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RK Gramatica Kichwa PDF
RK Gramatica Kichwa PDF
4 5
Kimsaniki tantachiyachaypika rikchay awariymantami
rimakun, chaypika, sapikuna, shuti, shutilli, shutiranti, imachik,
WILLAK
imallichikkunapash imashina kashkamanta, imashina yuyaypi La presente gramática de la lengua kichwa se ha elaborado en el
rikurishkanatami rikuchin. marco de las políticas lingüísticas para la Educación Intercultural
Bilingüe, implementadas por el Gobierno de la Revolución
Chuskuniki tantachiyachaypika yaparik shimikunamantami achkata Ciudadana para dar cumplimiento al mandato constitucional
killkashkata rimakun, kay shimikukuna imata rikuchik kashkatapash que tiene como fin el fortalecimiento de la interculturalidad y la
revalorización de las lenguas y culturas ancestrales del Ecuador.
shuk shuk yuyaykunawan churashpami rikuchishka kan.
La “Gramática Pedagógica Kichwa” es el fruto de varios años de
Pichkaniki tantachiy yachayka, chay awarimantami rikuchin, kaypika, trabajo y de la experiencia acumulada de maestros, especialistas
yuyaykikuna imashina awarishkamanta, imak, paktachik, imachikpash y miembros del pueblo kichwa en general, quienes no han dudado
awarishkamanta; shinallatak, chay samikunamantami rikuchin. en participar en reuniones y talleres en los cuales se ha discutido
ampliamente los temas que se desarrollan en este texto.
Shina kashkamantaka kay sumak kamuta kikinkunapa makipimi
churapanchik, munaywan kuyaywan ñukanchikpa shimita La elaboración de gramáticas de todas las lenguas ancestrales del
sinchiyachishpa katipashunchik. Ecuador es un objetivo a mediano plazo del Sistema de Educación
Intercultural Bilingüe, ya que estos trabajos constituyen un
compendio escrito de la estructura de cada una de ellas y apoyarán
Killkakkuna
notablemente los procesos educativos de los jóvenes y adultos de
las nacionalidades del país. De la misma manera, cualquier persona
interesada en el tema podrá disponer de dichos trabajos para
conocer este importante componente de los orígenes identitarios
de los habitantes del país
6 7
1.1 Kichwashimi wiñaykawsay
8 9
1.2 Killkakunata alliyachishkamanta Punasuyupa iskun markakunamanta (Imbabura, Pichincha,
Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, Azuay y
Ñukanchikpa kichwa shimika, kawsay marka runakunapak Loja), Ishkayshimi Kawsaypura yachaykunata alli apankapakmi
sumak shimimi kan. Ñawpa pachakunamantami kay shimika ña sarun watakunamanta tawka yachachina hillaykunata rurashpa
ayllullaktakunapi kawsamushka, shinapash wakin runakunaka, shamukushkanchik, chay ruraykunapimi shukshinalla killkanata
mishukunapa kawsaywan chakrurishka kashkamantaka mana mutsurishkanchik, chaymantami KAMAK ukupi rimanakushpa shuklla
chanishpa kunkarinata yuyakushkakunami. yuyayta surkunata munashkanchik.
Kay shimita sumakyachina yuyaywanmi ñukanchikka tukuy sami Shina yuyarishkamantaka, Riobamba kitipi, 2004 wata, pawkar killapa
ruraykunata apakushkanchik, shinami ñawpa watakunaman ña tawka 22 punchamanta 26 punchakaman, KAMAK (Kichwa Kamachik) ukupi
tantanakuykuna tiyashka. kak mashikuna rimanakushkanchik; sapan yachaykanchata pushak
mashikuna, markakunapi ishkayshimi, kawsaypura yachaykunata
Shukniki tantanakuyka Campamento Nueva Vida wasipimi, 1980 yanapak mashikuna, DINEIB ukumanta mashikuna, wakin yachachik
wata, ayriwakilla, 14-18 punchakunapi kashka; kaypika shukshinalla mashikunapash tantarinakushpami kichwa shimimantaka achkata
killkanatami yuyarinakushka. Shinami tawka sami kamuta killkashka. rimanakushkanchik, chaypika, kay yuyaykunatami tantachishpa
arinishkanchik.
Kipaka, ishkayniki tantanakuymi tiyashka, chay Tabacundo Kitipi,
1998 wata, sitwa killapa 21 punchapimi kashka. Shinallatak sumak 1.2.1 h/j Killkamanta.
yuyarinakuykunawanmi chunka pusak killkakunawan killkanata
yuyarishkakuna, kaykuna: a, k, ch, i, j, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y, Kichwa shimipi [x], [j], [h], [Ø] uyarikkunawan shimikunataka <h>
killkakunami kashka, shinallatak ts, z, killkakunataka kichwapa ñawpa killkawanmi killkana kan.
shimikunata killkankapakmi arininakushka. Tawka watakunami kay
yuyarinakushkawan killkashpa shamukushkanchik. Shina yuyarishkata rikushun:
Kay punchakunapika, ñukanchikpa shimita ashtawan allichinkapakmi • Abya Yala llaktakunapi kawsak Kichwa runakuna, pakta
kimsaniki tantanakuyta rurarkanchik. shuk samishinalla alli killkana kashkamanta.
