞æ`«∞#fl Ñ≤Å¡ÖˇO^Œ~À =Ù<åfl~°∞. gà◊§O^ŒiÖ’ HõÑ¶Ö K≥_çáÈ~Ú
=ÙO@∞Ok. WÖÏ HõÑO¨¶ ^À+¨ÑÓ¨ i`«OQÍ =∂~°‰Ωõ O_®ÅO>Ë ^•xH˜ =∞Oz =∞O^Œ∞
"åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ ã¨∂zOKå~°∞. Jk Uq∞@O>Ë „Ñ¨âßO`«"≥∞ÿ# x„^Œ, Ñ≤Å¡ÅÔH·<å
ÃÑ^ŒÌÅÔH·<å Y~°∞ÛÖËx =∞O^Œ∞ â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=Åã≤#O`« x„^Œ.
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ ÉÏQÍ K«^Œ∞=ÙHÀ"åÅO>Ë HõÑ¶Ö `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO_®e. HõÑ¶Ö ÉÏQÍ
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO>Ë q^Œº J|ƒ^Œ∞, K«^∞Œ =Ù~å^Œ∞. Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ H˜ q^•º~°#˚ ÉÏQÍ ™êQÍÅO>Ë
HõÑ¶Ö =ÙO_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞, Ñ≤`«ÎO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O`À<Õ ™ê^èŒºO JO>Ë Ñ≤`«ÎOÜ≥ÚHõ¯
„Ñ¨ÉÏè =O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_ç, HõÑO¨¶ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ L#flÑ¨C_Õ q^•º~°#˚ ™ê^èºŒ O, HÍ|\˜ì
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ ZÑ¨C_≥·<å x„^Œ=zÛ#k JO>Ë "åix x„^ŒáÈx=fiO_ç, "å~°O`«@ "åˆ~
x„^ŒÖË= x=fiO_ç JÑ¨C_Õ "åiH˜ K«^Œ∞=Ù‰õΩ<Õk K«Hõ¯QÍ |∞„~°ÔH‰õΩ¯`«∞Ok. *Ï˝Ñ¨Hõ
=ÚO@∞Ok. J~Ú`Õ g∞~°#=K«∞Û ã¨∂¯Öò>"ÿˇ ∞£ û LO_Õk „á⁄^Œ∞<Ì Õ P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
x„^ŒáÈ`Õ ZÖÏ Jx. g∞~°∞ ã¨∂¯Å∞ Ü«∂[=∂#ºO`À =∂\Ï¡_O» _ç. "å~°∞ g∞=∂@
qO\Ï~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë JHõ¯_» K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∞#flk g∞ Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ Pã¨∂¯Å∞ #_»∞ã¨∞ÎOk,
g∞~°∞ Hõ_»∞`«∞#fl Ñ¶‘AÅ=Å¡<Õ Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ¨ÊO_ç Jã¨Å∞ ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’
L^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ HõÑ¶¨ ãÖ|O^èŒ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ
x„^ŒáÈHõáÈ`Õ "åi r=#O Jã¨Î=ºã¨÷=∞=Ù`«∞O^Œx J~°÷OKÕã¨∞HÀO_ç.
=∞x+≤H,˜ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ∞« ÉèÏQÆOÃÑ· #∞O_ç =∞ã≤+Î ¯¨ O „HÕ^Œ=~°‰Ωõ LO_Õ ÉèÏQÆ=∞O`å
HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ= ™ê÷#O JO\Ï~°∞.
Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ∂« xH˜ „HÕ^Œ #∞O_ç <åaè™ê÷#O =~°‰Ωõ Ñ≤ÒÎ« Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Hˆ „∆ `«O JO\Ï~°∞.
<åaè#∞Oz „HÕ^ŒÉèÏQÆ=∞O`å "å`«=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ˆH∆„`«O.
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥· =ÙO\Ï~°∞. Hõ#∞Hõ "åiH˜ =KÕÛ ~ÀQÍÅhfl
D ÉèÏQÍxH˜ K≥Ok#"Õ =ÙO\Ï~Ú, =Ú‰õΩ¯ HÍ~°@O, ^ŒQÆ∞æÅ∞, [Å∞|∞Å∞ WÖÏ
=ÙO\Ï~Ú. Ñ≤Å¡Å#∞ D HõÑ¶Ö ^À+¨Ñ¨Ói`«O HÍ‰õΩO_® LO_ÕÖÏ K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe,
nxH˜ "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ ã¨∂zOz# =∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O =∂b+π, JÉèíºOQÆ#O Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ
`≥·ÅO`À =∂b+π K≥Ü«∞º_»O KåÖÏ J=ã¨~°O Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ HõÑ¶Ö#∞ `«yæOK«\ÏxH˜,
L^ŒÜ«∞O x„^ŒÖËz HÍÅHõ$`åºÅ∞ f~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl `«~åfi`« `≥·ÅO`À =∂b+π KÕÜ«∞_»O
KåÖÏ=∞Ozk. QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç. HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥·#"å~°∞ Ü≥∂QÍ
„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂Å∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. "åiH˜ ãïÑ¨_Õk =∂b+π, Ñ≤`«ÎOÜ≥ÚHõ¯
„Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥· =Ù#fl"åiH˜, Ü≥∂QÍ, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂Å∞ KåÖÏ J=ã¨~°O.
"å`«O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ Ö’<≥·# "åiH˜ H˘kÌQÍ J=ã¨~°O, HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜
Jã¨Å∞ J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œ∞. Wk "åQÆƒù@∞Å ã¨∂„`«O Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ â◊s~°=∞O`å =∂b+π
K≥Ü∞« ºO_ç. HõÑO¨¶ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õ ™ê÷<åÅ∞ `«Å, K≥=ÙfiÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ =∂b+π K≥Ü∂« ºe.
K≥=ÙÖ’¡ #∂<≥ ‰õÄ_® "ÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û#∞. WHõ #∂<≥ q+¨Ü∂« xH˜ =¿ãÎ "Õ_ç „áêO`«OÖ’
LO_Õ"åiH˜ K«Å\¡ #˜ ∂<≥ H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ =∞Ozk. u#\ÏxH˜ ‰õÄ_® W^Õ =∞Ozk.
J^Õ cÇ¨~üÖÏO\˜ „áêO`åÅ "åiÔH·`Õ P"åÅ#∂<≥ =∞Ozk. WÖÏ „áêO`åÅ
"åix|\˜ì "å~°∞ #∂<≥#∞ "å_»∞HÀ"åe. =∞~˘Hõ HõÑ¶¨ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=™ê÷#O Hõà◊√§.
J~Ú`Õ Hõà◊¡Ö’ #∂<≥ "≥Ü«∞º‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ^Õâ◊"åo P=Ù <≥~Úºx "å_»=K«∞Û#∞.
WOHÍ Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ KåÖÏ =∞Ozk HÍ@∞Hõ Wq ZO`À =ÚYºO.
WHõ Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# PÇ¨~°O áêÅ∞, "≥#fl, <≥~Úº, =∞l˚QÆ, ÉˇÅ¡O
W=hfl KåÖÏ J=ã¨~°O. ÉˇÅ¡O`À Ñ¨Ñ¨C, K≥Hõ¯, #∞=ÙfiÅ K≥Hõ¯ ZO`À=∞Ozk.
WHõ =∞#O Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ =ÙOK«=Åã≤# =ã¨∞Î=Ù "≥∞ÿ^•Ñ≤O_ç Wk Hõá¶êxfl
^À+¨Ñ¨Ói`«O KÕ™êÎ~Ú. "≥∞ÿ^•`À KÕã≤# U =ã¨∞Î=Ù =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞, WHõ Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ
K≥=∞@ Ñ¨>Ëì=~°‰õΩ =∂b+π KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« ™êfl#O KÕ~ÚOK«O_ç. ™êfl#O ‰õÄ_®
Hõá¶êxfl `«yæOKÕ q^èŒOQÍ LO_®e JO>Ë, â◊#QÆÑ≤O_çx LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKåe. WOHÍ
QÆO^èŒÑ¨ÙK≥Hõ¯, =ÚÖÏÎx áœ_»~üÑ¨ÓiÎQÍ HõÑ¶¨<åtx, WÖÏ ã¨∞xflÑ≤O_ç q^è•<åxfl
J#∞ãïOKåe ã¨|∞ƒÅ∞ =^Œ∞Ì. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë, ã¨|∞ƒÖ’ ÔHq∞HõÖò LO@∞Ok.
JO>Ë ™È_çÜ«∞O ÃÇ·Ï„_®ÔH· û_£ (HÍã≤ìH±™È_®) Wk Hõá¶êxfl Ô~K«ÛQ˘_»∞`«∞Ok.
ZO`« =∂„`«=Ú =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ ã¨∞xflÑ≤O_ç =O\˜"Õ Hõá¶êxfl `«yæã¨∞ÎOk.
HÍ|\˜ì Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ™êfl#O ã¨∞xflÑ≤O_ç`À<Õ KÕ~ÚOK«O_ç.
