Direct Causes

Unsafe Act: Violation from the commonly

accepted safe procedures of the work is called
Unsafe Act.
Examples
Operating without authority.
Bypassing safety devices.
Use of unsafe tools/tackles.
Taking unsafe procedures.
Working on moving machinery/equipment.
 Direct Causes
Unsafe condition: The conditions with
potential of causing injury to a person or
damage to equipment are called Unsafe
Conditions.
Examples
Unguarded machines.
Defective machine.
Improper illumination.
Poor house-keeping.
Lack of proper tools.
 Indirect Causes
Poor eye-sight.
Hard of hearing.
Over-age.
Illness
Intoxication
Arrogant
Absent Minded
Over Confident
 Fact About Electricity
• Electrical energy is the most commonly used
form of energy.

• Using electricity is very simple, but, little

does one know about how electricity really
works.

Such a situation is not good because

electricity is a good servant but a very bad
master.
 Electrical Safety
Effects of Shock on the body

• mA Affect on Person
• 0.5 - 3
Tingling sensations
• 3+ Shock
• 10+ Muscle contractions and pain
• 30+ Respiratory paralysis
• 60+ Heart Paralysis (may be fatal)
• 100+ Ventricular fibrillation
(usually fatal)
• 4+ Amps Heart Paralysis
• 5+ Amps Tissue and Organs start to burn
 The voltage level is less than 50 volts.

<50 volts – no
justification
required

>50 volts –
need
justification to
work energized

Must still take into account hazards from heat generation and
electrical arcs in an explosive environment.

NFPA 70E 130.1 (A)(1),(2),(3)

 Intensity of Electric Shock
Path of current Entrance
through the body
Amount of
current flowing
through the body
Length of time the
body is in the
circuit
Exit Ground
Human Body Resistance
 “Freeze”

• Electrical shock may cause the muscles to

contract
• This “freezing: effect” is dangerous
– Increases the length of exposure
• If you witness a “freeze”
– Shut off the power
– Use a non-conductive object to knock the
person free of the contact
 Shock Illustration
Current passage paths through the body

(A) Touch Potential (B) Step Potential (C and D) Touch / Step Potential

Current passing through the heart and lungs is the most serious
 Ventricular Fibrillation

• Factors are Current / Time & Physiological

Structure of body
• Can occur at 30mA (0.03 A)
• Causes heart to ‘flutter’
• Muscle cannot open / close properly
• Does not pump
• Lack of oxygen to brain - DEATH
Shock Burns
Gloves Selection Procedure

Voltage Rating
Size
Mechanical Protection
Arc Protection
 Field Inspection

Gloves Reject Criteria

Rejection of Gloves
– Cuts
– Punctures
– Ozone checking
– Embedded foreign materials
– Oil markings
– Gloves that leak air.
Insulated Foot Wear

Should be ISI / EN
Approved shoe.

No Physical
Damage.

Outsole should
resists up to 2 - 5 kv.
New Insulating Mat
Insulated Tools - Testing