• Wawakuna, shuktak shimi yachaypi, mana llakita charishpa,
Shinallatak tawka watakunami, ñukanchikpa shimi kamachikta, utka yachakuchun.
wiñachinata munarkanchik, chaymantami, kichwa runakunaka, • Ñawpa kamukuna <h> killkawan killkashka kashkamanta.
(Acuerdo Ministerial Nro. 330), Kichwa Kamachik tantariyta • Kunan pachapipash, wakin shimi amawtakunaka <h>
wiñachirkanchik. (KAMAK), español shimipika Academia de la Lengua killkawan kamukunata killkashkamanta.
Kichwa (ALKI) shutimi kan. • Español shimi uyarik, kichwa shimi uyarikwan ama pakta
kachun.
• <h> killkaka Kichwa shimipi uyarita charishkamanta,
10 11
Shina:
Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
Uyantinkuna: k, ch, h, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, w, y.
l - lumucha ll - llaru m - mashu
12 13
1.2.3 Ñukanchikpa yachaykunamanta a. Kichwapika tukuy shimikunatami puchukay shimikipa
kamak wasikunamanta washapi tiyak shimipi sinchiyachishpa rimanchik, shina
kashkamantaka español shimipi tiyak ‘tilde’ unanchataka
Kunanmanta, tukuy kichwa llaktakunapi shukshinalla rimankapak mana killkanchikchu.
killkankapakpash, pushak wasikunata shinami shutichishkanchik: Shina:
1. Ecuador Mamallaktapa Ishkayshimi2, Kawsaypura3 Yachayta Ñuka, maki, muchiku, antawa, yachanawasi
Pushakkamay4.
2. Markapi Ishkayshimi, Kawsaypura Yachayta Pushakkamay. ch. Kichwa shimipika tapuk unanchakunaka (¿?) mana
(Dirección Provincial de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe tiyanchu, chaypak rantika –tak, –chu shimikukunawan, tapuk
shuktak markakunapa shutita churanallami kan. shutirantikunawapashmi tapunchik.
Shina:
1.2.4 Mushuk shimikunata alliyachishkamanta
-tak shimikuwan:
Yupaykamay, wiñaykawsay, allpamamakamay, pachamamakamay,
ukkukuyuykamay yachaykanchakunapami tawka mushuk shimikunata Kikinka maypitak kawsankapak rinki.
alliyachishkanchik; kaykunaka, hatun yachaykunapi, ñankamukunapi, Pitak wasimanka shamunka.
rikuchikkunapipashmi killkashka kan. Kay shimikunataka Payka mashna wawatatak charin.
markakunapi, ayllullaktakunapi, yachanawasikunapipash alli María mashitak pushamunki.
rimashpa, killkashpami sinchiyachina kanchik. (Kimirishka killka). Paytaka pitak kuyarka.
2
Ishkayshimi = bilingue Pushakkamay = dirección
4
3
Kawsaypura = intercultural
14 15
Diptongo tantariyka ishkay uyaywakuna, shuk paskarishka uyaywa, l. Wakin shimikuna gu, hu, uyaywakunawan rikurikpika /w/
shuk wichkashka uyaywawan tantarishkami kan, shinapash shuklla killkawanmi killkana kan.
uyarimi kan, shinami shua shimika [shua] uyarin, alli kichwata Shina:
rimakkunaka ishkay shimikiwanmi riman.
Shina: Shu-wa
16 17
n. Maypitak /m/, /n/ uyantinkunawanka killkana kan. Español shimimanta mana kashpaka shuktak shimimanta mañashka
shimikunataka, paypak shimipi imashina kashkallatatakmi rimana
• Shimi paypak unanchata, mana shimikuta charik kakpika /m/ killkanapash kan.
uyantinwanmi killkana kan. Shina:
Shina:
• Payka Montecristi llaktapi hatun tantanakuytami charishka.
pampa, chumpi, chimpa, humpi • Ñukanchikka Baños kitipimi kichwa shimitaka allichirkanchik.
• Delia mamaka kichwa shimipi sumaktami riman.
• Maykan shimikuna /ra/, /sa/ shimikita puchukaypi • Ñukapa lima hillayka yapa rukumi kan.
charishpaka, paypak ñawpakpi /m/ uyantinwanmi kilkana • Ambato llaktapika achka mishki murukunami tiyan.
kan. • Guayaquil llaktapika achka shuwakunami tiyan.
Shina: • Colombia mamallaktamanta wakin mashikunaka, Ecuador
mamallaktamanmi shamunkuna.
wamra, kimsa, amsa
Español shimipi, kikin shutikunapi, shuktak mañashka
• Shimi sapi ñawpakpi shimikuta mutsurishpaka /n/ shimikunapika, mana kichwa shimikuta yapachinallachu kan,
uyantinwanmi killkana kan. chaypak rantika mañashka shimitami shuktak kichwa shimiwan
Shina: paktachina kanchik.
