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LinkSwitch-TN Family
Lowest Component Count, Energy Efficient
Off-Line Switcher IC
Product Highlights
Cost Effective Linear/Cap Dropper Replacement
• Lowest cost and component count buck converter solution
• Fully integrated auto-restart for short-circuit and open
loop fault protection - saves external component costs FB BP
Much Higher Performance over Discrete Buck and OUTPUT CURRENT TABLE(1)
Passive Solutions
• Supports buck, buck-boost and flyback topologies 230 VAC ±15% 85-265 VAC
• System level thermal overload, output short-circuit and PRODUCT(4)
MDCM(2) CCM(3) MDCM(2) CCM(3)
open control loop protection
• Excellent line and load regulation even with typical LNK304P or G 120 mA 170 mA 120 mA 170 mA
configuration LNK305P or G 175 mA 280 mA 175 mA 280 mA
• High bandwidth provides fast turn-on with no overshoot
LNK306P or G 225 mA 360 mA 225 mA 360 mA
• Current limit operation rejects line ripple
• Universal input voltage range (85 VAC to 265 VAC) Table 1. Notes: 1. Typical output current in a non-isolated buck converter.
• Built-in current limit and hysteretic thermal protection Output power capability depends on respective output voltage. See Key
• Higher efficiency than passive solutions Applications Considerations Section for complete description of
• Higher power factor than capacitor-fed solutions assumptions, including fully discontinuous conduction mode (DCM)
• Entirely manufacturable in SMD operation. 2. Mostly discontinuous conduction mode. 3. Continuous
conduction mode. 4. Packages: P: DIP-8B, G: SMD-8B. Please see
ordering information.
EcoSmart® – Extremely Energy Efficient
• Consumes typically only 50/80 mW in self-powered buck
topology at 115/230 VAC input with no load (opto feedback) LinkSwitch-TN devices integrate a 700 V power MOSFET,
• Consumes typically only 7/12 mW in flyback topology oscillator, simple On/Off control scheme, a high voltage switched
with external bias at 115/230 VAC input with no load current source, frequency jittering, cycle-by-cycle current limit
• Meets Blue Angel, Energy Star, and EU requirements and thermal shutdown circuitry onto a monolithic IC. The start-
up and operating power are derived directly from the voltage on
Applications the DRAIN pin, eliminating the need for a bias supply and
• Appliances and timers associated circuitry in buck or flyback converters. The fully
• LED drivers and industrial controls integrated auto-restart circuit safely limits output power during
fault conditions such as short-circuit or open loop, reducing
Description component count and system-level load protection cost. A local
supply provided by the IC allows use of a non-safety graded
LinkSwitch-TN is specifically designed to replace all linear and optocoupler acting as a level shifter to further enhance line and
capacitor-fed (cap dropper) non-isolated power supplies in the load regulation performance in buck and buck-boost converters,
under 360 mA output current range at equal system cost while if required.
offering much higher performance and energy efficiency.
January 2004
BYPASS DRAIN
(BP) (D)
REGULATOR
5.8 V
FAULT
49 µA PRESENT
AUTO-
RESTART BYPASS PIN
COUNTER UNDER-VOLTAGE
+
CLOCK
5.8 V -
RESET 4.85 V
CURRENT LIMIT
6.3 V COMPARATOR
- VI
LIMIT
JITTER
CLOCK
DCMAX
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
OSCILLATOR
FEEDBACK
1.63 V -VTH
(FB)
S Q
R Q
LEADING
EDGE
BLANKING
SOURCE
(S)
PI-2367-112503
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LNK304-306
PI-3660-081303
beginning of each cycle, subsequent changes in the FB pin
voltage or current during the remainder of the cycle are ignored. 500 V
DRAIN
5.8 V Regulator and 6.3 V Shunt Voltage Clamp 400
The 5.8 V regulator charges the bypass capacitor connected to
the BYPASS pin to 5.8 V by drawing a current from the voltage 300
on the DRAIN, whenever the MOSFET is off. The BYPASS 200
pin is the internal supply voltage node for the LinkSwitch-TN.
