Section 1 ~ Building Skills Question type 4 - Pronoun referent questions At least one question per reading passage will require you to state which word a pronoun refers to. This is a very easy question to answer- simply follow the following steps: Identify the role of the pronoun — is it the subjecvobject, Identify the number of the pronoun - singular’plural: Look for parallel structure is there « particular form repeated: Look for negative words or contrast words. Remember — pronouns can refer to entire ideas, not just single words. + Remember — sometimes pronouns refer 1o words which follow the pronouns (this is very common in sentences which include adverb slauses) Look at this exampl In constitutional monarchies, succession is often regulated by a parliament, while in absolute GHEY, the succession is a simple matter of birth What does the pronoun “ones” refer to? Solution: Iris the object of the preposition “in”: Itis plural: There is parallel structure — two preposition phrases are followed by simple clauses, There are no negative words or contrast words The pronoun “ones” therefore must refer to the only plural noun, “monarchies”Section 1 - Building Skills: Exercise 4.1 Jn the following sentences, underline the word that the pronoun in bold refers to, ‘The answers are on page 123. 1, Monarchs alniost always inherit their titles and keep them for life. 2. Most monarchs hold their offices for life, while some others do not. 3. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong in Malaysia could probably be seen as a “high king”, as he is selected from among nine Malay nulers. 4. Both kings and emperors are monarchs - there is no single rule to distinguish between them, . The uffive was ierediteny, bul originally « Germanic hing ead ty have the cuusent of the people before he could assume the throne. 6. Originally, kings were soldiers who managed to take power from others, and solidify it by handing it out to their sutenants, or barons. Exercise 4.2 Jn the following paragraphs, write which word the pronoun refers to, The answers are on page 123. Line 1 In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has power over every aspect of the state, and a constitution may be granted or withdrawn, Modern versions of it tend to survive only in societies in which technology allows the concentration and organization of power, but doesn’t allow education or rapid communication Line 5 among the majority of its populace to flourish. Its economic structure is one of concentrated wealth, with the majority of the population living as agricultural serfs. 1. “it” in line 3 2. “one” in line 3 -46 Copyrighted materialSection I ~ Building Skills 2. Line 1 Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII's third wife, was the youngest surviving child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. As was commen for princesses of the day, her parents almost immediately began looking for a political match for her. When she was three year old, she was betrothed to Line 5 Arthur, the son of Henry VII of England. Arthur — who would later change his name to Henry VIII - was not even quite two at the time, When she was almost 16, in L501, Catherine made the journey t England. They were married on |4 ‘November 1501 in Old St. Paul's Cathedral, London. 3. “her” in line 4 4. “she” in line 6 $8. “They in line 7 3. Line 1 The young Prince Henry, the second son of Henry VI and Elizabeth of ‘York, was bom on 28 June 1491 at Greenwich. He had a very spoilt childhood. ‘He was so spoiled that he even had his own ‘whipping boy’ who was punished every time Henry did something wrong! After his Line elder brother died, Henry became next in line to be King. His father died in 1509 and the 18 year ald Prince became King. Henry was vigorous and handsome. He ‘was an incredible athletw and loved jousting and hunting, He was very clever also, he was good at Latin, math, astronomy, cosmology and music, 6. “He” in line 2 1. 8 “he” in line 3. “who” in line 3 “47 Copyrighted material