mÙkj

vè;k; 1
cgqfodYih; iz'u
1. (d) 2. (c)

3. (c) laosQrμ jklk;fudvfHkfØ;kvkas esa og inkFkZ tks vU; inkFkks± dks vkWDlho`Qr dj nsrk
gS] vkWDlhdkjd dgykrk gSA blh izdkj] tks inkFkZ jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa vU; inkFkks±
dks vipf;r dj nsrk gS] og vipk;d dgykrk gSA
4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b)

8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b)

12. (d)

13. (b) laoQs rμ ysM lYisQV vfoys; gksus osQ dkj.k Pb2+ vk;uksa esa fo;ksftr ugha gksrk gSA

14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (d)

18. (d)

y?kqmÙkjh; iz'u

19. (a) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯

mRizjs d ⎯
→ 2NH 3(g)
773 K
la;kstu vfHkfØ;k
(b) NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) ⎯→ CH3COONa(aq) + H 2O(l)
f}foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k@mnklhuhdj.k vfHkfØ;k
lknaz H2 SO 4
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
(c) C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) → CH3COOC 2H5(l) + H2O(l)
f}foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k@,LVjhdj.k vfHkfØ;k
(d) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + Å"ek + izdk'k
mip;u&vip;u (jsMkWDl) vfHkfØ;k@ngu vfHkfØ;k
20. (a) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) ⎯→ Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l) + Å"ek
foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k@mip;u&vip;u (jsMkWDl) vfHkfØ;k
 (b) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) ⎯→ Mg3N2(s)
la;kstu vfHkfØ;k
(c) 2KI(aq) +Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2KCl(aq) + I2(s)
foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k
(d) C2H 5OH(l) + 3O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + Å"ek
jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k@ngu vfHkfØ;k
21. (a) x ⎯→ (s)
y ⎯→ (aq)
(b) x ⎯→ 2 Ag
(c) x ⎯→ (aq)
y ⎯→ (g)
(d) x ⎯→ Å"ek
22. (b) rFkk (c) Å"ek{ksih gaS] D;ksafd bu ifjorZuksa esa Å"ek eqDr gksrh gSA
(a) rFkk (d) Å"ek'kks"kh gSa] D;ksafd bu ifjorZuksa esa Å"ek vo'kksf"kr gksrh gSA
23. (a) veksfu;k (NH3)

(b) ty (H 2O) pw¡fd F2, HF esa vipf;r gks jgk gSA

(c) dkcZu eksuksDlkbM (CO)
(d) gkbMªkt
s u
laosQrμvipk;d os inkFkZ gSa ftuesa vU; inkFkks± esa gkbMªkstu tksM+us vFkok muls
vkWDlhtu dks fudkyus dh {kerk gksrh gSA
24. (a) Pb3O4
(b) O2
(c) CuSO4
(d) V2O5
(e) H2O
(f) CuO
25. (a) Na2CO3 + HCl ⎯→ NaCl + NaHCO3
(b) NaHCO3 + HCl ⎯→ NaCl + H2O + CO2
(c) 2CuSO4 + 4KI ⎯→ Cu2I2 + 2K2SO 4 + I2

26. KCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) ⎯→ AgCl (s) + KNO3 (aq)

;g ,d f}foLFkkiu ,oa vo{ksi.k vfHkfØ;k gSA

27. 2FeSO4(s) ⎯⎯⎯
Å"ek → Fe2O 3(s) + SO 2(g) + SO3(g)

;g ,d Å"eh; vi?kVu (fo;kstu) vfHkfØ;k gSA

118 iz'u iznf'kZdkμfoKku

28. tqxuw esa ,d izkVs hu gksrk gS ftldk ,d ,atkbe dh mifLFkfr eas ok;o vkWDlhdj.k gksrk
gSA ;g ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k gS ftlesa n`'; izdk'k dk mRltZu gksrk gSA vr% tqxuw
jkr esa pedrs gSaA

29. vaxwj tc ikS/s ij yxs gksrs gSa] rks thfor gksrs gSaA vr% mudk izfrj{kd ra=k fd.ou dks
jksdrk gSA rksM+s gq, vaxwjksa esa jksxk.kq iui ldrs gSa rFkk vok;oh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa os
fdf.or gks ldrs gSaA ;g ,d jklk;fud ifjorZu gSA
30. (a), (c) rFkk (e) — HkkSfrd ifjorZu gSaA
(b) rFkk (d) jklk;fud ifjorZu gSaA
31. laosQrμ (a) flYoj /krq ruq HCl ls dksbZ fØ;k ugha djrh gSA
(b) tc ,syqehfu;e feyk;k tkrk gS rks vfHkfØ;k feJ.k dk rki c<+ tkrk gS D;ksafd
;g ,d vR;fèkd Å"ek{ksih vfHkfØ;k gSA
(c) lksfM;e /krq osQ lkFk vfHkfØ;k vR;ar foLiQksVd gS D;ksafd ;g ,d vR;fèkd
Å"ek{ksih vfHkfØ;k gSA
(d) tc ysM dh vfHkfØ;k gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy ls dh tkrh gS rks gkbMªkstu xSl osQ
cqycqys fudyrs gSaA
Pb + 2HCl → PbCl2 + H2