=ÚYºOQÍ Ñ¨ _ » ∞ ‰õ Ω <Õ =ÚO^Œ ∞ \˜. q. =O\˜ "å\˜ x ^Œ ∂ ~° O QÍ
LO_»hÜ«∞O_ç. "å~°∞ ÃÑO^ŒÖÏ_Õ Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞, ÖË^ŒO>Ë Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ HõÑ¶¨
„Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜Ö’<≥· =ÙO_»@O=Å¡ "å~°∞ HÍ~°∂ì<£ Kå<≥Öòû K«∂™êÎ~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
Hõá¶êxH˜ Ö’<≥·# "å~°∞ HõeÊ`åÅ‰õΩ W+¨ìÑ¨_»`å~°∞.
WO`«‰õΩ=ÚO^Õ =∞#O K≥Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åflO. HõÑ¶Ö ã¨=∞`«∞ÅºOQÍ LO>Ë "åiÖ’
ZO`À ã¨$[<å`«‡Hõ`«#∞ ÃÑOK«∞`«∞Ok, =ºH˜Îx "≥·*Ï˝x‰õΩxQÍ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. J^Õ
HõÑO¨¶ ^À+¨ÑÓ¨ i`«"∞≥ `ÿ Õ JO^Œih q∞Oz# <Õ~ã° ∞¨ xÎ QÍ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. JO^Œ∞Hˆ Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ ‰õΩ
HõÑ„¨¶ Ñ¨ÉÏè =OÖ’ =ÙO_»@O=Å¡ "åix PÖ’zOÑ¨ KÕ¿ã"å\˜H˜ "å~°∞ W+¨Ñì _¨ `» å~°∞.
g∞~°∞ U^≥·<å Hõ^äŒ K≥Ñ¨ÊO_ç qO\Ï~°∞. ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ "åix PÖ’zOÑ¨KÕã¨∞ÎOk.
JO^Œ∞ˆH "åiH˜ =∞Oz =∞Ç¨g~°∞Å ^Õâ◊Éèí‰õΩÎÅ Hõ^äŒÅ#∞ qxÑ≤OK«O_ç,
KåÖÏ=∞Ozk.
WHõ \˜.q."åiH˜ J=ã¨~°O =ÙO_»^Œ∞. Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ U^≥·<å „Ñ¨â◊fl"Õã≤<å Jk
"åi HÍÅÊxHõ`#« ∞ ÃÑOK«∞HÀ=\ÏxˆH Jx QÆ∞iÎOK«O_ç. "åiH˜ K«H¯õ \˜ ã¨=∂^è•#O
K≥Ñ¨ÊO_ç. `≥eÜ«∞HõáÈ`Õ K«∂_»∞ ÉÏ|∞ nxH˜ ã¨=∂^è•#O h‰õΩ ˆ~Ñ¨Ù K≥Ñ¨Ù`å#∞
Jx g∞~°∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx "åiH˜ J~°=÷ ∞ÜÕ∞ºÖÏ K≥ÑÊ¨ O_ç JO`ÕHÍh, ^Õ=Ù_»∞ KÕâß_»∞
Jx WOˆH^À XHõ\ ˜ K≥ÑÊ¨ HõO_ç. H˘kÌ~ÀAÅ `«~åfi`« "å~°∞ x[O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflHõ
WHõ q∞=∞‡efl U=∂„`«O Q“~°qOK«~°∞. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ "åQÆƒù@∞Å∞ JO\Ï~°∞
JxflO\˜Hõ<åfl Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#k Ñ≤Å¡efl ÃÑOK«@O Jx.
WHõ Ñ≤`«ÎOÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxH˜ K≥Ok# "åi k#K«~°º ZÖÏ =ÙO_®e
JO>Ë 14 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û #∞O_ç 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û"å~°∞
giH˜ HõÑ¶Ö KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. "å`«O ‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO@∞Ok. g~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ x„^ŒáÈ#=ã¨~°OÖË^Œ∞. ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ 7– 8 QÆO@Å
x„^ŒãïáÈ`«∞Ok. "åQÆƒù@∞x ã¨∂„`«O „Ñ¨HÍ~°O ã¨∂~åºã¨Î=∞Ü«∞O `«~åfi`«
Ô~O_»∞QÆO@ÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨_»∞HÀ"åe. JO>Ë ~å„u 8 QÆO@ÅÑ¨C_»∞ Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩO>Ë 8
QÆO@Å x„^Œ JO>Ë `≥Å"¡ å~°∞*Ï=Ú# 4 QÆO@Å‰õΩ x„^ŒÖ"Ë åe. D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
x„^ŒÖ=Ë @O ZO`À =∞Ozk. WÖÏ „|Ç¨Ï‡=ÚÇ¨˙~°OÎ Ö’ x„^ŒÖãË #≤ "åi k#K«~º°
ZO`À „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ LO@∞Ok. 4 QÆO@Å‰õΩ x„^ŒÖËã≤#"å~°∞ "≥Ú^Œ@ L+¨ó
áê#O ã‘fiHõiOKåe. `«~åfi`« â∫K«„H˜Ü∞« #∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎKãÕ ∞¨ ‰õΩx `«~åfi`« ^ŒO`« ^è•=#O
KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. JO>Ë Ñ¨à◊√§`À=ÚHÀ=@O. Ñ≤`«Î „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜ K≥Ok# "åiH˜ Ñ¨à◊√§
`À=Ú‰õΩ<Õk HõëêÜ«∞OÖÏQÍ LO_®e. HõëêÜ«∞OÖÏQÍ JO>Ë KÕ^Œ∞QÍ LO_®e.
Ñ≤`åÎxfl `«yæOz LOK«\ÏxH˜ KÕ^Œ∞QÍ LO_Õ Ñ¨^•~åúÅˆH ™ê^èŒºO Hõ#∞Hõ JO>Ë,
"ÕÑ¨Ñ¨ÙÅ¡`À Ñ¨à◊√§`À=ÚHÀ=_»O =∞Ozk. nxHõO>Ë L"≥∞‡`«Î =∞Ozk. WÖÏˆQ
`«∞=∞‡Ñ¨ÙÅ¡, WOHÍ J~°∞˚# =$Hõ∆O, =∂q∞_ç, *Ï=∞, =O\˜ Ñ¨ÙÅ¡Å`À =∞Ozk.
|∞∞`«∞=Ù#∞|\˜ì K«∂ã≤<å JO>Ë "Õã¨qHÍÅO "≥Ú`«ÎO Ñ¨à◊√§ `À=ÚHÀ=\ÏxH˜
L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#k "ÕÑ¨. K«eHÍÅOÖ’ *Ï=∞Ñ¨ÙÅ¡`À Ñ¨à◊√§`À=ÚHÀ=@O =∞Ozk.
WHõ =~å¬Å∞ Ñ¨_ÕHÍÅOÖ’ =∂=∂_ç ÖË^• J~°∞˚# =$Hõ∆O. Ñ¨ÙÅ¡`À\˜ Ñ¨à◊√§
`À=ÚHÀ=@O =∞Ozk. "Õ∞O rq`åO`«O "ÕÑ¨Ñ¨ÙÅ¡`À<Õ Ñ¨à◊√§ `À=Ú‰õΩO\ÏO,
JO>Ë =∞Oz^ÕHÍx 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ x~å@OHõOQÍ `Àq∞# `«~åfi`« H˘kÌ~ÀAÅ∞
Páêe. D H˘kÌ~ÀAÅ∂ g∞~°∞O_Õ „Ñ¨^Õâ◊OÖ’ ÅaèOKÕ `≥·ÅO, g∞~°∞O_Õ
„Ñ¨^âÕ O◊ Ö’ ÅaèOKÕ LÑ¨C, JÖÏˆQ g∞~°∞O_Õ KÀ@ ^˘iˆH Ñ¨ã∞¨ Ñ¨Ù D =¸_çO\˜h
HõeÑ≤ g∞~°∞ Ñ¨à◊§á⁄_çx `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. Wk KåÖÏ =∞Ozk =∞~˘Hõ
Ñ¨à§◊ á⁄_ç q^è•#O P=Ù¿Ñ_»#∞ ZO_»É\ˇ ì˜ HÍÖÏÛe. P |∂_ç^ÖŒ ’ HÍã¨Î Hõ~∂° Ê~°O,
HÍã¨Î Ãã·O^Œ= Å=}Ïxfl HõÅáêe Jk‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ =∞Ozk.
WHõ =¸_»=~°HõO Ñ¨à◊§á⁄_ç „uÑ¶¨Å K«∂~°‚O – WO^Œ∞Ö’ Ãã·O^Œ= Å=}O
HõeÑ≤`Õ Wk =∞Oz ^ŒO`«=∞O[#O. WÖÏO\˜q KåÖÏ =∞Ozk.
