‘Monocytes move from the systemic circulatory system into general connective tissues, where they differentiate into what phagocytic cell type? Choose 1 answer: @ Macrophage ® treet © Neutropha ‘Which ofthe following cell types of the innate immune system does not pertorm phagocytosis? Choose 1 answer: @® _ Neutrophits Basophils © Macrophages © EosinophitsMyelogenous leukemias are caused by the cancerous production of innate (non-specific) immune system, cells in which tissue is such production most likely to occur? Choose 4 answer: @® sone marrow ® Toms © Spleen ®_Wmph nodes Humoral immunity isa type of adaptive immunity that results in the circulation of which of the following throughout the blood? Choose 1 answer: @® Artigens @)_ Macrophages © Naturtercot © AntibosiesRecognition of self vs. non-self by the adaptive immune system in humans is accomplished in which of the following ways? Choose 1 answer: ®)_ Exposure oF B cells to the body's own antigens in the thymus ©) _ Exposure of B cells to the body's own antigens in the bursa of Fabricius © Exposure of T cells to the body's ovn antigens in the bursa of Fabricius © Exposure of cls tothe body's own antigens nthe thymus ‘Which portion of an antibody provides antigen-binding sites? ‘Choose 1 answer: @®) Light chain © constant orton © Heavy chain © \Variable partion‘Which of the following is not one of the three main antigen-presenting cell types? Choose 4 answer: ® dendiccts B lymphocytes © Natura ter cals © Macrophages ‘Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) refers to a large group of genes that cade for proteins that play an ‘essential role in which of the following? Choose 1 answer: @®) Phagocytosis by macrophages Antigen presentation to T lymphocytes © Phagocytosis by neutrophils (© Antigen presentation to & lymphocytesCentral tolerance refers to which of the following processes? Choose 1 answer: Destruction of lymphocytes that are not specific for self-antigens Production of self-antigens that are specific for lymphocytes, Destruction of self-antigens that are specific for lymphocytes Destruction of lymphocytes that are specific for self-antigensWhat is @ pathogen? A B. A virus that causes a disease. Any organism or virus that causes a disease. ‘A disease caused by bacteria or viruses. Any organism transmitted from humans fo humans. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses? A B. Viruses do not have metabolic pathways forthe antibiotic to target Viruses have developed resistance to antibiotie. Viruses destroy T-lymphocytes before the antibiotic ean work. ‘Viruses mutate quickly when challenged by an antibiotic, How do skin and mucous membranes act as bartiers to infection? Skin Mucous membranes ‘Skin is tough and forms an effective | Mucous membranes are thick and physical barrier. clastic so pathogens are repelled. Phagocytes on the skin surface wrap | Mucus is moved out of the body pathogens, by the beating of hair-like cilia ‘Skin i tough and forms an effective | Pathogens are trapped by sticky physical barrier. sues Phagocytes on the skin surface trap | The acidity of mucus kills harmful pathogens, bacteria (Total t mark) (Total | mark) (Total t mark)‘Which of the following ivare necessary to produce monoclonal antibodies? 1. Tumour eells Plasma (B) cells IIL Macrophages A. Monly B, Tand Ulonly C. Hand tt only D.LMand Mt (Total mark) How do phagocytic leucocytes help to protet against disease? A. They secrete bacterial toxins by exocytosis. B, They ingest pathogens by endocytosis C. They produce antigens to destroy pathogens D. They produce antibodies to destroy pathogens. (Tota t mark Why are there many different types of lymphocyte in the body? A Each type can recognize one specific antibody and produces a specific antigen against it Each type can recognize one specific antigen and produces a specific antibody against it Each type ean recognize one antigen and engulf it by phagoeytosis, Each type ean recognize one antibody and engult it by phagocytosis, (Total 1 marky7. Which sequence of events correctly deseribes the destruction of pathogens in body tissues by phagocytic leucocytes? ‘A. Amoeboid motion -> endocytosis -» chemical recognition —> enzymatic digestion B. Chemical recognition -> amoeboid motion > enzymatic digestion ~> endocytosis C._Amoeboid motion — chemical recognition —+ enzymatic digestion — endocytosis D. Chemical recognition —> amoeboid motion —> endocytosis > enzymatic digestion (Total t mark) 8. (a) State the difference between an antigen and an antibod. ” o (6) Explain antibody production ° (©) State two other substances, apart from antibodies, transported by the blood. ay@) () Explain how the skin and mucous membranes prevent entry of pathogens into the body. Explain why antibiotics are used to treat bacterial but not viral diseases. @ @ (Total § marks)