Shina:
kanpak, kikinpak, ñanpi
Maykan kichwa shimikuna ñawpa killkakuna kamachikkunapi ña Shinapash, mana español shimikunata ashtawan hapishpa
churashka kakpika, shinallatakmi killkana kan. rimankapak killkankapakpash mushuk shimikunatami yachashpa
Shina: katina kanchik.
18 19
1.5 Kichwapi -na, -y shimikumanta
Kaykunamanta:
Shina:
20 21
2.1 Uyariykancha5
• Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
• Uyantinkuna: p, t, ch, k, …
• Shimiki: pa, ta, pi, ku, ...
• Shimi: payta, tayta, kipu, ...
• Yuyaykuna: Ñukapa kuyashka warmika wasipimi
kawsan.
2.1.1 Uyaywakuna6
5
Uyariykancha = fonología
6
Uyaywakuna = vocales
22 23
a uyaywata rimakpika shimimi ashtawan paskarin.
i uyaywata rimakpika shimimi wichkarin.
u uyaywata rimakpika shimi wirpami ñawpakman chutarin.
2.1.3 Uyarikanchata rikuchik millka
2.1.2 Uyantinkuna7
7
Uyantinkuna = consonante
8
Wirpa = labial
24 25
26 27
2.2 Shimikiyachay9
10 11
9
Shimikiyachay = sílaba 11
ut=uyantin
10
uw = uyaywa 12
Uyaywa shimiki = sílaba vocálica
28 29
2.2.2 Tikray shimiki13 2.2.4 Harkashka shimiki15
Kay shimikika shuk uyaywa shuk uyantinwanmi (uw+ut) awarishka Kay shimikika shuk uyantin, chawpipi shuk uyaywa, puchukaypika
kan, shinaka, kay shimikikunaka shimi kallaripillami rikurin. shuk uyantinwanmi (ut + uw + ut) awarishka kan. Shinaka, may
Shina: shimikunapika kallaripi, chawpipi, puchukaypipashmi rikurin.
30 31
Shinapash, kichwata yachak mashikunaka, kay shimitaka mana Shina:
shimikipi pakinachu kan nishpami yachachinkuna. Chay yuyaywanka
manapash kichwa shimitaka shimikipi yupanallachu kan. kikinka, kanka, ayayay, achachay, ari, mana,
kuyankichu, llakinkichu, shamupashun, ñukachu, wañurkankichu,
Kichwa shimika yaparik shimimi kan, shinaka mana shimikuta shuyakurkankichu
pakinalla kakpika ashtawan yachashpami katina kanchik.
2.4 Kari warmiyachik18
2.3 Shimikita sinchichik17
Kichwa shimipi, kari warmikunata rikuchinkapakka mana shimikuta
charinchu; chaypak rantika, kari, warmi shimitami, maykan
Kichwa shimipika puchukay washa shimikipimi samaytaka
shutikunapa ñawpakpi churashpa rikuchinchik. Shinallatak
sinchiyachishpa rimanchik.
wankinpika mama, tayta shimiwanpash rimanchik.
Shina:
Kichwa shimika shimikukunawan awarishpa katishpami yuyaytakun.
Shinami shuk sapi yuyay.
Tiyakpika:<allku> chaypimi shuk shimikukunata llutashpa katina kan.
Shina:
32 33
Ayllushutiwan rimashpaka, shinallatak mana kari warmi shimiwan Shina:
rimanachu kan.
Shina: sukta allku
Caguana yachachikta kayay. ishkay warmi.
Paucar kushipatata pushamukriy. Shutillikuna ña achkata rikuchikpipash mana –kuna shimikuta
churanachu kanchik.
2.5 Tawkachik19 Shina:
Kichwa shimipi achkata rikuchinkapakka –kuna shimikutami shutipa, achka allku wakin wasi
shutillipa, shutirantipa kuchupi llutachinchik. tawka kari asha tanta.
Shina:
Shutikunapi –pura shimiku rikurikpika, –kuna shimikuta mana
churanachu kanchik.
Shina:
Mamapura riman.
Wawkipura shamunkichik.
19
Tawkachik = pluralizador
34 35
3.1 Rikchay awariy20
20
Rikchay awariy = morfosintaxis
21
Unancha = significado
36 37
3.1.3 Shimipa sapi, imachikpa sapi 3.2 Yuyaypa shimikuna23
Kichwa shimipika ishkay sami sapimi tiyan (shutipa sapi, imachikpa Kichwa shimipash tukuy shimikunashinallatakmi kan, shinaka, achka
sapi). shimikunatami charin, chay shimikunaka sapan unanchata, ima
Shina: kaktapashmi rikuchin, chaykunata alli yachashpami yuyaykunatapash
alli rurashun, ashtawanka mana shuktak shimita hawalla hapishpa
rimankapak.