WHõ ¿Ñã¨∞ìÅ∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ "å_»‰õÄ_»^À K«∂^•ÌO. g∞~°∞ Ñ≤`«Î „Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜
Ö’<≥·=Ù<åfl~°∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç, L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl ÖË=QÍ<Õ <À\’¡ Ñ≤`«Î"Õ∞ xO_ç
=ÙO@∞Ok. ^•<Õfl ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO JO\Ï=Ú nxflHõO„\’Öò K≥Ü∞« º\ÏxH˜ Dq^è"Œ ∞≥ #ÿ
K≥ @ ¡ Ñ ¨ Ù Å¡ Å ∞, K« ∂ ~° ‚ = ÚÅ∞ LÑ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ yOKåe. J^Õ g∞~° ∞ ¿Ñãπ ì # ∞
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yã¨∞Î<åfl~°#∞HÀO_ç, JO^Œ∞Ö’ U=ÚO@∞Ok. K«ÔH¯~° =ÙO@∞Ok. Wk
Ñ≤`åÎxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõO. nx=Å¡ g∞ Ñ≤`«ÎO K≥_çáÈ`«∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ D fÑ≤ g∞
^ŒO`åÅx áê_»∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Wk U=∂„`«O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ D ¿Ñãπì#∞
`«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ¿ãk KåÖÏ ~°HÍÅ K«xáÈ~Ú# [O`«∞=ÙÅ Z=ÚHõÅ`À\˜ ÑÖ^Œ∞Å∞,
P=ÙÅ∞, "Õ∞‰õÅ∞ Wq K«xáÈ~Ú# `«~åfi`« g\˜ Z=ÚHõÅ`À\˜ `«Ü«∂~°∞
KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞. =∞i =∞#O âßMÏÇ¨~°∞Å"≥∞`ÿ Õ ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å#∞ áê\ÕKÕ "åi"≥∞`ÿ Õ
Wk ZO`«=∂„`«O ã¨=∞O[ãÖ PÖ’zOK«O_ç. XHõ HõOÃÑh"å~°∞ XHõ =ã¨∞Î=Ù
`«Ü«∂~°∞ K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ [O`«∞=Ù#∞ K«OÑ≤`Õ, Jk "åiH˜ áêÑÖ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
JÖÏˆQ P =ã¨∞Î=Ù `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ¿ãk =∞#HÀã¨"Õ∞ HÍ|\˜ì P áêÑ¨ÉèÏQÆO =∞#H©
JO@∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ Ñ¨à◊§ â◊√„Éèí`«H˜ Ñ¨ÙÅ¡Å#∞ "å_»O_ç g∞‰õΩ Wq
^˘~°Hõ=Ù J#∞‰õΩO>Ë Ñ¨à◊§á⁄_çx "å_»O_ç ÖË^ŒO>Ë JxflHÍÖÏÖ’¡ JO^Œ~°∂
"å_»^Œy#k „uÑ¶¨ÅK«∂~°‚O Wk "å_»∞HÀO_ç.
WHõ Ñ≤`„Î« Ñ¨HÀÑÖ K≥Ok#"å~°∞ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ "åºÜ«∂=∞O K≥Ü∂« ºe. `«~åfi`«
=∂e+π K≥Ü«∂ºe, "åºÜ«∂=∞O Z=iÔH·<å ã¨ˆ~ K≥=∞@Å∞ Ñ¨>Ëì=~°ˆH K≥Ü«∂ºe.
5 xq∞ëêÅˆH K≥=∞@=zÛ<å 20 xq∞ëêÅ‰õΩ K≥=∞@=zÛ<å K≥=∞@Ñ¨\ ˜ì#
"≥O@<Õ "åºÜ«∂=∞O PÑ≤"Ü ≥ ∂« ºe. JO`«‰Ωõ q∞Oz K≥Ü∞« º‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . WHõ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ ◊
"å`å=~°}Ïxfl J#∞ãïOz x^•#OQÍ KÕ¿ã "åºÜ«∂=∂Å∞ K≥Ü«∂ºe. JO>Ë
ã¨∂~°º#=∞™ê¯~åÅ∞ KåÖÏ =∞Ozk. Wq "åºÜ«∂=∂Å∞ J#∞‰õΩ<åflã¨~ˆ Pã¨<åÅ∞
J#∞‰õΩ<åflã¨ˆ~ W"Õ =∞Ozk.
WHõ „ã‘ÎÅÔH·`Õ "åiH˜ WO\˜Ö’ Ñ¨#O`å ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ KÕ¿ãÎ ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
"åiH˜ "åºÜ«∂=∂Å∞ u~°∞QÆe, ~°∞|∞ƒ~ÀÅ∞ =O\˜q LÑ¨Ü≥∂y¿ãÎ g∞‰õΩ KåÖÏ
=∞Ozk. Ñ≤O_ç=∞~°Ö’ "Õ¿ãÑ≤O_ç "ÕQÆOQÍ [~°QÆ_»O=Å¡ "Õ_ç ÃÑiy P ^è•#ºO
"å`åxfl ÃÑOK«∞`«∞Ok. J^Õ `«~Q° eÆ Ö’ J~Ú`Õ z#flQÍ "≥Ú^ŒQ_Æ O» =Å# "å`«O
ÃÑ~°QÆ‰õΩO_® =∞Oz áÈ+¨HÍÅ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. WOH˘Hõ =∞Oz "åºÜ«∂=∞O
=ÚO^Œ∞H˜ =OQÆ_»O JÑ¨C_»Ñ¨C_»∂ #_»∞=Ú`À =OQÆ∞`«∞O>Ë #_»∞=Ú <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞
~å‰õΩO_® =ÙO\Ï~Ú. WHõ „ã‘ÎÅ‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® =∂b+π =∞Ozk. JiHÍà◊§Ö’ ‰õÄ_®
=∂b+π K≥Ü«∂ºe. `«~åfi`« ™êfl#O K≥Ü«∂ºe. ™êÜ«∞O„`«O 7 QÆOIIÅÖ’¿Ñ
Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∂ºe. ÃÑO^ŒÅHÍ_»<Õ x„^ŒáÈ=@O =∞Ozk. Wk Ñ≤`«Î „Ñ¨Hõ$u
"åik#K«~°º.
WHõ "å`«„Ñ¨Hõ$u=Ù#fl "åi k#K«~°º 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ ÃÑ·|_ç#"åiH˜
"åºÜ«∂=∞O x+≤^ŒúO. "åiH˜ ‰õÄ_® Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ÖÏQÍ =∂b+π J=ã¨~°O. giH˜
=∂„`«O q„âßOu Z‰õΩ¯= J=ã¨~°O. Wk =¸_»∞ „Ñ¨Hõ$`«∞Å"åi k#K«~°º.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : =∞x+≤ =¸„`«O qÅ∞= Uq∞\˜?
["å|∞ : Ñ¨ÓiÎ âßMÏÇ¨~°∞Öˇ`· Õ g∞=¸„`«O g∞‰õΩ =∞Ozk HÍh ZÑ¨Ê\˜HÔ <· å
QÀ=Ù =¸„`«"Õ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „áê^è•#ºO.
=∞x+≤ =¸„`«O fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ@@¡~Ú`Õ „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl =KÕÛ =¸„`«O =∂„`«"Õ∞
LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» `«∞Ok. Jk‰õÄ_® =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ=KÕÛ HÍãÎ̈ =¸„`«O q_çz"ÕÜ∂« e.
z=iHÍã¨Î q_çz"Õ≥Ü«∂e =∞^èŒºÖ’ =KÕÛ HÍã¨Î =∂„`«"Õ∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
â◊s~°OÖ’ "ÕQÍÅ∞
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ XHõ "ÕQÆO =ÙO@∞Ok. P "ÕQÍÅ∞=zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ "å\˜x
PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. "å\˜Ö’ XHõ\ ˜ #=Ùfi, #=Ùfi =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ á⁄@ì
K≥Hõ¯ÅÜÕ∞ºÖÏ #=fiO_ç, ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ #=Ùfi =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ H˘xfl ~°™êÅ∞
(ZO*ˇ·"£∞û) q_»∞^ŒÅ=Ù`å~Ú. JÑ¨C_»∞ #=Ùfi =ã¨∞ÎOk, "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’ Ñ‘¡#~ÚÖò
QÍ¡O_£ Jx =ÙO@∞Ok. Jk ~°™êÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ #=Ùfi =ã¨∞ÎOk.
D ~°™êÅ∞ ZÑ¨C_»∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. ÉèÏ=O^•fi~å ~°™êÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k.
