BALANCES DE ENERGÍA COEFICIENTES DE DESEMPEÑO PROPIEDADES DE SUSTANCIAS PURAS TRANSFORMACIONES

(𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜) ∆𝑈 = 𝑊 − 𝑄 𝑄𝐿 1 ℎ = ℎ𝑙 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔 (ℎ̂, 𝑢̂, 𝑠̂ ) 𝑅 = °𝐹 + 460

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 = =
(𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜) ∆𝐻 = 𝑊 − 𝑄 𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑂 (𝑄𝐻 /𝑄𝐿 ) − 1 𝑚𝑣 °𝐹 = 1,8°𝐶 + 32
INTERENFRIAMIENTO 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 =
𝑄𝐻
=
1 𝑥=𝑚 1𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 5,40395 psia. ft^3.
𝑣 +𝑚𝑙
𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑂 1 − (𝑄𝐿 /𝑄𝐻 )
Px=(P1*P2)1/2 1𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 1.01325 kJ
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 = 1 + 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅
1hp=2545 BTU/h
Ru=8.314kJ/kmol K
PRIMERA LEY EXERGIA
𝑉2 𝑃1
Ru=1.986Btu/lbmol R
T=cte; 𝑊 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 ( ) = 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛 ( ) 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝑃(∆𝑉)
𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑊𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙 = 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑑
1atm= 14.696 psi
V=cte: 𝑊 = 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 0 → 𝑄 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝐶𝑣 ∗ ∆𝑇 𝐼 = 𝑇0 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑣(𝑠𝑎𝑙) − 𝑊𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙(𝑠𝑎𝑙)
Carnot
P=cte: ∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑃𝑑𝑉 → 𝑄 = ∆𝐻 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝐶𝑣 ∗ ∆𝑇 𝐼 = 𝑊𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙 (𝑒𝑛𝑡) − 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑣(𝑒𝑛𝑡) 𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑂 𝑇𝐿
𝛼−1 𝑊𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿,𝑈𝑇𝐼𝐿 = (𝑈 − 𝑈0 ) + 𝑃0 (𝑉 − 𝑉0 ) − 𝑇0 (𝑆 − 𝑆0 ) 𝜂 𝑇𝐻 = =1−
𝑇 𝑉 (𝛼−1) 𝑇𝑓 𝑃𝑓 𝛼 𝑄𝐻 𝑇𝐻
𝑄 = 0 (adiabático) ( 𝑇𝐹 ) = (𝑉𝐼 ) ; ( )=( ) 𝜑𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑃0 (∆𝑉) − 𝑇0 (∆𝑆) + 𝑚𝐸𝐾 + 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑂 = 𝑄𝐻 − 𝑄𝐿
𝐼 𝐹 𝑇𝑖 𝑃𝑖
∝ 𝜑𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜 = ∆𝐻 − 𝑇0 (∆𝑆) + 𝑚𝐸𝑘 + 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑇𝐿 𝑄𝐿
𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑖
( )=( ) 𝑇𝑜 =
𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑓 𝑋̇𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = (1 − ) ∗ 𝑄̇ 𝑇𝐻 𝑄𝐻
𝑇
𝑅(𝑇2 −𝑇1 ) 𝑃1 𝑉1 −𝑃2 𝑉2 TRABAJO ELÉCTRICO
Politrópico 𝑊 = = 𝑋̇𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 = 𝑊𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙
̇
∝−1 ∝−1 V*A*s=J
̇
𝑋sin 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 𝑇𝑜 ∆𝑆
̇
𝑋𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 = 𝑇𝑜 (𝑆2 − 𝑆1 + 𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 )
EFICIENCIAS ISOENTROPICAS
𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ENTROPÍA Mezclas GAS-VAPOR
𝑛𝑙𝑙(𝑇𝑈𝑅𝐵𝐼𝑁𝐴) =
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝜕𝑄 𝑃 = 𝑃𝑎 + 𝑃𝑣 ℎ𝑣 (𝑇) = ℎ𝑔 (𝑇)
∆𝑆 = ∫ 𝑇 ∆𝑆 + ∆𝑆𝑔𝑒𝑛 = ∆𝑆𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑚 𝑃 𝑚 𝑝
𝑛𝑙𝑙(𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝑅) = (cerrado) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑇𝑑𝑠 − 𝑃𝑑𝑣 𝜙 = 𝑚 𝑣 = 𝑃𝑣 𝜔 = 𝑚 𝑣 = 0.622 𝑝𝑣
𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 (abierto) 𝑑ℎ = 𝑇𝑑𝑠 + 𝑣𝑑𝑃
𝑔 𝑔 𝑎 𝑎
𝑛𝑡é𝑟 𝜔𝑃
𝑛𝑙𝑙 = Líquidos, sólidos
𝑛𝑡é𝑟,𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑇2
𝜙=
∆𝑆(𝑠,𝑙) = 𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 ln (0.622 + 𝜔)𝑃𝑔
𝑋𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑋𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑇1
𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑃𝑣 ) 𝑃𝑔 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 (𝑇)
𝑛𝑙𝑙 = =1− Gases ideales (Cp=cte)
𝑋𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑋𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑇 𝑉
ℎ𝑎 = 𝐶𝑝 𝑇 ∆ℎ𝑎 = 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇
(cerrado) ∆𝑆(𝑔) = 𝐶𝑣 ln 2 + 𝑅 𝑙𝑛 2
𝐼𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑇1 𝑉1