32. X = oSQfYl;e vkWDlkbM

CaO(s) + H2O(l) ⎯→ Ca(OH)2(aq)

33. (a) Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2HCl ⎯→ PbCl2 + 2CH3COOH; f}foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k

(b) 2Na + 2C2H 5OH ⎯→ 2C2H5ONa + H2; foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k
(c) Fe2O3 + 3CO ⎯→ 2Fe + 3CO2; jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k
(d) 2H2S + O2 ⎯→ 2S + 2H2O; jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k

34. lw;Z osQ izdk'k dh mifLFkfr esa mn~Hkklu ij flYoj DyksjkbM fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k
osQ vuqlkj vi?kfVr gks ldrk gSA
2AgCl ⎯→ 2Ag + Cl2
vr% bls xgjs jax dh cksryksa esa HkaMkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
35. (a) larqfyr] la;kstu vfHkfØ;k
(b) 2HgO (s) ⎯⎯⎯ Å"ek → 2Hg (l) + O2 (g); vi?kVu vfHkfØ;k

(c) 2Na (s) + S (s) ⎯⎯⎯⎯ → Na2S (s); la;kstu

lxayu ⎯ vfHkfØ;k
(d) TiCl4 (l) + 2Mg (s) ⎯→ Ti (s) + 2MgCl2 (s); foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k
(e) larqfyr_ la;kstu vfHkfØ;k
U V → 2H O (l) + O (g); vi?kVu
(f) 2H2O2 (l) ⎯⎯⎯⎯ vfHkfØ;k
2 2

mÙkj&vè;k; 1 119
 36. 2Mg + O2 ⎯→ 2MgO

3Mg + N2 ⎯→ Mg 3N2

(a) X dk jklk;fud lw=k MgO gS; rFkk Y dk Mg3N2 gS

(b) MgO + H2O ⎯→ Mg(OH)2
37. /krqvksa dh lfØ;rk Js.kh esa ¯td gkbMªkstu ls Åij gS tcfd dkWij gkbMªkstu ls uhps
gSA iQyr% ¯td ruq gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy ls gkbMªkstu dks foLFkkfir dj nsrk gS tcfd
dkWij ughaA
Zn + 2HCl ⎯→ ZnCl2 + H2
Cu + HCl ⎯→ dksbZ vfHkfØ;k ugha

38. (a) flYoj tSlh /krq,¡ tc pkjksa vksj dh oLrqvksa tSls ueh] vEy] xSl vkfn ls
vfHkfozQ;k djrh gS] rks la{kkfjr gks tkrh gSA bl ifj?kVuk dks la{kkj.k dgrs gSAa
(b) ok;q esa mifLFkr H 2S ls vfHkfozQ;k dj flYoj (Ag) ,d dkyk inkFkZ cukrk gSA
;g dkyk inkFkZ flYoj lYiQkbM (Ag 2S) dh iryh ijr osQ :i esa curk gSA

nh?kZmÙkjh; iz'u
39. (a) larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k
2Cu(NO3)2(s) ⎯⎯⎯
Å"ek → 2CuO (s) + O2(g) + 4NO2(g)
(b) fudyus okyh Hkwjs jax dh xSl X ukbVªkt
s u MkbvkWDlkbM (NO2) gSA
(c) ;g ,d vi?kVu vfHkfØ;k gSA
(d) ukbVªkstu MkbvkWDlkbM ty esa ?kqydj vEyh; foy;u cukrh gS D;ksafd ;g ,d
vèkkrq dk vkWDlkbM gS vr% blosQ foy;u dh pH 7 ls de gSA
40. vfHky{kf.kd ijh{k.k
(a) dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (CO2) xSl pwus osQ ikuh esa izokfgr fd, tkus ij mls nwf/;k
dj nsrh gSA ,slk oSQfYl;e dkcksZusV osQ cuus osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
pwus dk ikuh dkcZu oSQfYl;e
MkbvkWDlkbM dkcksuZ Vs
(b) lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM (SO2) xSl dks vEyh; iksVfS 'k;e ijeSx a usVa foy;u (tkequh jax)
esa ls izokfgr djus ij og mls jaxghu dj nsrh gS D;ksfa d SO2 ,d izcy vipk;d gSA
2KMnO4 + 2H2O + 5SO2 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO 4
iksVSf'k;e lYiQj iksVSf'k;e eaxS uht
ijeSxa usV MkbvkWDlkbM lYisQV lYisQV
(tkequh) (jaxghu) (jaxghu)