H˘xfl â◊Hõ<£ûÖ’<Õ ÉèÏ=# HõÅQÆ_»O #=fi_»O XˆH™êi [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JO`ÕQÍh
|Å=O`«OQÍ ZÑ¨C_»∂ #=fi‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WÖÏ #qfi`Õ ZÖÏO\˜ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O
=ÙO_»^Œ∞. D ÖÏÑ¶≤OQ∑ Hõ¡ÉòûÖ’¡ ‰õÄ_® "å~°∞ U^≥·<å *’H±"Õã≤ #"ÕfiÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ
=∞Oz^ÕQÍx TiˆH <À~°∞ `≥~°∞K«∞‰õΩx UÉèÏ=<å ÖË‰õΩO_® #qfi`Õ XHÀ¯™êi
#~°OÃÑ·# #~°"≥∞ˆH¯ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=Ú#flk. Wk KåÖÏ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ=Ú, ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ =KÕÛ
#=Ùfi#∞ ÑïÑ¨Ó~°‚OQÍ #=fiO_ç, Ü«∂O„uHõOQÍ #=fiHõO_ç. ^ÕxÔH·<å =∞^èÕº
=∂~°æOQÍ LO_®e. JuQÍ LO_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. W^Õ =∞#‰õΩ =∞Ozk. =∞#Ö’
=ÙO_Õ "ÕQÍÅÖ’ =∞~˘Hõ"ÕQÆO `«∞=Ú‡. `«∞=Ú‡‰õÄ_® Jk =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞
PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. |Å=O`«OQÍ `≥K«∞Û‰õΩx `«∞=∞‡‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
WOH˘Hõ "ÕQÆO ^•Ç¨ÏO Wk‰õÄ_® JO`Õ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_®
h~°∞ „`åQÍe. J~Ú`Õ g∞‰õΩ ZO`« f„="≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã≤<å h~°∞ „`åˆQ
q+¨Ü«∞O =∞~°=‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ˆH=ÅO ã≤Ñπã≤Ñπ KÕã¨∂Î, QÆ∞@HõQÆ∞@QÍ =∂„`«"Õ∞ h~°∞
„`åQÍe. QÆ@QÆ\Ï "ÕQÆOQÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O=Å# Ô~O_»∞~°HÍÅ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =KÕÛ
J=HÍâ◊O =ÙOk. XHõ\ ˜ ÃÇÏiflÜ«∂, ¿ÑQÆ∞*Ï~°@O JO\Ï~°∞. Ô~O_»=k
JÃÑO_çÃã·\ ˜ãπ. D Ô~O_»∞~°HÍÅ "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ =KÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O =Ù#flk. J^Õ ÉÏQÍ
ÃÑ^Œ"Ì åiÔH`· Õ 60 Uà◊§ ÃÑ|· _ç# "åÔ~`· Õ JÑ¨C_»∞ ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ "ÕQOÆ QÍ „`åˆQ"åÔ~`· Õ
ÃÇ·Ï„_Àã≤Öò "åºkè ~å=K«∞Û, „á⁄¿ãì\ò ãÖ|OkèOz# "åºkè‰õÄ_® ~å=K«∞Û#∞.
JO^Œ∞Hõx h\˜x ZÑ¨C_»∂ ã≤Ñπ ã≤Ñπ KÕã¨∂Î „`åQÍe. ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞
`«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® h~°∞ „`åQÍe. Éè’[#O KÕã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õ¿ãÎ g∞~°∞ =∞l˚QÆ#∞
„`åQÍe.
WHõ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# ã¨=∞Ü«∞O L^ŒÜ«∞O.
x„^ŒÖË=QÍ<Õ Pã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∂„`«"Õ∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞HõáÈ~Ú<å h~°∞#∞
„`åQÆ=Öˇ#∞. =∞~˘Hõ =ÚYºq+¨Ü«∞O, h~°∞ „`åˆQ@Ñ¨C_»∞ YzÛ`«OQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
=∂„`«"∞Õ h~°∞ „`åQÍe. P=ÙáêÅ∞ Ñ≤uHˆ @Ñ¨C_»∞ ‰õÄ~°∞Û#fl@∞¡ Q˘O`«∞‰õΩ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
ÖËHõ ã¨∞MÏã¨#O`À ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx QÍh h~°∞ `åQÍe. xÖÁÛx HÍh ‰õΩsÛÖ’ ã¨QÆO
‰õÄ~°∞Ûx QÍh h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
=∞~˘Hõ"QÕ OÆ PHõe. Wk KåÖÏ *Ï„QÆ`QÎ« Í LO_»=Åã≤# q+¨Ü∞« O. PHõex
PÑ≤`Õ =KÕÛ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ 103. Wq "≥Ú^Œ@ Zã≤_\ç `© À "≥Ú^ŒÖ·ˇ z=~°QÍ ¿ÑQÆ∞Hˆ #û~ü
=~°‰õΩ ^•ifã¨∞ÎOk. JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ PHõex |Å=O`«OQÍ ZÑ¨C_»∂ PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
WHõ LÑ¨"åãÖ LO_®ÅO>Ë =∞Oz^Õ. Wk â◊s~åxfl â◊√kú KÕã¨∞ÎOk. J~Ú`Õ
ZÑ¨C_≥<· å g∞~°∞ ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uO>Ë g∞‰õΩ JÖÏ JxÑ≤¿ãÎ LÑ¨"åãÖ LO_»@O
=∞Oz^Õ ÖË^• "å~åxH˜ XHõ~ÀA LÑ¨"åãÖ =∞Ozk. D LÑ¨"åã¨ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
YzÛ`«OQÍ h~°∞ `åQÆ∞`«∂ LO_®e. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë g∞~°∞ LÑ¨"åãÖ KÕã∞¨ #Î flÑ¨C_»∞
‰õÄ_® g∞ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ P=∂¡Å∞ ib*ò J=Ù`å~Ú. nxx ÃÇ·Ï„_ÀHÀ¡iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£
JO\Ï~°∞. Wk ib*ò JÜÕ∞ºk =∞#O u#fl PÇ¨~åxfl r~°‚O K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxˆH
=∞i LÑ¨"åãÖÖ’ PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞HÀ=Ú HÍ|\˜ì h~°∞ `åQÆ∞`«∞O>Ë (ÃÇÏKü.ã≤.Ü«∞Öò.)
ÃÇÏ· „_ÀHÀ¡iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£ h\˜`À Hõeã≤ =¸„`«O^•fi~å |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∞OÎ k. JÑ¨C_»∞
=∞#‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ Ç¨h [~°∞QÆ^Œ∞, ÖË‰õΩO>Ë ÃÇ·Ï„_ÀHÀ¡iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£ ¿ÑQÆ∞efl
HÍeÛ"Õã¨∞ÎOk. nx=Å¡ JÅû~ü, ÃÑÑ≤ìH± JÅû~ü WÖÏ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =KÕÛ
J=HÍâ◊O LOk. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ ~ÀE =¸_»∞ Ñ¨Ó@¡ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã"åÔ~·`Õ
"å~åxH˜ XHõ~ÀA LÑ¨"åãÖ K≥Ü«∞º_»O =∞Oz^Õ. Jk ‰õÄ_® =∞^èŒº =∞^èŒºÖ’
h~°∞„`åQÆ∞`«∂ =ÙO_®e. WOHÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ âßMÏÇ¨~°∞Öˇ`· Õ LÑ¨"åãÖ JO`« =∞Ozk
HÍ^Œ∞. =∂O™êÇ¨~°∞Å‰õΩ =∂„`«O LÑ¨"åãÖ `«Ñ¨Êxãï. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
=∂O™êÇ¨~°O u<Õ"åiH˜ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ Ü«∂ã≤_£û ib*ò J=@O `«yæáÈ`å~Ú.
nx=Å¡ g~°∞ n~°…HÍÅO LÑ¨"åãÖ K≥Ü«∞º=K«∞Û.
n~°…HÍÅOQÍ LÑ¨"åãÖ =ÙO_Õ"å~°∞ h\˜Ö’ <≥~Úºx "Õã¨∞‰õΩx `åQÆ∞`«∂
LO_»=K«∞Û. Å=OQÆO h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. WOHÍ HÍz K«ÖÏ¡iÛ# h~°∞ nx<Õ
Ñ¨Ó~°‚[ÅO JO\Ï~°∞. Wk‰õÄ_® fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ „â◊q∞OKÕ"å~°∞ LÑ¨"åãÖ K≥Ü«∞º‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. JO>Ë á⁄ÅO
Ñ¨xKÕ¿ã"å~°∞ iH∆Í`˘ˆH¯"å~°∞, ~åà◊√§ H˘>Ëì"å~°∞ WÖÏ âßs~°Hõ „â◊=∞KÕ¿ã"å~°∞
LÑ¨"åãÖ K≥Ü«∞º‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
WHõ =∞~˘Hõ "ÕQÆO P=eO`«Å∞. Wq‰õÄ_® PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. Éˇ¡_£Ö’ PH˜û[<£
`«yæ#Ñ¨C_»∞ P=eO`«Å∞ =™êÎ~Ú. J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù PH˜û[<£ fã¨∞HÀ=\ÏxHÀã¨"Õ∞.
JO^Œ∞Hˆ P=eO`«Å∞ PÑ¨‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . <À~°∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `≥~z° P=eO`«#∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
JÑ¨C_Õ â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=Åã≤#O`« PH˜û[<£ =ã¨∞ÎOk. <À\˜H˜ K≥~Úº J_»¤O =ÙOz
P=e¿ãÎ HÍ=Åã≤#O`« PH˜û[<£ ãïáÈ^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ =∞#HõO>Ë ÃÑ^ŒÌ"å~°∞
QÆ∞~°∞=ÙÅ∞ =∞#=ÚO^Œ∞ =ÙO>Ë "åi=ÚO^Œ∞ <À~°∞ `≥~°z P=eOK«@O
=∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ H˘kÌ Ñ¨H¯õ ‰õΩ"≥o§ P=eOK«_O» =∞Ozk. ‰õΩ^Œ~x° Ñ¨HO∆õ Ö’
KÕu QÆ∞_»¤#∞ <À\˜^ŒQÆæ~° ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩx P=eOK«O_ç.
