ORTHO Revision

Upper Limb Topics

Non-traumatic 1. Gustilo classification
1. Ganglion 2. spinal shock classification
2. Trigger finger 3. Skin traction
3. Carpal tunnel 4. Skeletal traction
4. Tennis elbow 5. Osteomyelitis
5. Golfer’s elbow 6. Septic arthritis
6. Frozen shoulder 7. Osteoarthritis
7. Bursitis 8. Tennis elbow/ golfer’s elbow
8. Rotator cuff 9. # shaft of femur
10. compartment syndrome
Traumatic 11. Garden’s classification
1. Colles # 12. Salter-Harris classification
2. Smith’s # 13. Carpal tunnel syndrome
3. Monteggia # 14. Plantar fasciitis
4. Galeazzi #
5. Supracondylar # 1-minute talk
6. Humerus shaft # - Definition
7. Shoulder dislocation - Classification
8. Clavicle # - Cause
9. Neck of humerus # - Clinical features
- Investigation
Lower Limb - Lab
Non traumatic - Radiology
1. Plantar fasciitis - Treatment
2. CTEV - Conservative
3. OA (knee) - Surgical
4. Bursitis - Complication
5. DDH, Perthes - Immediate
6. Osteomalacia - Delayed
7. Diabetic Foot Ulcer -
8. Chondromalacia
9.

Traumatic
1. Neck of femur #
2. mid shaft femur #
3. hip dislocation
4. Knee – ACL/PCL/MCL/LCL
5. Tibia/fibula #/ open
6. Supracondyle Femur #
7. Ankle # (malleolus)
8.
Ganglion - Relieved by: hanging arm or shaking
- Cystic degeneration in the joint arm // change position
capsule or tendon sheath. [PE]
- Contains glairy fluid. - Tinel’s sign
[CF] - Phalen’s test
- Young adult - Wasting of the thenar muscles (late)
- Painless lump (MC @ back of wrist) - Reduced sensation over median n.
- Slight ache +/- distribution (late)
[PE] [Ix]
- well define, cystic, non-tender - Nerve conduction test
- may be attached to tendon [Tx]
[Tx] - Splint
- may resolve spontaneously - Steroid injection
- // aspiration - Surgery (decompress)
- // excision

Trigger finger
- MC ring // middle finger // thumb
[Cause]
- Thickening of fibrous tendon sheath,
flexor tendon gets stuck
- OR tenosynovitis
[CF]
- Finger gets stuck in flexion. Suddenly
snaps to full extension with effort.
[Tx]
- Improve spontaneously
- Corticosteroid in injection
- Surgery

Infantile trigger thumb (‘snapping thumb’)

- d/t nodules on the tendon

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

- Median nerve entrapment
[RF]
- Women >
- RA
- Pregnancy
- Menopause
- Myxedema
- Age 40-50 y/o
[CF]
- Pain & paraesthesia
- Wakes up at night with burning pain,
tingling, numbness