(abierto) ∆𝑆(𝑔) = 𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑛

𝑇2
− 𝑅𝑙𝑛
𝑃2 ℎ = ℎ𝑎 + ℎ𝑣 ℎ = 𝐶𝑝 𝑇 + 𝜔ℎ𝑔
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑟 = 𝑊𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑇1 𝑃1
Gases ideales (Cp=variable) 𝜙𝑃𝑔2
Mezclas y Soluciones 𝑃2 𝜔2 = 0.622
𝑛 𝑚 ∆𝑆 = 𝑆2 0 − 𝑆1 0 − 𝑅 𝑙𝑛 𝑃 − 𝜙𝑃𝑔2
𝑦𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑓𝑚𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑃1
𝐶𝑝 2 − 𝑇1 ) + 𝜔2 ℎ𝑓𝑔2
(𝑇
𝑛𝑇 𝑚𝑇 𝑃2
𝑚 Σ𝑛𝑖 𝑀𝑖 𝑆2 0 = 𝑆1 0 − 𝑅 𝑙𝑛 𝜔1 =
𝑀= = = Σ𝑦𝑖 𝑀𝑖 𝑃1 ℎ𝑔1 − ℎ𝑓2
𝑛 𝑛𝑇 𝑃2 𝑃𝑟2
( )
𝑃1 𝑆=𝐶𝑇𝐸
=(
𝑃𝑟1
) 𝜔1 = 𝜔2 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛 𝑉
Amagat: 𝑉𝑚 = ΣV𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑛 𝑖 = 𝑉 𝑖 𝑉2 𝑉𝑟2 𝑘𝐽
𝑛
𝑇
𝑃
𝑇 ( ) =( ) ℎ𝑔 (𝑇) = 2500.9 + 1.82𝑇 ( ) 𝑇(𝐶)
𝑉1 𝑆=𝐶𝑇𝐸 𝑉𝑟1 𝑘𝑔
Dalton: 𝑃𝑚 = ΣP𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑛 𝑖 = 𝑃 𝑖
𝑇 𝑇 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐻 = ΣH𝑖 = Σm𝑖 ℎ𝑖 ℎ = Σ fm𝑖 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑔 (𝑇) = 1060.9 + 0.435𝑇 ( ) 𝑇(𝐹)
̅ ̅
ℎ = Σ y𝑖 ℎ𝑖 ∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 = Σ fm𝑖 (𝐶𝑝 𝑖 ∆𝑇) 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇1 − 𝑛(𝑇1 − 𝑇2𝑖 )
𝐶𝑝 = Σ fm𝑖 𝐶𝑝 𝑖
Mezcla Adiabático
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑍𝑁𝑅𝑢 𝑇 𝑍𝑚 = Σ𝑦𝑖 𝑍𝑖
𝑚𝑎1 𝜔2 − 𝜔3 ℎ2 − ℎ3
KAY: 𝑃′𝐶𝑅,𝑚 = Σ𝑦𝑖 𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖 𝑇′𝐶𝑅,𝑚 = Σ𝑦𝑖 𝑇𝑐𝑟𝑖 = =
𝑚𝑎2 𝜔3 − 𝜔1 ℎ3 − ℎ1
Torre de Enfriamiento Conceptos Básicos Calentamiento y humidificación
𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑒 1 − 2; 𝐴𝑔𝑢𝑎 3 − 4 𝑅𝑢
𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝐴𝑣 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑅𝑇 𝑅= 𝑚𝑎 𝜔2 + 𝑚𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎 𝜔3
𝑀
B. aire seco 𝑚𝑎1 = 𝑚𝑎2 = 𝑚𝑎 𝐶𝑝
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑢 𝑇 𝑘= Para gases Reales
𝐶𝑣
B. masa H2O ̅̅̅
ℎ2 − ℎ1 = (ℎ2 − ̅̅̅
̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ℎ1 )𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑅𝑢 𝑇𝑐𝑟 (𝑍ℎ2 − 𝑍ℎ1 )
𝑑ℎ = 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑅𝑑𝑇 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑣 + 𝑅
𝑚3 − 𝑚4 = 𝑚𝑎 (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 ) = 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑘 𝑅 ̅̅̅2 − ℎ̅̅̅1 ) − 𝑅𝑢 (𝑍2 𝑇2 − 𝑍1 𝑇1 )
𝐶𝑝 = 𝑅 𝐶𝑣 = 𝑢2 − 𝑢
̅̅̅ ̅̅̅1 = (ℎ
B. energía 𝑘−1 𝑘−1
ℎ̅ = 𝑢̅ + 𝑃𝑉̅ = 𝑢̅ + 𝑍𝑅𝑢 𝑇
𝑚3 (ℎ3 − ℎ4 ) 𝑠̅2 − 𝑠̅1 = (𝑠̅2 − 𝑠̅1 )𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 − 𝑅𝑢 (𝑍𝑠2 − 𝑍𝑠1 )
𝑚𝑎 =
(ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) − (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 )ℎ4