=∞~˘Hõ"ÕQÆO =¸„`«qã¨~°˚# Wk‰õÄ_® PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. nxx PÑ¨_»O=Å¡
~°HõÎOÖ’x qHÍ~åÅhfl g∞‰õΩ =™êÎ~Ú. =¸„`åxfl |Å=O`«OQÍ PÑ¨_»O=Å¡
â◊s~°=∞O`«\Ï XuÎ_ç ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ =¸„`«O =zÛ# "≥O@<Õ "≥o§
q_»∞^ŒÅ K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç PÑ¨HõO_ç. g∞‰õΩ H˘kÌH˘kÌQÍ =¸„`«O ~å=@O `«~°K«∂
=¸„`«O ~å=@O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O>Ë g∞~°∞ "≥O@<Õ "≥·^Œ∞ºx ãÖ„Ñ¨kOz zH˜`«û
KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀO_ç. ^è•~åà◊OQÍ =¸„`«O =ã¨∞ÎO>Ë =∂„`«O PÑ¨‰õΩO_® "≥à◊§O_ç.
=∞~˘Hõ"ÕQÆO =∞Åqã¨~°˚# nxfl‰õÄ_® PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. gÖˇ·#O`«=~°‰õΩ
JxflKÀ@¡ \Ï~ÚÖˇ\òû JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ =Ù<åfl~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ qxÜ≥∂yOK«∞HÀO_ç.
g∞‰õΩ XHõ~ÀAÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ ™œK«„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ "≥à◊§_»O =∞Oz ÅHõ∆}O. ˆH=ÅO
L^ŒÜ«∞"Õ∞ HÍ=K«∞Û, ÖË^• L^ŒÜ«∞O, =∞^è•ºÇ¨ÏflO HÍ=K«∞Û, ÖË^• L^ŒÜ«∞O
™êÜ«∞O„`«O HÍ=K«∞Û ZÖÏÔQ·<å ~ÀAÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ =∞Åqã¨~°˚# P~ÀQÆº"Õ∞,
Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°¡HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= =¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ =¿ãÎ H˘OK«O Ñ¨~åfiÖË^Œ∞. JO`«HõO>Ë
Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ "≥àıÎ „Ñ¨=∂^Œ"Õ∞. JÑ¨C_»∞ g∞~°∞ "≥·^Œ∞ºxfl Hõeã≤ zH˜`«û
KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀO_ç.
Hõ#∞Hõ U "ÕQÍhfl ‰õÄ_® P¿Ñ „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flO K≥Ü«∞º‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. WHõ ˆH=ÅO
„|Ç¨Ï‡Kå~°∞Å∞ ™ê^èŒ∞Å∞, ãÖ`üÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ PÑ¨=Åã≤#k HÍ=∞"ÕQÆO. Wk
QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞ÅÎ ∞ PÑ¨‰Äõ _»^∞Œ . QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞ÅÎ ∞ g~°º"ÕQÍxfl PÑ≤`Õ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
™ê^èŒ∞=ÙÖˇ·`Õ "åi PÇ¨~° xÜ«∞=∞O "Õ~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok Hõ#∞Hõ "å~°∞ D "ÕQÍxfl
PÑ¨=K«∞Û. QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞ÎÅ∞ PÑ¨‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
=∞iH˘xfl ã¨∂„`åÅ∞
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜k Éè’[#O KÕã≤# "≥O@<Õ hà◊√¡ „`åQÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. QÆO@#fl~° `«~åfi`«
hà◊√§ „`åQÍe. WÖÏ „`åQÆ@O =Å# g∞ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞. KåÖÏ `ÕeHõQÍ
J=Ù`å~°∞. ZO`À P~ÀQÆº=O`«∞Å∞QÍ J=Ù`å~°∞. h\˜x ZÑ¨C_»∂ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx
„`åQÍe. áê„`«‰õÄ_® QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ LO_®e JO>Ë Ö’\Ï JO\Ï~°∞, QÍ¡ã¨∞ =^Œ∞Ì
QÍ¡ã¨∞. ÉèÏ~°`«^ÕâßxH˜ HÍ^Œ∞ áÈ~°∞Ûwã¨∞ "åà◊§k =∞# Ñ¨^Œúu QÆ∞O„_»Ñ¨ÙÖ’\Ï D
QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ L#fl =ã¨∞=Î ÙÖ’ ã¨~Ô Êùãπ >ˇ#¬<£ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. JO>Ë LÑï`«Å
`«#º`« JO@~°∞. nx=Å¡ JO^Œ∞Ö’ LO_Õ h\˜H˜ ‰õÄ_® ã¨~Ê° ãù π >ˇ#¬<£ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ
LO@∞Ok. W^Õ g∞ â◊s~åxH˜ ãïáÈ`«∞Ok. QÍ¡ã¨∞Ö’ h~°∞H˜ ã¨~°Êùãπ>ˇ#¬<£
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»@O=Å¡ Wk g∞‰õΩ =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. g∞~°∞ K«∂¿ãÎ ÉÏ=ÙÅ∞ =Ù<åfl~Ú.
Hõ^ŒÉÏ=ÙÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ<Õ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. g\˜Ö’<Õ ã¨~°Êùãπ>ˇ#¬<£ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO@∞Ok. nx=Å¡ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ QÆO Uq∞@O>Ë h\˜H˜ â◊√„ÉèÑí i¨ KÕ QÆ∞}O =ÙO@∞Ok.
g∞ â◊s~°OÖ’x =∞e<åÅ#∞ â◊√„ÉèOí KÕÜ∂« ÅO>Ë h\˜Ö’x ã¨~Ê° ãù >π #ˇ ¬<£ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ
LO_®e. Wk QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ L#fl áê„`«ÅÖ’<Õ ™ê^èŒº=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. nxg∞^Œ g∞~°∞
XHõ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO K≥Ü«∞º=K«∞Û. UO@O>Ë g∞~°∞ áêÅ#∞ =ÚMÏxH˜ ~åã¨∞‰õΩx
^Œ∂k`À =ÚYO `«∞_»∞K«∞‰õΩO>Ë =∂e#ºO "≥Ú`«ÎO |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë áêÅÖ’ ã¨~°Êùãπ >ˇ#¬<£ KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. nx=Å¡
âıfi^Œ~°O„^è•Å∞ `≥~°∞K«∞‰õΩx =∂e<åºxfl |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÑÖÑ¨Ù`«∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ
QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ L#flÖ’\ÏÖ’ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ Hõ_∞» Ñ¨ÙÖ’x ¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ qK«∞Û‰õΩx =∞e<åÅhfl
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÑÖÑ¨Ù`«∞Ok. ã¨~°Êùãπ>ˇ#¬<£ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl h\˜x „`åy`Õ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞
=Ú_»∞K«∞‰õΩx áÈ`å~Ú. nx=Å¡<Õ =¸Åâ◊OHõ, ÉèíQÆO^èŒ~ü ~ÀQÍÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
JO^Œ∞Hõ<Õ g∞~°∞ Ö’\ÏÖ’x h\˜<Õ „`åQÆO_ç. ÉÏ=ÙÅ∞, K≥~°∞=ÙÅ∞ QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ<Õ
LO\Ï~Ú. "å\˜Ö’x h~°∞ =∞Ozk. J^Õ #^Œ∞Å∞ á⁄_»∞QÍæ =ÙO\Ï~Ú QÆ∞O„_»OQÍ
LO_»^Œ∞. Jq =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ g∞~°∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Ö’ h\˜x „`åQÆ@O =∂#O_ç.
QÆ∞O„_»Ñ¨Ù Ö’\ÏÅ<Õ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«O_ç. QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀO_ç h~°∞ ZÑ¨C_»∂ ‰õÄ~°∞Û<Õ
„`åQÆO_ç xÅ|_ç „`åQÆHõO_ç. K«Å¡\ ˜ h\˜x „`åQÆ=^Œ∞Ì. K«Å¡\ ˜ h\˜Ö’ ã¨~°Êùãπ
>ˇ#¬<£ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜Ö’ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ
ZÑ¨C_»∂ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜<Õ „`åQÆO_ç, f„="≥∞ÿ# ZO_» L#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
=∞\˜`ì À KÕã#≤ ‰õΩO_»Ö’ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. =∞\˜‰ì Ωõ O_»Ö’ h~°∞ "Õ_Kç Ü
Õ ∞« =Åã≤#
Ñ¨xÖË^Œ∞. =∞\˜ìHõO>Ë h\˜x â◊√kúKÕÜ«∞ QÆey#k UnÖË^Œ∞.