3.2.1 Shutikuna
3.1.4 Shimipa shimiku22 Shutikunaka tukuy ima tiyakkunapa, (runakuna, wiwakuna, yurakuna,
Chay shimikunapimi shuk, ishkay kimsa, shimikukunata imakunatapash) shutimi kan. Shinaka, chay tiyakkunaka, ukkuta
yapachishpaka shuktak sumak hatun unanchata kun, chaymantami charik, mana ukkuta charikkunpashmi tiyan.
kichwataka yaparik shimi ninchik. Shina:
Shina:
Shimi+shimiku
wasi
wasi-man
wasi-man-lla
wasi-man-lla-tak
wasi-man-lla-tak-mi
Imachik+shimiku
tushu- 3.2.2 Ukkuyuk shutikuna24
tushu-n
tushu-na-lla Kay shutikunaka ukkuta yarikunawan rikunalla, hapinalla
tushu-na-lla-man shutikunatami rikuchin.
tushu-na-lla-tak-mi
22
Shimipa shimiku = morfemas 23
Yuyaypa shimikuna = partes de la oración
24
Ukkuyuk shutikuna = sustantivos concretos
38 39
Shina: 3.2.5 Tukuy, purun shutikuna27
3.2.4 Kikin shutikuna26
Mana ukkuyuk
25
shutikuna sustantivos 26
Kikin shutikuna = sustantivos propios Tukuy, purun
27
shutikuna = sustantivos 28
Shukyachishka shutikuna = sustantivos
abstractos comunes compuestos
40 41
3.3 Shutiranti29 Tawkak runapa shutirantiwan yuyaykuna.
• Ñukanchikmi kichwa shimitaka sumakta killkakunchik.
• Kankunaka allpapimi llankashpa shaykushkankichik.
Shutirantika runapa shutikunata mana shutichishpa rikuchinkapakmi
• Paykunapash wawakunamanmi mishkimuruta karan.
kan.
Shina: 3.3.2 Rikuchik shutiranti
Kaymi pukllarka.
Payka hatun antanikichiktami rantishka.
Chaymi kamirka.
Shutiranti
Shuk allkumi kaykunata kanishka.
Chaykunata kayamuy.
3.3.1 Runapa shutiranti30
3.3.3 Tapuchik shutiranti
Kay shutirantika runakunapa kikin shutita mana nishpa
Tapuchik shutirantika runa ima rurakukta tapukmi kan. Shinapash
rikuchinkapakmi kan.
tapuk shutirantita rurankapakka –tak shimikuwan yapachishpami
Shina: ruranchik.
Shina:
29
Shutiranti = pronombre
30
Runapa shutiranti = pronombres personales
42 43
3.3.4 Mashnachik shutiranti Shina:
Kaykunaka maykan runa mana achiklla kakta rikuchinkapakmi kan. Picha chay llaktapika kichwata mana alli riman
Shina: Picha rinka
Pichari kunanka wasimanka rinka
Mashnachari shamunka
Rikchak shutiranti
3.4 Shutillikuna31
Mana tukuykuna tiyakpika chay –pash shimikutami churashpa
ashtawan shutirantita ruranchik. Shutillikunaka shutikuna imashina kakta, mashna kakta, maykan
kakta, shuktakkunatapashmi rikuchin. Chayta rikuchinkapakka
Shinallatak, wakinpika –cha, -chari shimikukunawanmi shimipi shutipa ñawpakpimi churanchik.
churashpa suyu shutirantita ruranchik. Shina:
Shina:
31
Shutillikuna = adjetivo
44 45
Maykan shutikunaka shuktak shutipa ñawpakpi rishpaka 3.4.2 Rikuchik shutillikuna
shutillishinami tukun, shinaka, shutita shukyachik kashkamantami
shina rikurin. Rikuchik shutillikunaka kichwapika mana tiyanchu, ashtawanka
Shina: rikuchik shutirantikuna shutikunapak ñawpakpi rishpami shutilli
tukun, kaykunami kan: kay, kaykuna, chay, chaykuna.
Shina:
Kay shutillikunaka shuti imashina kashkatami rikuchin. Kichwa shimipi kikinpayachik shutillikunaka mana tiyanchu,
Shina: shinapash shutirantikunapi –pa, -pak shimikuta llutachishpa
shutillishinata rikurishpaka, kikinpa kashkatami shukyachin.
Shina:
Shina:
46 47
3.4.3 Yupay shutillikuna Shina:
Shukllayupana33
Pakiriy yupay35
José pushakka 4 punchatami Quito kitipi kan. Chawpiriy yupayka ima charishkata ishkaypi, kimsapi, chuskupi,
Kay yachanawasipika 20 yachakukmi tiyan. mashnapipash chawpishkata rikuchinkapakmi kan.
Killapika 300 dolar kullkitami hapini. Shina:
4 killakipa 1200 dolar kullkitami hapini
12 hunu rurakunami kay mamallaktapi kawsanchik 3/4 chusku pakimanta kimsa.
4/4 chusku pakimanta chusku
(Yupaykunataka kichwa shimipimi rimana kanchik) 5/6 sukta pakimanta pichka.
Shina:
Nikiyupay34
Shuk yachakukka 4/6 tatki pintutami rantin.
Nikiyupanaka pi, ima katishka katishkata yupankapakmi kan, shina
yupankapakka –niki shimikutami yupaypi llutachishpa yupana kan.