When the MOSFET is on, the LinkSwitch-TN runs off of the 100
energy stored in the bypass capacitor. Extremely low power
consumption of the internal circuitry allows the LinkSwitch-TN 0
68 kHz
to operate continuously from the current drawn from the DRAIN
64 kHz
pin. A bypass capacitor value of 0.1 µF is sufficient for both
high frequency decoupling and energy storage.
0 20
In addition, there is a 6.3 V shunt regulator clamping the Time (µs)
BYPASS pin at 6.3 V when current is provided to the BYPASS Figure 4. Frequency Jitter.
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LNK304-306
R1
13.0 kΩ
1%
R3 C3
RF1 2.05 kΩ 10 µF
8.2 Ω L2 D2
C1 1% 35 V 1N4005GP
2W 1 mH FB BP
100 nF 12 V,
D S L1 120 mA
D3 1 mH
1N4007 LinkSwitch-TN C2
85-265 C4 C5 280 mA R4
VAC 4.7 µF 4.7 µF LNK304 D1 100 µF 3.3 kΩ
D4 400 V 400 V UF4005 16 V
1N4007
RTN
PI-3757-112103
Figure 5. Universal Input, 12 V, 120 mA Constant Voltage Power Supply Using LinkSwitch-TN.
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LNK304-306
LinkSwitch-TN
RF1 D1 L2
D FB
D2
R4
BP +
C1
AC C4 C5 S S C3 L1
INPUT R3
DC
OUTPUT
S S C2
D4 D1
Figure 6. Recommended Printed Circuit Layout for LinkSwitch-TN in a Buck Converter Configuration.
LinkSwitch-TN Selection and Selection Between For CCM an ultra-fast diode with reverse recovery time
MDCM and CCM Operation trr ≤35 ns should be used. A slower diode may cause excessive
leading edge current spikes, terminating the switching cycle
Select the LinkSwitch-TN device, freewheeling diode and output prematurely and preventing full power delivery.
inductor that gives the lowest overall cost. In general, MDCM
provides the lowest cost and highest efficiency converter. CCM Fast and slow diodes should never be used as the large reverse
designs require a larger inductor and ultra-fast (trr <35 ns) recovery currents can cause excessive power dissipation in the
freewheeling diode in all cases. It is lower cost to use a larger diode and/or exceed the maximum drain current specification
LinkSwitch-TN in MDCM than a smaller LinkSwitch-TN in of LinkSwitch-TN.
CCM because of the additional external component costs of a
CCM design. However, if the highest output current is required, Feedback Diode D2
CCM should be employed following the guidelines below. Diode D2 can be a low-cost slow diode such as the 1N400X
series, however it should be specified as a glass passivated type
Topology Options to guarantee a specified reverse recovery time. To a first order,
the forward drops of D1 and D2 should match.
LinkSwitch-TN can be used in all common topologies, with or
without an opto-coupler and reference to improve output voltage Inductor L1
tolerance and regulation. Table 2 provide a summary of these Choose any standard off-the-shelf inductor that meets the
configurations. For more information see the Application design requirements. A “drum” or “dog bone” “I” core inductor
Note – LinkSwitch-TN Design Guide. is recommended with a single ferrite element due to to its low
cost and very low audible noise properties. The typical
Component Selection inductance value and RMS current rating can be obtained from
the LinkSwitch-TN design spreadsheet available within the
Referring to Figure 5, the following considerations may be PI Expert design suite from Power Integrations. Choose L1
helpful in selecting components for a LinkSwitch-TN design. greater than or equal to the typical calculated inductance with
RMS current rating greater than or equal to calculated RMS
Freewheeling Diode D1 inductor current.
