Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[" ] [" ]
'
!+ +
= + )&)*
[( ] !+
[( ]
)
( %( & +
" $ [( ] = [( ] &
!+ +
= )
+
- −, % - +
− +
- , +/ +. − = - + +,
= +
)&)* [- ] − /
[- ]
) ,
0 +
.
" $ [- ] = [- ]&
−
,
+
= )
−
)&)* × /
.
−
- ,
1
-
!
" 2
3
4 % 4− & 5 $ 4 + −
= 4−
= )
+ )&)!
[4 ]
[4 ]
−
[4 ] = [4 ] &−
= + )&)!
[4 ]
)
" $ −
6 +
7 8 +
• 8
7 [ ]
[4 ] = 4 − = ) 8 )# 9
• 8
7
[4] = )
[4] = [4 − ]+ [4 ] = )
$ [4 − ] = [4 ] & [4 − ] = ) % !
' 2
3
− + −
( ! + =( +!
= )
+ )&)*
[( ]ω + !
:ω = [ −
]
; # <
[( ] =
+
)
! 4
( !
!
3
$= ) +2− 7 7 (
= )
2
− −
( ! + =( +
= )
+ )&)* = )
+ )&)* − )&)*
ω
( !
7 @ $ & $= = $ A$
3 +
• 0 5 $
• 0 7 @
• 8 7 @ 8
" 0 3
0 3
+ !+
( ( (
( ( !
) + 44 + 444
= −)&,,B ( + % (
)
)
= )&CCB ( !+ % ( +
−!/
( ! & = )
( & = )− .
8 ) =
! !
' 0$
4 D A = D
=
( ! +
!+ −
E ( ! =( +!
" =$ $ & ( [ !+
]ω !
= &
[( ]
!
!+
!
= &
" & ( [ !+
]= )
!
!
= & = − & = &!
& !
( !
(
+
D 3 = − & = *&.
0$
< &! +
3 ( &( +&( !+
• ( + %(
+ −
( + =(
= )
+ )&)! [( ]+ +
= )
!+ +
• ( %(
!+ − +
( + =(
= + )&)*
[( ] + !+
=
[( ]
) )
+
, !
( !
+
3 ( &( &( !
+
• ( %( & = 6 +
+
• ( ! %(
# -
− + −
( ! + =( +!
= + )&)*
[( ]ω
)
0 ! + !
[( ] =
!
+
"8 )& = )
! + )&)* !
4 7 )
!
)
! = )
− )&)* &
# -
= + )&)*
[( ] [( ] !+
!+
[( ]
)
+
6
" & ( [ +
] = [( ]ω )
!+ !
= &
[( !+
]= ω &
!
+
( !
> *&.
! +
3 ( &( &( ! 6
• ( %(
= )
+ )&)! ( [ +
]
0 ( [ +
]= ω
&
. !
( !1
( !
( 1
(
(
• ( ! %(
= + )&)*
[( ] [( ] =
!+
+
[ !+
]= ω
[( ]
) & &
& (
+
ω !
( !
!!
" 2
2 8
0 A D
=
− − +
C + = , + & &6 ?
= B4
2 F
0 A 3 = 77
+ −
7 8 +
+ −
0 ( + =(
! 2 $
+
2 = 77 8
=$
+ −
+ + =E D 7 7
)&)*
= )
+ = − )&)*
E
E $
0 & G #A# $ 7
* !
, =
2= 6 & +
. H
> 6 & 3 8
=
& 3 8 7 $ A
77 7& G #A# $=
* 2
2 = "%' $ 8 A =
)
$ & &
0 8
'
• " 3 +
• 3 = +
"
"
+E =E +
C !
' 0
( !
8 $ A +
( 44
+
• :4 ( & < &
−
( + 4 →4 +(
&
!+
> < &! & ( + 4− → 4 +( +
( )
• 7
A +
+
& 7 3& = & 7 (
( +
• 7
2= 6
+
- < & & 7 A = (
> > & & A = ( & 7 +
= 8 +
3
)
2 $ +
<
/ !
0
− −
4 ! %4 4 % 4− 4 !
−
4 ! + .4 − + * +
= !4 + !
)
=
[ ]! = ).,
[ ][ ]
0
− − . *
!
8 J 7 K
- 7 $ [ ]& [ −
! ]& [ ]
−
G=
[ ]! = *
[ ][ ] ) &$ +
− − .
!
#
" =
• %
− −
# + = +
# ( @
= )
+ )&)* ? )
% A = ,
) ω
= )
+ )&)* − )&)! )
− )&)*
8 8 8 $ )
= −)&)*
= −)&)! )
− )&)*
# 2 = )
+
• ! %
+ −
# ! + = +
# ( @
= )
+ )&)* & 7 )
=) )
= −)&)*
)
I !
%
• 5 $
+ −
+ + =
• ( @
= )
! + )&)! )
0 !) = & !B +
• 2
= )
= & ! − )&)*
! "
& !
• L
• 8 +
•
" &
> 7 & ∈
2 $= A =
# > ∈ & → $ 7
# > ∈ & = → $ 7 +
E $
& =
% $ = & $
% & = +
) !
' 8 7
• 0 3
+ +
)
•
+
% )
= )&. B
+ +
% )
= )& *B
+ = +
+ −
= )− /
= +
+ −
= )− I
• 8
A )# +2# +
2 +
+
• %
A =$ $ [ ]ω +
=
8 8
+
• %
" =$ & [ +
]ω = +
! 2 8 4 8 )
• <
+
2 %
= )
+ )&)* [ ] +
= )&. − )&)* = )&,*B
• >
%
+
4 6 & 7
@
= )
+ )&)* [ ]& +
8 [ ]=
+
ω
=
= )&. − )&)*
!
1
)&.
, 2 8 44 8 4
• <
+ +
% +
+ − +
5 $ + = &
= + )&)*
[ ]= +
= )& *B
[ ]
) )
0A & +
• < <.
+
%
+
- 6 &
= + )&)*
[ ] +
[ ]
)
+
- 8 [ ]=+
ω
=
= )& ) + )&)*
• > .& %
+
- 6 7 @
+
= + )&)*
[ ] +
[ ]
)
+
"8 [ ]= +
[ +
]= ω =
= )&C) − )&)*
!
1
. +
2 A ) = !&.
• < !&.
# 2 =
+ +
> < & $ → +
+ +
> < < !&. & + → + +
+
# 2 %
+ −
+ →
= )
! + )&)! [ +
] 8 )
! = )
+ )
= )&!,B
A = )&! B
8
! !