120 iz'u iznf'kZdkμfoKku

 vFkok
lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM xSl dks vEyh; MkbØksesV foy;u (ukjaxh jax) esa ls izokfgr
djus ij og mls gjs jax esa ifjo£rr dj nsrh gS D;ksafd lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM ,d
izcy vipk;d gSA
(c) ,d vfHkfØ;k osQ nkSjku vkWDlhtu (O2) xSl osQ fudyus dh iqf"V vfHkfØ;k
feJ.k ;qDr ij[kuyh osQ eq¡g ij ,d tyrh gqbZ eksecÙkh ys tkdj dh tk ldrh
gSA Tokyk dh rhozrk esa o`f¼ gksrh gS D;ksafd vkWDlhtu tyus esa lgk;d gSA
(d) tc ,d tyrh gqbZ eksecÙkh dks gkbMªkstu xSl osQ ikl ys tkrs gSa rks og ikWi èofu
osQ lkFk tyrh gSA
41. (a) dkWij ls vf/d lfØ;rk osQ dkj.k ¯td] dkWij lYisQV osQ foy;u ls dkWij dks
foLFkkfir dj nsrk gS rFkk ¯td lYisQV dk foy;u izkIr gksrk gSA
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
uhyk jaxghu
;g foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
(b) gkbMªkstu ls vf/d lfØ;rk osQ dkj.k ,syqehfu;e] ruq gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy ls
gkbMªkstu xSl dks eqDr djrk gSA
2Al(s) + 6HCl (aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
,syqfefu;e
DyksjkbM
(c) dkWij ls de fØ;k'khyrk osQ dkj.k flYoj] dkWij osQ foy;u ls dkWij dks
foLFkkfir ugha dj ldrh gS vr% dksbZ vfHkfØ;k ugha gksrh gSA
Ag (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → dksbZ vfHkfØ;k ugha

42. nkusnkj ¯td dh vfHkfØ;k,a

(a) ruq H2SO 4 osQ lkFk
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
(b) ruq HCl osQ lkFk
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(c) ruq HNO3 osQ lkFk
ruq HNO3 dh vfHkfØ;k vU; vEyksa dh rqyuk esa fHkUu gS D;ksafd ukbfVªd vEy
,d vkWDlhdkjd gSA ;g eqDr gksus okyh H 2 xSl dks H2O esa vkWDlho`Qr djrk gSA
4 Zn(s) + 10HNO3(aq) → 4 Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + 5 H2O(l) + N2O(g)
(d) NaCl foy;u osQ lkFk
Zn(s) + NaCl (aq) → dksbZ vfHkfØ;k ugha
(e) NaOH foy;u osQ lkFk
Zn(s) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2ZnO2 (aq) + H2 (g)
lksfM;e ¯tosQV

mÙkj&vè;k; 1 121
 43. (a) larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k
Na2SO 3 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO 3 (s) + 2 NaCl (aq)
lksfM;e csfj;e csfj;e lksfM;e
lYiQkbV DyksjkbM lYiQkbV DyksjkbM
(b) bl vfHkfØ;k dks f}foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k Hkh dgrs gSaA
(c) csfj;e lYiQkbV ,d nqcZy vEy (H2SO 3) dk yo.k gSA vr% ruq HCl csfj;e
lYiQkbV dks vi?kfVr dj nsrk gS rFkk lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM xSl mRiUu djrk gS
ftldh tyrs gq, xa/d dh xa/ gksrh gSA
BaSO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → BaCl 2 + H2O + SO2 (g)
'osr vo{ksi
BaCl2 ty esa foys; gS vr% 'osr vo{ksi foyqIr gks tkrk gSA

44. (A) tc foy;uksa dks dkWij osQ ik=k esa j[kk tkrk gSA
(a) ruq HCl
dkWij ruq HCl ls dksbZ fØ;k ugha djrk gSA vr% bls j[kk tk ldrk gSA
(b) ruq HNO3
ukbfVªd vEy ,d izcy vkWDlhdkjd gS rFkk dkWij ik=k ls vfHkfØ;k djrk gS
vr% bls ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA
(c) ZnCl2
¯td] dkWij (Cu) dh rqyuk esa vf/d lfØ; gS vr% dksbZ foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k
ugha gksrh gS vr% j[kk tk ldrk gSA
(d) H2O
dkWij ty ls dksbZ fØ;k ugha djrk gS vr% j[kk tk ldrk gSA
(B) tc foy;uksa dks ,syqfefu;e ik=k esa j[kk tkrk gS
(a) ruq HCl
,syfq efu;e ruq HCl ls vfHkfØ;k dj bldk yo.k cukrk gS rFkk gkbMªkstu xSl
fudyrh gS vr% ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA
2 Al + 6HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
(b) ruq HNO3
,syqfefu;e ruq HNO3 osQ lkFk vkWDlho`Qr gksdj Al2O3 dh ,d ijr cukrk gS
vr% j[kk tk ldrk gSA
(c) ZnCl2
¯td dh rqyuk esa vf/d lfØ; gksus osQ dkj.k ,syfq efu;e ¯td vk;uksa dks blosQ
foy;u ls foLFkkfir dj nsrk gS vr% foy;u ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA
2 Al + 3 ZnCl2 → 2 AlCl3 + 3Zn
(d) H2O
,syfq efu;e BaMs vFkok xje ty ls fØ;k ugha djrk gS vr% ty j[kk tk ldrk gSA
Hkki ls ,syfq efu;e vfHkfØ;k dj ,syfq efu;e vkWDlkbM rFkk gkbMªkt
s u xSl cukrk gSA
2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) → Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g)

122 iz'u iznf'kZdkμfoKku