Diode D1 should be an ultra-fast type. For MDCM, reverse
recovery time trr ≤75 ns should be used at a temperature of Capacitor C2
70 °C or below. Slower diodes are not acceptable, as continuous The primary function of capacitor C2 is to smooth the inductor
mode operation will always occur during startup, causing high current. The actual output ripple voltage is a function of this
leading edge current spikes, terminating the switching cycle capacitor’s ESR. To a first order, the ESR of this capacitor
prematurely, and preventing the output from reaching regulation. should not exceed the rated ripple voltage divided by the typical
If the ambient temperature is above 70 °C then a diode with current limit of the chosen LinkSwitch-TN.
trr ≤35 ns should be used.
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LNK304-306
PI-3751-121003
Low-Side + +
Buck –
LinkSwitch-TN
Optocoupler
VIN VO
Feedback 1) Output referenced to input
2) Negative output (VO) with respect to +VIN
BP FB
3) Step down – VO < VIN
S D
PI-3753-111903 4) Optocoupler feedback
- Accuracy only limited by reference choice
Low-Side + - Low cost non-safety rated opto
IO
Buck – - No pre-load required
LinkSwitch-TN
Constant VF +
- Ideal for driving LEDs
VIN
Current LED
Driver
BP FB
S D
VF PI-3754-112103
R=
IO
High-Side
Buck Boost –
Direct FB BP
Feedback D S
1) Output referenced to input
+
LinkSwitch-TN 2) Negative output (VO) with respect to -VIN
VIN VO
+ 3) Step up/down – VO > VIN or VO < VIN
PI-3755-121003
4) Low cost direct feedback (±10% typ.)
5) Fail-safe – output is not subjected to input
High-Side 2V voltage if the internal MOSFET fails
300 Ω RSENSE =
Buck Boost – 2 kΩ
IO 6) Ideal for driving LEDs - better accuracy and
FB BP RSENSE
Constant IO temperature stability than Low-side Buck
+ D S
Current LED LinkSwitch-TN constant current LED driver
Driver VIN 10 µF 100 nF
50 V
PI-3779-120803
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LNK304-306
Low-Side +
1) Output referenced to input
Buck Boost – 2) Positive output (VO) with respect to +VIN
Optocoupler LinkSwitch-TN 3) Step up/down – VO > VIN or VO < VIN
Feedback VIN VO 4) Optocoupler feedback
- Accuracy only limited by reference choice
BP FB + - Low cost non-safety rated opto
S D
PI-3756-111903
- No pre-load required
5) Fail-safe – output is not subjected to input
voltage if the internal MOSFET fails
6) Minimum no-load consumption
Feedback Resistors R1 and R3 The loop formed between the LinkSwitch-TN, inductor (L1),
The values of the resistors in the resistor divider formed by R1 freewheeling diode (D1), and output capacitor (C2) should be
and R3 are selected to maintain 1.65 V at the FB pin. It is kept as small as possible. The BYPASS pin capacitor C1
recommended that R3 be chosen as a standard 1% resistor of (Figure 6) should be located physically close to the
2 kΩ. This ensures good noise immunity by biasing the SOURCE (S) and BYPASS (BP) pins. To minimize direct
feedback network with a current of approximately 0.8 mA. coupling from switching nodes, the LinkSwitch-TN should be
placed away from AC input lines. It may be advantageous to
Feedback Capacitor C3 place capacitors C4 and C5 in-between LinkSwitch-TN and the
Capacitor C3 can be a low cost general purpose capacitor. It AC input. The second rectifier diode D4 is optional, but may be
provides a “sample and hold” function, charging to the output included for better EMI performance and higher line surge
voltage during the off time of LinkSwitch-TN. Its value should withstand capability.
be 10 µF to 22 µF; smaller values cause poorer regulation at
light load conditions. Quick Design Checklist
Pre-load Resistor R4 As with any power supply design, all LinkSwitch-TN designs
In high-side, direct feedback designs where the minimum load should be verified for proper functionality on the bench. The
is <3 mA, a pre-load resistor is required to maintain output following minimum tests are recommended:
regulation. This ensures sufficient inductor energy to pull the
inductor side of the feedback capacitor C3 to input return via 1) Adequate DC rail voltage - check that the minimum DC
D2. The value of R4 should be selected to give a minimum input voltage does not fall below 70 VDC at maximum load,
output load of 3 mA. minimum input voltage.