WHõ Éè’[#O KÕÜ«∞@O ‰õÄ_® ZÑ¨C_»∂ xÖÁÛx KÕÜ«∞HõO_ç. Wk
=∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞. ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx Éè’[#O K≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. =∞~˘Hõ\ ˜, Éè’[#OÖ’ U Ô~O_»∞
q~°∞^Œú ã¨fiÉèÏ"åÅx HõÅÑ¨HõO_ç, JO>Ë áêÅÖ’ KÕã≤# Ñ¨~°=∂#flO,
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`ÀKÕã≤# Ñ¨K«Û_ç WÖÏ XˆH™êi HõeÑ≤ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
JÖÏˆQ <≥~Úº { `Õ<≥ HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. <≥~Úº { ÉˇÅ¡O HõeÑ≤
u#=K«∞Û#∞. WOHÍ, Ñ¨#ã¨ÑÖ_»∞{áêÅ∞ HõeÑ≤ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
áêÅ∞{Lã≤i HõeÑ≤ u#=K«∞Û#∞. =∞~˘Hõ\ ˜, Éè’[#O L^ŒÜ«∞O 9
QÆO@ÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù u<åe, ™êÜ«∞O„`«O 6 QÆO@ÅHõÖÏ¡ Éè’[#O =ÚyOKåe. =∞^èºŒ Ö’
PHõe "Õ¿ãÎ Ñ¨b¡Å∞{ÉˇÅ¡O`À KÕã≤# Ñ¨Ñ¨CK≥Hõ¯ u#=K«∞Û. HÍã¨Î Z‰õΩ¯= u<åflO
JxÑ≤¿ãÎ H˘OK≥O âÁOiîx <åHõ=K«∞Û ÖË^• JÅ¡O#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«=K«∞Û.
WHõ g∞~°∞ LO_Õ „áêO`åxfl|\˜ì g∞~°∞ PÇ¨~°O fã¨∞HÀ"åe. K«Å¡\ ˜
„Ñ¨^Õâ◊O "åiH˜ JHõ¯_» QÀ^èŒ∞=∞Å∞ ÑÖ_»∞`å~Ú. "å~°∞ "å\˜x PÇ¨~°OQÍ
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. "Õ_ç „áêO`«O "åiH˜ =i, *Á#flÅ∞, ã¨[˚Å∞, ÑÖ_»∞`å~Ú.
JHõ¯_» ÑÖ_Õ ÑÖ@Å∞ JHõ¯_» x=ã≤OKÕ "åiH˜ =∞Ozk. WHõ QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ
=∞~˘Hõ q+¨Ü«∞O x„^ŒÖË=QÍ<Õ =∞Ozhà◊√§ „`åQÆ@O. L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl <À\˜Ö’x
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO KåÖÏ =∞Oz QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞ Hõey LO\Ï~Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ D Ñ¨^Œúux
=∞~°záÈHõO_ç. 18 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù "å~°∞ 60 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ ÃÑ·|_ç#"å~°∞
2 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. q∞ye#"å~°∞ 3 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ h~°∞ „`åQÍe. ã≤Ñπ
ã≤Ñπ KÕã∂¨ <Î Õ „`åQÍe. D L^ŒÜ∞« O h~°∞ =∂„`«O g∞‰õΩ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ∞« HõáÈ~Ú<å
„`åQÍe.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : x„^Œ ãïQÍ Ñ¨@ìHõáÈ`Õ UO KÕÜ«∂e?
["å|∞ : â◊s~°OÖ’ "å`«O ÃÑiy`Õ x„^Œ Ñ¨@ìHõáÈ=K«∞Û. g~°∞ ^Õâ◊"åm
P=Ù<≥~Úºx Ñ¨_∞» ‰õΩ<Õ=ÚO^Œ∞ ~Ô O_»∞ K«∞Hõ¯Å∞ ~Ô O_»∞ =Ú‰õΩ¯~°O„^è•Ö’¡ "Õã∞¨ ‰õΩx
Ñ¨_»∞HÀO_ç. =∞Oz x„^ŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. QÆ∞~°Hõ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok, HõÅÅ∞~å=Ù, Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ
WÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ =∞Oz *Ï˝Ñ¨Hõâ◊H˜Î ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : JkèHõ ~°HõÎáÈ@∞ QÆ∞iOz
["å|∞ : ~°HõÎOÖ’ P=∂¡Å∞ ÃÑ~°yáÈ`Õ WÖÏ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. g~°∞ H∆Í~°
Ñ¨^•~°÷"≥∞ÿ# "≥∞O`«∞Å∞, HÍºÔ~\ò, WOHÍ PÑ≤Öò, *Ï=∞ÑÖ_»∞, J~°\ ˜HÍÜ«∞, WÖÏ
~°ãÖÖËx ÑÖ_»¡Ö’ H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O =ÙO@∞Ok. Wq fã¨∞HÀ"åe. P‰õΩ‰õÄ~°Ö’¡
áêÅ‰õÄ~°, |OQÍà◊^Œ∞OÑ¨ H∆Í~°=Ú HÍ^Œ∞. P=∞¡=ÚHÍ^Œ∞, Wk =∞^èŒº ã≤÷u
Hõey#k. WÖÏ H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O Hõey# Ñ¨^•~åúÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë g∞ Éˇ¡_£„ÃÑ[~ü
`«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. Wk KåÖÏ =∞Ozk. ™⁄~°HÍÜ«∞Ö’
Z‰õΩ¯= H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O L#flk. nxx Ñ¨zÛQÍ ‰õÄ_® fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. ~°ãÖ
„`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞.
Pã¨Î=∂, Wk "åÜ«Ú „Ñ¨HÀÑÖ=Å¡ =KÕÛk nxH˜ ^•eÛ#K≥Hõ¯#∞ `Õ<≥`À
HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ~°ãÖ LO_ç‰õÄ_® H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O Hõey XˆH XHõ HÍÜ«∞
H˘|ƒiHÍÜ«∞. Pã¨=Î ∂ { L|ƒãÖ L#fl"å~°∞ „Hõ=∞O `«ÑÊ¨ ‰õΩO_® H˘|ƒiHÍÜ«∞#∞
u#O_ç. Ñ¨zÛH˘|ƒix ~ÀA 50 „QÍ=ÚÅ=~°‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ #q∞e #q∞e u<åe.
WÖÏuO>Ë 3 <≥ÅÖ’¡ g∞ Pã¨Î=∂ { L|ƒãÖ `«yæáÈ`å~Ú.
<À\˜Ö’ ÉÁ|ƒÅ∞ – Wk g∞ Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’ =∞e<åÅ∞ LO>Ë =™êÎ~Ú. nxH˜
L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl hà◊√§ ã≤Ñπ KÕã≤ „`åQÆ∞`«∞O>Ë `«yæáÈ`å~Ú. ÖË^ŒO>Ë Ç¨ÏŸq∞Ü≥∂Ö’
É’Ô~H±û ("≥eQÍ~°O) Jx =∞O^Œ∞ LO@∞Ok "å_»∞HÀO_ç.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : QÀ=Ù P~ÀQÆºOQÆ ÉÏQÍ ÖËHõáÈ`Õ PQÀ=Ù=¸„`«O „`åQÆ=KåÛ?
["å|∞ : "Õ∞=Ú KÕã≤# „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO K≥áêÎ#∞. P=Ù‰õΩ 6 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞
áê@∞ P~°≈xH± (áêëê}O) J<Õ qëêxfl `«‰õΩ¯= "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "Õ∞`«`À HõeÑ≤
uxÑ≤KåÛ=Ú. Jk WÑ¨Ê\˜H© Ñ¨ÓiÎ P~ÀQÍºOQÍ LOk. ^•x =¸„`åxfl
ÑïjeOz K«∂¿ãÎ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ áÈ+¨HÍÅ∞ =Ù<åfl~Ú. "Õ∞=Ú J#∞‰õΩ<åflO QÀ=∂`«
HõO~î°OÖ’ t=Ù_»∞ (QÆ~°à◊HõO~î°∞_»∞) L<åfl_Õ"≥∂ D qëêxfl JO`«\ ˜h J`«_Õ
„`åˆQã≤ LO\Ï_»∞ Jx HÍ|\˜ì QÀ=Ù K≥`«Îx uO@∞<åflã¨ˆ~ P K≥`«Î =¸„`«O
=~°‰õΩ ~å^Œ∞. QÀ=¸„`«O fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞, =∞#O XHõ"Õà◊ Z‰õΩ¯= QÀ=¸„`«O
fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl Jk 20 xq∞ëêÅÖ’¿Ñ Jk g∞ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç =¸„`«OQÍ
qãï˚ã¨∞ÎOk. Ö’Ñ¨Å LO_»hÜ«∞^Œ∞.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : P~°úÔ~·\ ˜ãπ QÆ∞iOz
["å|∞ : P~°÷Ô~·\ ˜ãπ QÆ∞iOz – g∞~°∞ Z\˜ì Ñïã≤÷uÖ’#∂ PÑ¨ˆ~+¨<£
KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀHõO_ç g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞Hõ^• J@Öò aÇ¨i "å*òáêÜü∞ QÍ~°∞
„Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ÃãÊ+ëãπì J~Ú# _®II ~å_®=`ü QÍiKÕ`« PÑ¨ˆ~+¨<£
KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. `«~åfi`« "å~°<åfl~°∞ <Õ#∞ PÑ¨ˆ~+¨<£‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ HÍã¨Î
#_»=QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. WÑ¨Ù_»∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ gÖòKè≥·~üÖ’<Õ LO@∞<åfl#∞ Jx Hõ#∞Hõ
g∞‰õΩ D ã¨=∞ã¨º=ÙO>Ë g∞~°∞ ã¨∞#flO u#O_ç. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞Ö’QÍh, =∞l˚QÆ, hà◊√§,
EºãπÅÖ’ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. J~°÷Ô~·\ ˜ãπ L#fl"å~°∞ ~ÀA‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ „QÍ=ÚÅ∞ ã¨∞#flO,
=∂=¸Å∞"å~°∞ 1 „QÍ=Ú ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. WOHÍ "≥∂`å^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_®
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.
WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯= H∆Í~°QÆ∞}O QÆey#k áêi*Ï`« =$Hõ∆O K≥@∞ì P‰õΩÅ∞. Wq
4–5 P‰õΩÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ #eÑ≤ h\˜Ö’"Õã≤ Ph\˜x ÉÏQÍ Pq~°ÜÕ∞ºÖÏQÍ "Õ_çKÕã≤
Ph\˜x L^ŒÜ∞« O Ñ¨Ó@ QÆ∞@Hõ QÆ∞@HõQÍ „`åQÆO_ç. g∞‰õΩ Jxfl~°HÍÅ P~°~Ôú \· ã© Åπ ∞
`«yæáÈ`å~Ú.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : Sãπ„H©"£∞ ZÑ¨C_»∞ u<åe.
["å|∞ : ZÑ¨C_»∂ u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. `«Ñ¨Ê^ŒO>Ë Sãπ„H©"£∞ u#fl `«~åfi`«
"Õ_çh\˜Ö’ <≥~Úºx HõeÑ≤ „`åQÆO_ç, ^•x=Å¡ =KÕÛ ^ÀëêÅhfl áÈ`å~Ú.
Pã¨=Î ∂{P~°~Ôú \· ã˜ π =Ù#fl"å~°∞ ^•eÛ# K≥H¯õ , âÁOiî, HõëêÜ«∞O `«ÑÊ¨ ‰õΩO_®
„`åQÍe. "åÜ«Ú ãÖ|O^èŒ ~ÀQÍÅ∞#fl"å~°∞ ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl ‰õÄ_® HõÅÑ¨=K«∞Û. WOHÍ
#∞=ÙfiÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® u<åe. Z=Ô~·<å D P~°úÔ~·\ ˜ãπ, ã¨∂÷ÅHÍÜ«∞O g\˜ÉÏi#
Ñ¨_»‰õΩO_® =ÙO_®ÅO>Ë Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« #∞=ÙfiÅ#∞ ÉÏQÍ #q∞e
u#O_ç, #Å¡#∞=ÙfiÖˇ·`Õ =∞s=∞Ozk. `≥Å¡"≥·<å Ñ¨~åfiÖË^Œ∞. Zã≤_ç\ © L#fl"å~°∞
Éè’[<å#O`«~O° "å=Ú#∞ ÃÑ#OÃÑ· "Õ~ÚOz H˘kÌ #Å¡ LÑ¨C HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ"åe.
#∂_çÖòû QÆ∞iOz – u<Õ"å\˜ Jxfl\˜Ö’ ÔHÖÏ¡ K≥`«Î Ñ¨^•~°÷O #∂_çÖòû.
Wq "≥∞ÿ^•Ñ≤O_ç`À KÕ™êÎ~°∞. WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ ‰õΩà◊§Éˇ_»`å~°∞. ÑÖk=∂OãÖ`À
KÕã#≤ ~°™êxfl HõÅ∞Ñ¨Ù`å~°∞. Wq ÖË‰Ωõ O_® #∂_çÖòû `«Ü∂« ~°Ü∞Õ º J=HÍâ◊"∞Õ ÖË^∞Œ .
~ÀA"ås PÇ¨~°OÖ’ U LÑ¨C#∞ "å_®e, ÃãO· ^è=Œ Å=}O "å_®e nx<Õ
H˘O_» #∞O_ç =KÕÛ LÑ¨C JO\Ï~°∞.
QÀ=¸„`«O fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ ÉÏQÀHõáÈ~Ú<å
`«~åfi`« ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞Ok. J~ü¯ J~Ú`Õ XHõ ã¨∂Ê<£ KåÅ∞ ãïáÈ`«∞Ok.
~À[O`å x„^Œ=KÕÛ"å~°∞ ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞HÀO_ç.
H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ "Õ_ç„áêO`«O "å~°∞ PÇ¨~°OQÍ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. =∂b+π‰õΩ
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«=K«∞Û.
_»Ü«∂Éˇ\ ˜ãπ L#fl"å~°∞ "≥∞O`«∞Å∞ – „uÑ¶¨ÅK«∂~°‚O, XH˘¯Hõ¯ K≥OKå
~å„u "Õ_çh\˜Ö’ LOz, L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl h~°∞ „`åQÍe. Ö’Ñë ^•xfl ÉÏQÍ #q∞e
u<åe. WÖÏ 3 –4 <≥ÅÅ∞ KÕ¿ãÎ +¨µQÆ~ü `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. +¨µQÆ~ü =Ù#fl "å~°∞ K«ÔH¯~°
u#‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
^ä~·≥ å~Ú_£ =Ù#fl"å~°∞ – H˘uÎg∞~°∞#∞ Ug∞ "≥Ü∞« º‰õΩO_® K≥\ fl© KÕã≤ hà◊§Ö’
HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. ^èŒxÜ«∂Å∞ ‰õÄ_®, ^ä≥·~å~Ú_£ =Ù#fl "åiH˜ =∞Ozk.
H˜_flô Ö’¡ ~åà◊√§ L#fl"å~°∞ ã¨∞#flO Jã¨ûÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . H˘O_» Ñ≤O_®‰õΩ
HõëêÜ«∞O =∞Ozk. Ç¨ÏŸq∞Ü≥∂Ö’ nx`À =∞O^Œ∞ =ÙO@∞Ok. Jk‰õÄ_®
=∞Ozk. =¸„`«Ñ≤O_®Ö’¡ ~åà◊√§=Ù#fl"å~°∞ `«Ñ¨Ê JO^Œ~°∂ ã¨∞#flO hà◊§Ö’
"Õã¨∞‰õΩx `åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞.
ÑÖ\˜ <˘Ñ¨CÅ‰õΩ Å=OQÆO =∞Ozk. WOHÍ ã¨∞#flO =∞Ozk. ¿Ñãπì
=∂<ÕÜ«∞ºO_ç, Ñ¨ÙÅ¡Å`À QÍh, Ñ¨à◊§á⁄_ç`ÀQÍh Ñ¨à◊√§ `À=ÚHÀO_ç.
„Ñ¨â◊fl : =∞`«∞Î áêxÜ«∂Å∞, QÆ∞\Ï¯Å∞ =∂#_»O ZÖÏ?
["å|∞ : g\˜H˜ ãÖHõÅÊ|Å"Õ∞ B+¨^èŒO, ÖË‰õΩO>Ë QÀ=¸„`«O, J~ü¯HÍ^Œ∞,
â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# QÀ=¸„`«O =∞~˘Hõ =∞O^Œ∞, JÅ¡O ÖË^• âÁOi.î =ºã¨<åÅ∞
=∂xÊOKåÅO>Ë, JÅ¡O ~°ãÖ HÍh âÁOiî HõëêÜ«∞O KÕã≤ „`åÑ≤OK«O_ç. ÉˇÅ¡O
HõÅÑ¨=K«∞Û#∞. QÀ=¸„`«"≥∞ÿ`Õ J~°HõÑ¨C „Ñü~ÀE `åÑ≤OK«O_ç. 3 – 4 <≥ÅÖ’¡
=∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞ÎOk. D =∞^èŒº ã≤QÆÔ~@∞¡ `åˆQ"åiÖ’ ã¨ÅÊù~ü Z‰õΩ¯==Ù`«∞Ok.
ã¨ÅÊù~ü Z‰õΩ¯"≥·# "åiH˜ ã¨ÅÊùˆ~ HÍ"åe. PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒOÖ’ qëêxfl q+Ö`À<Õ
áÈQ˘\Ïìe Jx JO\Ï~°∞. HÍ|\˜ì ã¨ÅÊù~ü#∞ `«yæOKåÅO>Ë |Ü«∞@ #∞O_ç
ã¨ÅÊù~ü#∞ JOkOKåe. ã¨ÅÊù~ü Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õk QÀ=¸„`«OÖ’<Õ.
[Å∞|∞ – `«~∞° K«∂ [Å∞|∞ KÕã∞¨ OÎ >Ë "åiH˜ Hõáê¶ xfl áÈQ˘@ì\ÏxH˜ ÉˇÖÏ¡xfl
uxÑ≤OK«O_ç. Ô~O_»=k ã¨∞#flO ‰õÄ_® uxÑ≤OK«=K«∞Û, áêÅÖ’¡ Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù HõeÑ≤
W=fi=K«∞Û. P=Ù <≥~Úº‰õÄ_® HõÅÑ¨=K«∞Û#∞.