Shukllayupana = unidades
33 35
Pakiriy yupay = números racionales,
Nikiyupay = números ordinales
34
fracciones o quebrados
48 49
3.4.4 Mashna shutillikuna 36
3.5 Imallichikkuna37
Shina:
Imallichikkunaka imachikpa ñawpakpi rishpaka imachikkunatami
Wakin runakunaka sumaktami takin. shukyachik kan. Shinallatak, imachikkunawan, shutillikunawanpash
shutilli shuti tantarinkunallami.
Shina:
Kaypika tukuy wawami yachakun.
shutilli shuti
Allimantami yallikun.
Taytaka tutamantami hatarirka.
Antisuyumanta yachachikkunaka achka kullkitami charin.
Kayami achkata tushusha.
shutilli shuti
Apukkunamanka ari nishpa rimapanki.
Kichwa yachaymanka shuktak mashitami apamuna kanchik.
shutilli shuti 3.5.1 Imashinayachik imallichik38
Shutillikunata imashina rimana, killkanamanta. Kay imallichikkunaka imachikkuna imashina kaktami rikuchin.
36
Mashna shutillikuna = adjetivos indeterminados Imallichikkuna = adverbios
37
50 51
Sumakllatami tushun Ñukaka kaynami yachakurkani.
imallichik imallichik
39
Pachayachik imallichik = adverbio de tiempo 40
Mashnayachik imallichik = adverbio de cantidad
41
Kuskayachik imallichik = adverbio de lugar
52 53
3.5.4 Kuskayachik imallichik41 Shina:
Kuska imallichikka, may kuskapi imata munashkata, rurashkata, Ari, Rosa wamrapa yayami shamurka.
yuyashkata rikuchinkapakmi kan. imallichik
Shina:
Apukkunamanka ari nishpa rimapanki.
imallichik
Chay allkuka chimpatami yallirka Chay uchilla wawakunaka manarak killkanata yachanchu.
imallichik
imallichik
Ñukaka kaypimi yachani 3.5.7 Ichanik imallichik44
imallichik
Kay imallichiktaka –cha, -chari, -shi shimikukunawanmi shimipi
Sisa mashika hawapimi pukllanka. llutachishpa ruray tukunchik.
imallichik Shina:
54 55
Raymimanka pichari shamunka. Shina:
Imallichik
Kay imallichikkunaka imatapash mana rurachun ninkapakmi kan, 3.6.1 Rurayta yallichik imachik46
chaypakka kay shimikunami tiyan: ñatak, ama, pakta.
Shina: Kay imachikkunaka ruraytami shuktakman urmachin, yallichinpash.
Shina:
imallichik
Pukllakka rumpata haytan.
ich
56 57
3.6.2 Rurayta mana yallichik imachik47 Mushukmi kanka
ich
Kay imachikka rurayta mana shuktakman yallichikchu kan, Hatun runami kani.
rurakllapitakmi sakirin. ich
Shina:
3.6.4 Imachik huniyachik49
Ñukanchikmi asinchik
ich48 Kichwa shimipak imachikkunaka –na shimikuwan rikurishpaka
Kanmi puñunki mana runata, pachata, yupayta rikuchinchu, chayta rikuchinkapakka
ich imachik sapipimi huniypa shimikukunata llutachinchik, chay
Kankunami mancharinkichik shimikukunami runata, pachata, yupaytapash rikuchin.
ich
Paymi arman Shinapash, imachikta huninkapakka hatun imashinayachik
ich
pachakunami yanapan, kaykuna: rikuchik pacha, kachachik pacha,
Kay yuyaykunapi imachikta riksinkapakka, pitak nishpa tapushpami rurayachik pacha, munayachik pacha. Chaykunami pi runapi, kunan,
riksikchayanchik. yallik, shamuk pachapi, tawkakpi, churashpa yuyaypika rimanchik.
Shina:
3.6.5 Rikuchik pacha50
Kanmi puñunki
Tapuy: pitak puñun Rikuchik pachaka imata rurashpa, munashpa, yuyashpapash kunan
Kutichiy: kan pachallapitak rikuchikmi kan.
Shinashpaka, rurakka payllatakmi kashka, rurayka mana shuktakman
yallinchu.
Kunan pacha
3.6.3 Shinakanayachik imachik
58 59
Yallishka pacha Shina:
Shamuk pacha
3.6.5.3 Munayachik53
60 61
4.1 Shimikukuna54
Shimikukuna = morfología
54
Shutikanchapa surkuk
55
shimikukuna =
Shutimanta shutiyachik = nominalizadores
56
morfemas derivativos
62 63
Shina: yapachishpa, mirachishpa, kamishpa, yanka kamishpapash
yuyaykunatami kun. Hatunyachik nishpami riksinchik. Shina:
Sarayaku warmikunaka akchasapami kan.
Kay -kamak shimikuka, shutita shuktakman tikrachishpa pipash ima Sarayaku warmikunaka puñuysikimi kan.
Llullu wawaka wakaysikimi kan.
ruraktami rikuchin.
Shina:
Shinapash, -siki shimikuka mana tukuypichu churanalla kan,
ashtawanka asishpa, kamishpa shinami rikuchinchik.