2) Correct Diode Selection – UF400x series diodes are
In designs with an optocoupler the Zener or reference bias recommended only for designs that operate in MDCM at an
current provides a 1 mA to 2 mA minimum load, preventing ambient of 70 °C or below. For designs operating in
“pulse bunching” and increased output ripple at zero load. continuous conduction mode (CCM) and/or higher ambients,
then a diode with a reverse recovery time of 35 ns or better,
LinkSwitch-TN Layout Considerations such as the BYV26C, is recommended.
3) Maximum drain current - verify that the peak drain current
In the buck or buck-boost converter configuration, since the is below the data sheet peak drain specification under worst-
SOURCE pins in LinkSwitch-TN are switching nodes, the case conditions of highest line voltage, maximum overload
copper area connected to SOURCE should be minimized to (just prior to auto-restart) and highest ambient temperature.
minimize EMI within the thermal constraints of the design. 4) Thermal check – at maximum output power, minimum input
voltage and maximum ambient temperature, verify that the
In the boost configuration, since the SOURCE pins are tied to LinkSwitch-TN SOURCE pin temperature is 100 °C or
DC return, the copper area connected to SOURCE can be below. This figure ensures adequate margin due to variations
maximized to improve heatsinking. in RDS(ON) from part to part. A battery powered thermocouple
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LNK304-306
meter is recommended to make measurements when the In a LinkSwitch-TN design using a buck or buck boost converter
SOURCE pins are a switching node. Alternatively, the topology, the SOURCE pin is a switching node. Oscilloscope
ambient temperature may be raised to indicate margin to measurements should therefore be made with probe grounded
thermal shutdown. to a DC voltage, such as primary return or DC input rail, and not
to the SOURCE pins. The power supply input must always be
supplied from an isolated source (e.g. via an isolation
transformer).
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LNK304-306
THERMAL IMPEDANCE
Thermal Impedance: P/G Package: Notes:
(θJA) ........ 70 °C/W(2); 60 °C/W(3) 1. Measured on pin 2 (SOURCE) close to plastic interface.
(θJC)(1) .......................... 11 °C/W 2. Soldered to 0.36 sq. inch (232 mm2), 2oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
3. Soldered to 1 sq. inch (645 mm2), 2oz. (610 g/m2) copper clad.
Conditions
SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C
Parameter Symbol See Figure 7 Min Typ Max Units
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Output Average 62 66 70
fOSC TJ = 25 °C kHz
Frequency Peak-Peak Jitter 4
Maximum DCMAX S2 Open 66 69 72 %
Duty Cycle
FEEDBACK Pin IFB
Turnoff Threshold TJ = 25 °C 30 49 68 µA
Current
FEEDBACK Pin VFB 1.54 1.65 1.76 V
IFB = 49 µA
Voltage
VFB ≥2 V
IS1 (MOSFET Not Switching) 160 220 µA
See Note A
DRAIN
Supply Current LNK304 200 260
FEEDBACK Open
IS2 (MOSFET Switching) LNK305 220 280 µA
See Notes A, B LNK306 250 310
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LNK304-306
Conditions
Parameter Symbol SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C Min Typ Max Units
See Figure 7
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
CIRCUIT PROTECTION
di/dt = 65 mA/µs
240 257 275