Ñ≤ÒÎ« ÃÑiy`Õ – ^Õâ"◊ åm P=Ù<≥~Úº "Õ_hç \˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Ñ≤`åÎxfl
x"åiOK«=K«∞Û.
`«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ÉÏQÍ =ã¨∂Î =Ú‰õΩ¯ #∞O_ç h~°∞HÍi`Õ ã¨∞#flO uxÑ≤OK«O_ç.
Ñ¨_»∞‰õΩ<ÕÑ¨C_»∞ P=Ù<≥~Úº =Ú‰õΩ¯Ö’ "≥Ü«∞ºO_ç. 10 ÖËHõ 15 ~ÀAÖ’¡
`«yæáÈ`«∞Ok.
„\ÏxûÖò‰õΩ Ñ¨ã¨∞Ñ¨Ù HõeÑ≤# áêÅ#∞ `åÑ≤OK«O_ç. Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ~å„uÑ¨Ó@
`åÑ≤OK«O_ç. \ÏxûÖòû~å=Ù. L^ŒÜ«∞OÑ¨Ó@ áêÅ∞`åQÍÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë Lã≤i`À
HõeÑ≤ „`åQÍe. ÖË‰õΩO>Ë „`åQÆ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
ÖÏ=Ù `«QÍæÅ#∞‰õΩO>Ë H∆Í~° Ñ¨^•~å÷Å#∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. =ÚYºOQÍ
HÍºÔ~\ò#∞ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. ÖËHõáÈ`Õ ™⁄~°HÍÜ«∞#∞ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. HÍºÔ~\ò#∞ ÉÏQÍ
`«∞~°=∞O_ç JÑ¨C_»∞ u#O_ç. =∞~˘Hõ H∆Í~°Ñ¨^•~°÷O Ü«∂Ñ≤Öò. nxfl‰õÄ_® `«∞iq∞
Ô~O_»∂ HõeÑ≤ ‰õÄ_® L^ŒÜ«∞O Hõ_»∞Ñ¨ÙxO_® u#O_ç. 3 <≥ÅÅ∞, x~å@OHõOQÍ
fã¨∞‰õΩx `«~åfi`« 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ nxfl ÉÏºÖˇ<£û K≥Ü«∞º\ÏxH˜ Lã≤ix =Ú~°ÉÏƒQÍ
QÍh HÍÜ«∞ÅQÍ QÍh fã¨∞HÀO_ç. =∞~°ÖÏ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ HÍºÔ~\ò { PÑ≤Öò `«∞~°∞=Ú
fã¨∞HÀO_ç. KåÖÏ=~°‰õΩ P~ÀQÆºOQÍ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞.
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ Ñ¨Hõ¯`«_»∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞O>Ë – Y~°∂˚~åxfl z#fl =ÚHõ¯Å∞KÕã≤ áêÅÖ’"Õã≤
ÉÏQÍ =∞~°QÆÉˇ\ ˜ì K«ÖÏ¡iÛ Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ `åÑÖ_ç.
=∞Å|^ŒúHÍxH˜ – ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ „uÑ¶¨ÖÏÅ∞ ÖË‰õΩO>Ë ~å„u áêÅÖ’<Õ~Úx
HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. WÖÏ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. K«∂_»O_ç PÜ«Úˆ~fi^•xH˜
ãÖ|OkèOz U^Œ~Ú<å x~å@OHõOQÍ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë `«~åfi`« YzÛ`«OQÍ
15 – 20 ~ÀAÅ∞ Páêe. P `«~åfi`« =∞m§ 3 <≥ÅÅ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ
„uÑ¶Å¨ 4 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ ^•\˜# `«~åfi`« W=fi=K«∞Û. DÖ’Ñ¨Ù W"åfiÅO>Ë
Lã≤i XHõ¯>Ë W=fi=K«∞Û#∞.
x*ÏxH˜ 14 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =~°‰õΩ Lã≤i =∂„`«"Õ∞ ãïáÈ`«∞Ok.
ÃÑ^ŒÌ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û "åiH˜ "≥∂ HÍà◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ áÈ"åÅO>Ë ã¨∞#flO fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë
ãïáÈ`«∞Ok. WOHÍ Éè∞í *ÏÅ<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ "≥∂KÕu <˘Ñ¨CÅ‰õΩ h\˜x z#flQÍ QÆ∞@Hõ
QÆ∞@Hõ `åQÆ@O JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë KåÅ∞.
x„^ŒÑ¨@ìHõáÈ`Õ <≥~Úº K«∞Hõ¯Å∞ =Ú‰õΩ¯Ö’ "Õ¿ãÎ ÉÏQÍ x„^ŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
„Ñ¶≤*ò Ñïã≤÷u UO\˜ – Jã¨ûÅ∞ "å_»=^Œ∞Ì. HÍ^Œ∞ `«Ñ¨Êxãï JO>Ë
„Ñ¶≤*òÖ’ #∞Oz fã≤# =ã¨∞Î=Ù#∞ 45 xq∞ëêÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙOz JÑ¨C_»∞
fã¨∞HÀO_ç. WHõ „Ñ¶*≤ òÖ’ #∞Oz fã≤# U =ã¨∞=Î Ó áêÅ`À ã¨Ç¨ =∞m§ á⁄~Úºg∞^Œ
"Õ_çKÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
„_≥„· Ñ¶Ó¨ \òû ZÖÏ fã¨∞HÀ"åe – g∞‰õΩ r_çÑÑ¨ C¨ HõO>Ë ÉÏ^ŒO Ñ¨ÑC¨ =∞Ozk.
J„‰õÄ\òx K«e„Ñ¨^Õâ◊O "åiH˜ =∞Ozk. "Õ_ç „Ñ¨^Õâ◊O "åiH˜ =^Œ∞Ì, ZO_»∞
„^•H∆Í H˜ãπq∞ãπ Wk "Õ_ç „Ñ¨^Õâ◊O "åiH˜ =∞Ozk. ™ê~°Ñ¨Ñ¨C =∞Ozk, Ñ≤™êÎ,
JOE~ü =∞Ozk. P„Ñ¶≤HÍ\ò ‰õÄ_® g∞‰õΩ =∞Ozk.
=∞Ozh~°∞ – W`«Î_ç, HõOK«∞, ã‘ìÅ∞ áê„`«Ö’ LOz#q ZÑ¨C_»∂
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞. ~åyáê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ¨CÅ∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩxQÍh K«Hõ¯ ‰õΩsÛÖ’
‰õÄ~°∞ÛxQÍh „`åQÍe. ˆH<£"å@~üÖ’ c¡zOQ∑ "å_»`å~°∞ Hõ#∞Hõ ˆH<£"å@~ü
"å_»=^Œ∞Ì.
„ã‘ÅÎ ‰õΩ "≥\· ò c¡_Oç Q∑ J=Ù`«∞O>Ë PÜ«Ú~ˆ fi^ŒOÖ’ â◊`å=i Jx =ÙO@∞Ok.
D K«∂~°‚O áêÅÖ’"Õã≤ =∞iyOz `åQÆ=Öˇ#∞. "≥∞#ûãπ Ñ≤s_£ (<≥Åãï)
=zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =KÕÛ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ "Õ_"ç _Õ ç hà◊§Ö’ <≥~Úºx HõeÑ≤ „`åQÍe. <≥Åãï
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#flxfl ~ÀAÅ∂ ~ÀA‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û#∞. Jxfl
ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ `«yæáÈ`å~Ú.
r_çÑ¨Ñ¨C `«Ñ¨Ê U „_≥·„Ñ¶¨Ó\ò ‰õÄ_® |~°∞=Ù#∞ ÃÑOK«=Ù.
ã¨∞#flO uO>Ë <åÅ∞Hõ Ñ¨QÆ∞Å∞`«∞O>Ë hà◊§Ö’ HõeÑ≤ ÖË^• ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`À
HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞HÀO_ç. `«=∞Åáê‰õΩÖ’ ‰õÄ_® ã¨∞#flO HõeÑ≤ u#=K«∞Û.
Ç¨Ïió FO
`«`üã¨`ü

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P~ÀQÆº ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º=ÚÅ∞

=Ú„^Œ} : 2013 E<£

„Ñ¨`«∞Å‰õΩ : J#O`«‰õΩ=∂~ü, D.F.T.

: P~ÀQÆº"Õ∞=∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÆº=Ú („Ñ¨Hõ$u r=# q^è•#=Ú)

KèåÜ«∂z„`«=ÚÅ∞ : `˘=∞‡O„_»∞ ã¨`«º<åﬂ~åÜ«∞}

Ñ¨i}u K≥O^Œ@O JO>Ë ã¨`åºxﬂ ZÑ¨Ê\˜H© ã¨`«ºOQÍ

PK«~°} Hõ=K«=Ú =O\˜k

h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#O

"å`«, Ñ≤`«Î, HõÑ¶¨ ã¨O|O^èŒ ~ÀQÍÅ∞

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