Kay -sapa, -ruku, -siki shimikukunaka imatapash hatunyachishpa, Ñukapa misiwatami makanki.
64 65
Paypa mashiwatami makanki 4.1.3 Imachikmanta shutiyachikkuna
Ñukapa umawatami nanakun.
Imachikmanta shutiyachik shimikukunaka imachikpi llutarishpaka
Ñukapa panilla, wakashpallami kawsan. shuti, shutikancha shimitapashmi surkun. Chayta rurankapakka -y,
Ñukapa wawalla, llakimari tukushkanki -na, -k, -shka, -shpa shimikukunami tiyan.
66 67
Shina:
Unkushka runaka hampirikunmi.
Wañushka runaka mana tikrankachu.
-shpa.
4.1.4.1 Tawkachik
Ña hawapi nishkata hapishpa -kuna shimikumi shutikanchapi 4.1.4.3 Shutikanchapa shimikukuna
llutarishpaka tawkata rikuchin.
Kutin, -nchik shimikuka shukniki tawkayachik shutirantipillami
llutarishpa tawkachin.
Shina:
68 69
4.2. Imachikpa shimikukuna59 Shina:
Mishkitaka mikurayanimi.
Kay shimikukunaka imachikpimi llutarin. Shinaka surkuk, patarik, Palantataka tarpurayanimi.
kuyurik shimikukunami tiyan. Mishki murutami mikurayani.
Ñukanchikka saratami rikurayani.
4.2.1. Imachikmanta surkuk shimikukuna
-ykacha
Kay shimikukunaka imachikllapimi llutarin. Shinaka surkuk, patarik,
kuyurik shimikukunapimi rakirin.
Kay -ykacha shimikuka, maypipash rurak, kaypi, chaypi, imatapash
yankalla ruraktami rikuchin. Maypipash rurak ninchikmi.
4.2.1.1. Imachikmanta imachikyachik
Shina:
70 71
Shina: -wa
Yayakunaka tantanakuypimi rimanakun.
Wawakunaka rumpawan pukllanakun. Kay –wa shimikuka llakiwan ima rurayta, rimayta pi chayachiktami
Paykunaka papata pallanakun. rikuchin.
Shina:
-ku
Makinchuta karaway.
Kay -ku shimikuka ima ruraytapash unay yachinkapakmi kan. Chay pankata rikuchiway.
Shina: Ñukapa shunkuta rikuway.
Kay –ri shimikuka rurashkata kikinllapitak kaktami rikuchin. Yaykupay. mikupay, karapay, killkapay
Shina: Wawaman chuchuchipay.
72 73
Atukta hapisha nishpami tutayani. 4.2.2.2. Tawkayachik shimiku
Kushilluka chinkarishpami punchayan.
Chay wirami intiwan yakuyan. Mashnayachik shimikukunaka imachikkunapi llutarishpaka
mashnapura ruraktami rikuchin, kaykunami kan: -nchik, -chik, -kuna
Kuri chumpiwanmi chumpillini.
Chirikpika kaywan kunkallinki.
Kay tupuwan pachalliy.
74 75
-shi. 4.3.2. Tinkichik shimikukuna
Kay –cha shimikuka icha yuyaytami kun. Kay –pash / -pish shimikuka shimikunata, yuyaykunatapash
Shina:
tinkichikmi kan.
Chayta rirkacha. Shina:
Wiwakunaka unkushkacha.
Papatapash, saratapashmi tarpunchik.
Sachamantacha shamunki.
Rumiñawi mashipash, Nina mamapash wasimanmi
Sawarinkapak rirkacha.
rinkuna.
-chu: Riobamba kitimanpash, Cañar kitimanpash
rishkamari.
Kay –chu shimikuka tapunkapak mana nik yuyaykunata rurankapakmi
kan. -tak
Shina:
Kay –tak shimikuka tapunkapak, ukta kutichinkapak, sinchita
Mana ñukaka kichwata yachanichu rimankapak, shuktak shuktak ruraykunatapashmi kun.
Mana Laura yachachikchu kayman shamun Shina:
Mana mamachu Puyo kitiman rin
Maymantatak shamurkakuna.
Imamantatak mana mikurkankichik.
Maykantak rimankacha.
76 77
Kayaka ñukatakmi shamusha. -pacha:
Ñuka munashka muchikutatak apamunki.
Paykunaka yapuntak,tarpuntak. Kay -pacha shimikuka ima shimitapash, ima yuyaytapash shina
Kanka puñunkitak mikunkitak. kakpachatami rikuchin.
Shina:
Warmika yanuntak awantak.
Achik mashika sumaymanapachatami shuyanka.
Payka wiwakunawan cebada yurata pallantak
Rumi mashika achkapachapimi yachanka
saruntak.
