UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. NIKOLA TESLA, OF SMILJAN LIKA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF RAHWAY, NEW JERSEY. DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,748, dated March 22, 1887. an To ult whom it may concern: Be itknown that I, Nrkova ‘Tesva, of Smi jan Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary, ‘have inveuted certain Improvements in Dy § namo-Electric Machines, of whieh the follow- ing is a specification. ‘fhe main objects of my invention are to in- crease the efficiency of the machine and to fa- cilitate and cheapen the covstrnetion of the same; and to this end my invention relates to the aagnetic frame and the armature, and to other features of coustrnetion, hereinafter more fally explained. ‘My invention is illustrated in the accompa- nying drawings, in which Figure 1 is x lougi- tudinal section, and Fig. 2a.crosssection,of the machine. Fig.3isa top view, and Fig. 4a side view, of the magacticframe. Fig. 5 isan end view of the commutator-bars, and Fig. 6 isa section of the shaft. aud commutator bars. Tig, 7 isa diagram illustrating the coils of the armatare and the connections to the commn- tator-plates, The corese ¢ co of the field- magnets may be tapering in both directions, as shown, for the purposes of concentrating the magnetism upon the riddle of the pole-pieces. ‘The connecting-frame F I of the field-mag- nets is in the form indicated in the side view, Tig. 4, the lower part being provided with the spreading curved cast legs ¢ ¢, so that the ma- chine will rest firmly upon two base-bars, 7 7. ‘Po the lower pole, S, of the field-magnet M is fastened, preferably by means of Babbitt or other fusible di: netic material, the base B, which is provi with bearings b for the armature-shaft H. The base B bas a projec- tion, P, whieh supports the brusb-holders and the regulating devices, which may be of any ordinary character, or may be such as shown in an application of like date herewith. ‘The armature is constructed with the view to reduce to a winimum the loss of power due to the transversal or Foueault currents and to 4g the change of polarity, aud also to shorten as much as possibie the length of the inactive wire wound upon the armature-core. ‘It is well known that when the armature is revolved between the potes of the field-mag- 2 3 25 3 3 & 40 tion Sled Fannuary 4, 1886, Rensewon Decomber 1, 186, Soria! Ne,920,370. (No wiotel.2 nets currents ave generated in the iron body of the armature which develop heat, and con- sequently cause a waste of power. Owing to the mutual action of the lines of force, the mag- netic properties of iron, and the speed of the different portions of tho armatnre-eore, these currentsare generated prineipally on and near the surface of the armatnre-core, diminishing instrength gradually toward the center of the core. ‘Their quantity is under same conditions proportional to the lenges of the iron body in the direction in which these currents are gen- erated. Bysubdividing the irou coreelectric- ally in this direotion the generation of these currents can bereduced to agreatestent. For instance, if the length of the armature-core is twelve inches, and by a suitable coustrction thesameissubdivided electrically,sothatthere arin thegenerating direction six inches ofiron and six inches of intervening air-spuees or in- solating material, the currents will be relaced to fifty per cent.) As shown in the drawings, the armature is, constrneted of thin iron disks D DD, of v: ons diameters, fastened upon the armature- shaft ina suitable maumer and arranged ac- 75 cording to their sizes, so that a sories of iron bodies, #74, is formed, each of which dimin- ishes in thickness from the center toward the periphery. At both ends of the armature the inwardly-curved disks dd, preferably of east: 80 iron, are fastened to the armature-shaft, ‘The armature-core being constructed as shown, it will be easily seen that on those por- tions of thearmatare that are the most remote from the axis, and where the currents are principally developed, the length of iron in the generating direction is only a small frac- tion of the total length of the armature-core, and besides this the iron body is subdivided iu the generating direction, and therefore the Foucault currents are greatly reduced, An- other cause of heating is the shifting of the poles of the armatare-core. Tn consequence of the subdivision of the iron in the armature and the increased surface for radiation the risk of heating is lessened. ‘Tue iron disks DD D may be insnlated or coated with some insnlating-paint, a very care- 70 95a fal insulation being unnecessary, as an elec- trical contact between soveral disks can only occur on places where the gonerated currents are comparatively weak. An armature-core § constructed in the manner deseribed may be revolved between tho poles of the field-mag- nets without showing the slightest increase of