TJ = 25 °C
LNK304
di/dt = 415 mA/µs
271 308 345
TJ = 25 °C
di/dt = 75 mA/µs
ILIMIT 350 375 401
TJ = 25 °C
Current Limit (See LNK305 mA
Note E) di/dt = 500 mA/µs
396 450 504
TJ = 25 °C
di/dt = 95 mA/µs
450 482 515
TJ = 25 °C
LNK306
di/dt = 610 mA/µs
508 578 647
TJ = 25 °C
LNK304 280 360 475
Minimum On Time tON(MIN) LNK305 360 460 610 ns
LNK306 400 500 675
Leading Edge tLEB TJ = 25 °C
ns
Blanking Time 170 215
See Note F
Thermal Shutdown TSD °C
135 142 150
Temperature
Thermal Shutdown TSHD °C
See Note G 75
Hysteresis
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LNK304-306
Conditions
Parameter Symbol SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C Min Typ Max Units
See Figure 7
(Unless Otherwise Specified)
OUTPUT
LNK304 TJ = 25 °C 24 27.6
ID = 25 mA TJ = 100 °C 38 44.2
On-State LNK305 TJ = 25 °C 12 13.8
RDS(ON) Ω
Resistance ID = 35 mA TJ = 100 °C 19 22.1
LNK306 TJ = 25 °C 7 8.1
ID = 45 mA TJ = 100 °C 11 12.9
VBP = 6.2 V, VFB ≥2 V, LNK304 50
OFF-State Drain IDSS
VDS = 560 V, LNK305 70 µA
Leakage Current
TJ = 125 °C LNK306 90
Breakdown VBP = 6.2 V, VFB ≥2 V
BVDSS 700 V
Voltage TJ = 25 °C
Rise Time tR 50 ns
Measured in a Typical Buck
Converter Application
Fall Time tF 50 ns
DRAIN Supply 50 V
Voltage
Output Enable tEN See Figure 9 10 µs
Delay
Output Disable tDST 0.5 µs
Setup Time
Auto-Restart tAR
TJ = 25 °C
ms
50
ON-Time See Note H
Auto-Restart DCAR %
6
Duty Cycle
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LNK304-306
NOTES:
A. Total current consumption is the sum of IS1 and IDSS when FEEDBACK pin voltage is ≥2 V (MOSFET not switching)
and the sum of IS2 and IDSS when FEEDBACK pin is shorted to SOURCE (MOSFET switching).
B Since the output MOSFET is switching, it is difficult to isolate the switching current from the supply current at the
DRAIN. An alternative is to measure the BYPASS pin current at 6 V.
C. See Typical Performance Characteristics section Figure 14 for BYPASS pin start-up charging waveform.
D. This current is only intended to supply an optional optocoupler connected between the BYPASS and FEEDBACK
pins and not any other external circuitry.
H. Auto-restart on time has the same temperature characteristics as the oscillator (inversely proportional to
frequency).
470 Ω
5W 2 MΩ
D FB
S1 S2
BP
50 V 150 V
S S 0.1 µF
S S
PI-3490-111903
DCMAX
t2 (internal signal)
t1 tP
HV 90% 90%
FB
DRAIN t
D= 1
VOLTAGE t2 tEN
VDRAIN
10%
0V 1
t =
P fOSC
PI-2048-033001 PI-3707-112503
Figure 8. LinkSwitch-TN Duty Cycle Measurement. Figure 9. LinkSwitch-TN Output Enable Timing.
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LNK304-306
1.1 1.2
PI-2680-012301
PI-2213-012301
1.0
(Normalized to 25 °C)
(Normalized to 25 °C)
Breakdown Voltage
Output Frequency
0.8
1.0 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.9 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Junction Temperature (°C) Junction Temperature (°C)
Figure 10. Breakdown vs. Temperature. Figure 11. Frequency vs. Temperature.
1.4 1.4
PI-3710-112103
PI-3709-111203
1.0 1.0
Current Limit
0.8 0.8
Normalized
Normalized di/dt
Normalized Current
0.6 di/dt = 1 0.6
di/dt = 1 Limit = 1
di/dt = 6
LNK304 65 mA/µs 257 mA
0.4 0.4 LNK305 75 mA/µs 375 mA
LNK306 95 mA/µs 482 mA
0.2 0.2
0 0
-50 0 50 100 150 1 2 3 4 5 6
Temperature (°C) Normalized di/dt
Figure 12. Current Limit vs. Temperature at Figure 13. Current Limit vs. di/dt.