Waskar yachakukka yachakpachami kan
-rak Tutamantapacha chaparkani
78 79
-lla 4.3.5. Imachikpa shimiku61
80 81
5.1. Killkay unancha.
/./ iñu
/./ chikan iñu
/./ katik iñu
/,/ chupa
62
/;/ iñu chupa
/:/ ishkay iñu
/ .- / iñu aspi
/-/ aspi
/¡!/ manchariy
( ) winku
Shina:
82 83
5.2. Yuyaykiyachay63 Shina:
Kichwa yuyaypika shutillikunami shukyachik tukun. Shinaka, mashna 5.2.2. Imachik yuyayki66
shutilli kashpapash shutipak ñawpapi rishpami shukyachin tukun.
Shuti yuyayki ukupi shutilli rikurikpika, paypa shunkumi tukun.
Kay yuyaykika, imachik washapi llutarishpaka yuyaytami
Shinallatak, shutipimi shimikukunaka llutarin; shutillikunapika mana
ima yaparik shimikukunachu yaykun. Shuti yuyaykipika shutimi paktachishpami ashtawan achikyachin; shinaka: yallipaktachik67,
paypa shunku tukun. katikpaktachik68, taririklla paktachikkunami69 kan.
circunstancial
84 85
Shina: Shina:
Imak = sujeto
70
Imanik = predicado
71
86 87
Shina: 5.3.2 Sasa yuyaykuna
Kay paktachikka imatapash ima pachapi ruraktapashmi rikuchin. Misika ukuchawanmi pukllan puñunpash
im ink
Kay yuyaykunaka pachata rikuchik shimikunawanmi ruranchik.
Shina:
Yachachikka mashikunawanmi llamkan yachachinpash.
Wayra chishi pachapimi pukllani. im ink
5.3 Shuktak Yuyaykunamanta Yachay Kay yuyaykunaka, shuk, shuk yuyaykunatami charin. Shina
yuyaykunata wallpankapakka, -man, -pash, -tak, -rak shimikuwanmi
Yuyay imashina awarishkata rikukpika yuyaylla, sasa, tinkirishka, killkanchik rimanchikpash.
kimirishka yuyaykunatami charinchik.
Shina:
72
Yuyaylla yuyaykuna = oración simple
88 89
5.3.4 Kimirishka yuyaykuna Wawata sakinaman rishpami ashata kipayamuni.
Kullkita hapishpaka mushuk muchikutami rantimusha.
Kay yuyaykunaka hatun yuyay ukupi chayshinalla shuktak
yuyaykunami rikurin, shinaka ishkay imachikmi tiyan, shuk imachikka .Kay -kpi shimikuka kallariy munay yuyayta kushpa shuktak paktachik
pakta yuyaytami kun, shuktak imachikka katik yuyaytami rikuchin. munay yuyaytami karan. Shinallatak -shpa shimikuka imatapash
Shina: chay shinallatak yuyayta ruraktami rikuchin.
Kichwa shimita alli yachakpika maypipash alli rimashami. 5.3.6 Paktachinayachik kimirishka yuyay
Kunuk yaku tiyakpika punchantami armasha.
Kan kullkita kukpimi mishki murukunatami rantisha. Kay yuyaykunaka, -k, -nka, -pak, -chun shimikukunawanmi
Achka kullki charishpaka, watanta purinaman rishami. rimanchik killkanchikpash.
Tawka murukunata tarpushpaka, alli kawasyta charishami.
Shina:
90 91
5.3.7 Kuskayachik kimirishka yuyaykuna Shina:
Kay yuyaykunaka may kuskapi ima tukushkatami rikuchin. Kankuna yachashkamantami ñukanchikta yallik yachak
Shina: tukushkankichik.
Inti mashika Rumiñawi mashishinallatakmi pukllan.
Ismushka yuramantami kaspita pitini. Kutinpuka sacha kuchita yallikmi allan.
Payka mayumantami shamun.
Ismushka panka kashkamantami pitirin. 5.4 Yuyay kakyachay
5.3.8 Rantichik kimirishka yuyaykuna Kay yuyaykunaka imashina yuyayta kuktami yachachin.
Kay yuyaykunaka pipash imatapash paypa ranti rurashkatami 5.4.1 Ari nik yuyaykuna
rikuchin. Shinapash yuyaykunata rimankapak killkankpakpash –
rayku shimikutami churana kan. Kay yuyakunaka ari nishkata rikuchinkapakmi kan, shinaka
Shina: -mi shimikikutami yuyaypa imakpi, paktachikpi imachikpipash
kimichishpa churana kanchik. Shinapash, maypi chay shimiku
Allpa chukchuchuyraykumi wasika urmarka. rishkatami ashtawan achikyachin.
Puñuyraykumi kipayani. Shina:
Tushuyraykumi raymiman rini.
Mikunaraykumantallami kichwashimi kamuta killkakunchik. Rumi mashika Puyu kitimantami shamun.
Rumi mashimi Puyu kitimanta shamun.
5.3.9 Chimpapurachik kimirishka yuyaykuna Rumi mashika Puyu kitimanta shamunmi.
Inti taytaka alli pushakmi kan.
Kay yuyaykunaka ishkay shutitami chimpapuran. Chayta rurankapakka Kay mashikunaka ishkay shimitami riman.
shinallatak yallik shimikunawan ruranchik. Shuktakkunatapash manta Kayaka ñukapa wasiman rishami.
shimikuwan ruranchik.