temperatare. ‘The end disks, dd, which are of sufficient to thickness and, forthe sake of cheapness, pref- erably of cast-iron, are curved inwardly, as indicated in thedrawings. ‘The exteut of the curve is dependent on the amount of wire to be wound upon the armatures. Inmy present 5 invention the wire is wound upon the arma- ture in two superimposed parts, and the earve of the end disks, dd, is so calculated that the first part—thatis, practically half of the wire— just fills up the hollow space to the line x aj 20 On, if the wire is wound in any other manner, the curve is such that when the whole ‘of the wire is wound the ontside mass of wires,w,and the inside mass of wires, w, are equal at each side of the plane xz, In this case it will be seen the passive or electrically-inactive wires are of the smallest length practienble. ‘The arrangement has further tle advantage that the total lengths of the crossing wires at the two sides of the plane « 2 are practically equal. ‘To further equalize the armature-coila at both sides of the plates that are in contact with the brushes, the winding and eounecting up is effeeted in ‘the following manner: The whole wire is wound upon the armature-core iv two superimposed parts, which are thor- onghly insulated from each other. Each of these two parts is composed of three separated groups of coils, ‘The first group of coils of the first part of wire beiug wound and connected to the commutator-barss in the usual mauner, this group is insulated and the second group wound; bubthe coils of this second group in- atead of being connected to the next following comuintator-bars, are connected tothedirectly. opposite bars of the commutator. Thesceoad. group is then iusnlated aud the third group wound, the coils of this group being connected to those bars to which they would be con. nected in tho usnal way. ‘The wires are then thoroughly insulated and the second part of wire wound and connected in the samo man- ner. Suppose, for instance, that there are twenty-four coils—thatis,twelvein each part— and consequently twenty-four comumutator- plates. ‘There will bein each partthreogroups, each containing four coils, aud the coils will de connected as follows: Groups. 60 Pi Wirst part of wire 30 50 35 Commutator-bars. 1. First Second. Second part of wire hind 65 \ 359,748 In constructing the arniature-core and wind- ing and connecting the coils in the manner in- dicated, the passive or clectrically-inactive wire is redaced to. minimum, and the coils at each side of the plates that ‘are in contact with the brushes are practically equal, and in this way the electrical eficioncy of the ma- chine is increased, . . ‘The commutator-plates ¢ are shown as out- side the bearing b of thearmature-shaft. ‘The shaft H is tubular and split at the end portion, and the wires are carried through tli¢’same in auy usual mauner avd connected to the re- spective commatator-plates. The commuta- tor-plates are upon a cylinder, x, and insn- Jated, and this cylinder is to be properly placed and secured by expanding the split end of the shaft by a tapering screw-plug, ¢. J do nob claim herein the cores of the field- magnets converging toward the pole-pieces; nordo I claim the method of fastening the base to the lower ficld- magnet, as this has been claimed in my former application on dynamo- electric machines. ‘What I claim is— 1. Ina dynamo-eleetrie machine, the arma- ture constricted of iron disks of various di- ameters arranged upow the shaft in such a manner that a series of iron bodies is formed, each diminishing in thickness from the cen: ter to the periphery, substantially as and for the purposes set forth, 2. In a dyoamo-cleetric wachine, the arma- ture-core having iron disks of various diame- ters, in combination with inwardly - carved end disks, for the purposes and substantially as set forth. 3. Tu a dynamo-electrie machine, an arma- ture-core having inwardly-curred ends, in combination with the armature-eoils, the cross- ing wires of which coils pass into the concave heads and project equally, substantially as set forth, 4. Ina dynamo-electrie machine, an arma- ture having separate coils superimposed and connected to the commutator-plates in alter- nating groups, substantially as sct forth. 5. An armature for dynanio-electric ma- chines, having a core composed of disks of va- tions diameters, in combination with separate superimposed coils connected to the commu- tator-plates iv alternate gronps, snbstantially as set forth, 6, Inn dynamo-clectric machine, the mag- netic frame composed of the cores ¢ ec ¢, the curved pole-pieces N 8, and the connecting- feamo with the curved and ontwardly-pro- Jecting legs ¢ ¢, substantially 2s described, Signed by me this 12th day of Jannasy, A. D, 1886, NIKOLA TESLA. Witnesses: Gxo. 1. Prvokxey, Wattace I, Starec..(No Model.) 3 Sheets—Sheet 1. N. TESLA. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. . No. 359,748. Patented Mar. 22, 1887.