Normalized di/dt.
7 400
PI-2240-012301
PI-3661-090303
6 350
BYPASS Pin Voltage (V)
25 °C
5 300
100 °C
4 250
3 200
2 150
Scaling Factors:
LNK304 1.0
1 100 LNK305 2.0
LNK306 3.4
0 50
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (ms) DRAIN Voltage (V)
Figure 14. BYPASS Pin Start-up Waveform. Figure 15. Output Characteristics.
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LNK304-306
1000
PI-3711-110303
Drain Capacitance (pF)
100
Scaling Factors:
LNK304 1.0
LNK305 2.0
LNK306 3.4
10
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Drain Voltage (V)
Figure 16. COSS vs. Drain Voltage.
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LNK304-306
DIP-8B
⊕ D S .004 (.10) Notes:
-E- 1. Package dimensions conform to JEDEC specification
MS-001-AB (Issue B 7/85) for standard dual-in-line (DIP)
package with .300 inch row spacing.
2. Controlling dimensions are inches. Millimeter sizes are
shown in parentheses.
3. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other
.240 (6.10)
protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.260 (6.60)
.006 (.15) on any side.
4. Pin locations start with Pin 1, and continue counter-clock-
wise to Pin 8 when viewed from the top. The notch and/or
dimple are aids in locating Pin 1. Pin 6 is omitted.
Pin 1 5. Minimum metal to metal spacing at the package body for
the omitted lead location is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
.367 (9.32) 6. Lead width measured at package body.
-D- 7. Lead spacing measured with the leads constrained to be
.387 (9.83)
.057 (1.45) perpendicular to plane T.
.068 (1.73)
(NOTE 6)
.125 (3.18) .015 (.38)
.145 (3.68) MINIMUM
-T-
SEATING .008 (.20)
PLANE .120 (3.05) .015 (.38)
.140 (3.56)
.300 (7.62) BSC
.100 (2.54) BSC .048 (1.22) (NOTE 7)
.014 (.36)
.053 (1.35) .300 (7.62) P08B
.022 (.56) ⊕ T E D S .010 (.25) M .390 (9.91) PI-2551-041003
SMD-8B
Notes:
⊕ D S .004 (.10) 1. Controlling dimensions are
inches. Millimeter sizes are
-E- shown in parentheses.
2. Dimensions shown do not
include mold flash or other
protrusions. Mold flash or
protrusions shall not exceed
.372 (9.45) .006 (.15) on any side.
.240 (6.10)
.388 (9.86) .420
.260 (6.60) 3. Pin locations start with Pin 1,
⊕ E S .010 (.25) and continue counter-clock
.046 .060 .060 .046 Pin 8 when viewed from the
top. Pin 6 is omitted.
4. Minimum metal to metal
.080 spacing at the package body
Pin 1 Pin 1
for the omitted lead location
.086 is .137 inch (3.48 mm).
.100 (2.54) (BSC)
.186 5. Lead width measured at
package body.
.286
.367 (9.32) 6. D and E are referenced
-D- Solder Pad Dimensions datums on the package
.387 (9.83)
body.
.057 (1.45)
.125 (3.18) .068 (1.73)
.145 (3.68) (NOTE 5)
.004 (.10)
.032 (.81) .048 (1.22)
.053 (1.35)
.009 (.23) .004 (.10) .036 (0.91) 0°- 8°
.037 (.94)
.012 (.30) .044 (1.12) G08B
PI-2546-080703
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LNK304-306
PATENT INFORMATION
Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not
assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein, nor does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others.
The products and applications illustrated herein (including circuits external to the products and transformer construction) may be covered by one or more U.S.
and foreign patents or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations’ patents
may be found at www.powerint.com.
POWER INTEGRATIONS' PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR
SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF POWER INTEGRATIONS. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when
properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
The PI logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch and EcoSmart are registered trademarks of Power Integrations.
PI Expert and DPA-Switch are trademarks of Power Integrations. ©Copyright 2004, Power Integrations
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