Information Rk 849-300 E Edition 2 Septanber 1974 [Se BRON ROVER File RK 00-90 Section 6 ABB Relays NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE PROTECTION TYPE RARIO # Used to protect genera-~ @ Operates in two different Contents tors, motors and synch —ateps, one instantaneous ronous condensers against alarm step for « minimum General p. 2 unbalanced fault currents pick-up of 0.05 per unit Design and mode negative~sequence current of operation 3 # Meets the protection re~ Tz and one tripping step Case and mounting 3 quirenents of modern syn- according to Ip’t charac~ Maintenance 5 chronous machines teristics for a minimum Technical data 6 of 0,08 per unit Iz Ordering tequitenents 7 Provides an inverse tine Circuit diagrane 10 characteristics with Ig2t settable as low as X10, negative-sequence current protection (90156) ” ADEA, 8.72169 Vastorts Sweden [COMBI 1] LEILJEDX?ASEA CENERAT, Normally the current frot 4 generator is equal in all three phases. The phase dieplecenent between the currents is also symmetrical and equal to 1209, With abnorwal conditions, (e.g, single-phase or cuo-phase short circuit, highly unsymmetrical load or interruption in one phase) the curvent eystem will be vasymecricel thus causing the negative sequence currents to rise. The negative-sequente system formed by these currents has the sane apeed of rotation as the generator stator Held but has the opposite rotating direction. Cousequeatly, it rotates with double the nat frequency of the rotor, In the metal parte of the rotor, damping windings etc., currents are induced which also have double the net Erequency, These currents tend to flow in the surface of the solid forging of the rotor and in the non-magnetic wedges ané retaining riags end give rise co heating of the rotor. If the negative-sequence curreat is ex- cessive and petsists too long, the rotor will be damaged. Hor neagive-sequence currents which exceed a certain minimum vaiue it is usually calculated that the generator will cope with @ negative-sequence current during a tima t, deternined from the equation: K t 2 4, where Iz = negative-sequence current per unit value t = time in seconds K = aconstant in seconds which is specific fot the gene~ ratox used, This constant represents the time during which a negative-sequence current equal to the generator rated current can be permitced. ‘The equation aseunes that all energy caused by the negative-sequence current is transferred to heat in the rotor without any losses to the surrounding. In reality a ceztein amount of heat will be trane~ mitted to the surrounding ccoling mediuw and to the stator. A con~ tincus negative-sequence current will therefore result in thermal balance. The maxinum negative-sequence current allowable without camaging the rotor by overheating is a function of the generator type and the method of cooling adopted. Generally in generators with salient poles the circulating currents will flow mainly in the camping windings, These windings in hydto-generators are generally cesigned with an ample margin snd generators of this type will there fore withstand a considerably higher negative-sequence current than corresponding steam turbine generators. To be compatible with various syachconous machine thermal character istics, the protection should have an adjustable minimum pick-sp value of 17 and an adjustable range of I2¢t, Modern synchronous ma~ chines require uinisum pick-up values of [7 te be between 2 end 30 9. To deteet even lower Iz-curtonts the protection should be provided with an alara device giving an instantaneous slarm for a wiaimas pick-up vélue of Ig continuously variable between 0.05 - 0.20 per wnit.Rk 649-300 E Sept, 1974 Operating time t 30min 20min. \ Type? Et vaue min: A 2 S min. 15. amin: 22min ss 30s _— fos 308 205 vee Y \ ol WIN ws $s. 2s. 1s 05s a 02 OBO oSCe Negative sequence current Iz in per unit value. Siping curves. toi Fig. 2. Tripping curves DESIGN 33ND MODE OF OPERATION The protection type RARIO is available with the following nini- mum 32 pick-up settings and 12?t-values: qt Ip winimum pick-up value (per unit) For tripping For alare Setting on -RXTDO. 2 RKTK 1(4) RIK 17) Type 1 2-105 9.08 - 9.30 0.05 ~ 0.20 ‘Type 2 7-305 9,15 - 0.60 0.05 - 0.20 RARIO consists of plug-in units inserted in termina? bases soreved on two appatetus bars. Complete testing facilities are included and all internel wiring is made for the function unit.