92 93
5.4.2 Mana nik yuyaykuna Shina:
Kay yuyaykunaka mana nishkata rikuchinkapakmi kan. Chayta Pitak kantaka makarka.
rurankapakka mana shimita ñawpachishpa shinallatak maypipash Shuktak tapuykunataka pi, ima, maykan, shutirantikunawanmi
-chu shimikuta llutachishpa killkanchik. tapunchik.
Shina: Shina:
Pitak wakarka.
Ñukaka mana wawata rimarkanichu.
Imatatak ninki.
Ñukaka mana wawatachu rimarkani.
Maykantak shamun.
Mana ñukachu wawataka rimarkani.
Pitak chay mashika karka.
Maykan wawatak mishashka.
5.4.3 Tapuk yuyaykuna
Pitak kay sumak kamutaka killkarka.
Kankunaka imashinatak allpamamata kamankichik.
Kay yuyaykunaka imatapash tapunkapakmi kan. Shuk yuyaykunaka
–chu shimikuta churashpa tapunchik. Imashina tapuk yuyaykunata rurashpapash mishu shimipa
Shina. unanchataka ¿? mana churanachu kan, shinallatak, kichwa shimipi
tapushpaka mana shuktak shimi takiwanchu tapuna kan.
Wasiman rinkichu.
Wasimanchu rinki 5.4.4 Kachachik, manchay, kushi, takuriy, rikuchik yuyaykuna
Sawarishkachu kanki.
Kamchata mikunkichu. Kay yuyaykunaka sinchita imatapash mañankapa, kayankapa,
Kanka kichwata yachankichu. kachankapapask yuyaykunami kan. Shinallatak maypika manchaywan
Kanchu kichwata yachanki. kushiwanpash rimankapakmi kan.
Kanka kichwatachu yachanki. Shina:
Shuktak tapuykunaka
¡Utka mikuy!
-tak shimikuta churashpami tapunchik. ¡Yantata apamuy!
¡Allimanta shamuy!
¡Kanka lumuchata apashpa riy!
¡Kayaka chunta aswata rurankiy!
94 95
Misika ukuchatami mikun.
¡Ayayaw! ¡Pakta! ¡Anchuriy! ¡Ananay! Yayaka sarata hallmakun.
¡Añañaw! ¡Araray! ¡Atatay! ¡Chayka! Wawaka sisata pitikun.
¡Sumak! ¡Ñatak! ¡Haku! ¡yanapay! Llamaka kiwata mikukun.
Atukka atallpata mikun.
Shinallatak maykan yuyaykunaka –mari shimikuwanmi ruranchik.
Shina: 5.5.2 Kasilla kak yuyay
Paymari shamun. Kasilla chaskik imakta charikpi, kasilla kak yuyay ninchik.
Paymari riman.
Paymari llullan. Shina:
96 97
5.6.4 Shimi yapachik llakichik
5.6.2 Shimi chawpipi llakichik
Kay shimi yapachik llakichikka, shimi kallaripi shuk uyaywa, uyantinta
Kay shimi chawpipi llakichikka, shimi chawpipi shuk uyaywa, yapachishpami rimanchik, killkanchikpash.
uyantintami anchuchishpa rimanchik, killkanchikpash. Shina:
Shina:
98 99
Shina: Shina:
Kutin, purik yuyay millkaka, ima yuyashkata, sumakta killkashpa, Kallariy yuyay millka
rimashpa rikuchikmi kan. Kaypimi ima, munashkata, mañashkata, Shuk wamra tiyashka nin. Payka, warmiyuk tukunkapakshi kashka.
rurashkata, ima kashpapash rikuchin. Chayta yuyashpa purikushpaka, shuk warmitashi rikushka nin.
Rimay = discurso
73 75
Purik yuyay millka = desarrollo 76
Tantachik yuyay millka = resumen
Kallari yuyaly millka = presentación
74 77
Tukurik yuyay millka = conclusión
100 101
Purik yuyay millka 5.8 Pitishka shimikuna
Paywan sawarinata munakushkashi. Shinapash, warmipak yayaka,
kay wamrata mana chashkishkallachu, paypak ushushiwan shyki shutiyuyayki
sawarichinkapakka, wamrataka llamkanamanrakshi kachak nin. ichyki imachikyuyayki
pak paktachik
Alli llamkakpika masha tukunkimi nishpashi rimak nin. Shinaka im imak
wamraka tukuy punchakunata tutamanta chishikama sara chakrata ich imachik
hallmankapak rini nishpa, rik kashka. Hallmanaka mana achka sht shuti
kashkachu. shm shimiku
shll shutilli
Shinapash wamraka manarak tukuchini nishpaka rik katishkallami. shr shtiranti
Ña shuk killa kipa, wamraka imatatak rurakun yachasha nishkashi Sh shunku
yayaka, nin. ypt yalli paktachik
Tantachik yuyay millka kpt katik paktachik
kuspt. kuska paktachik
Chayta rikunkapakka, upallashi wamrata chakrapi rikunkapak rishka. imll imallichik
Pay chakraman chayashpaka kiwa huntashkata rikushkallami. shy shukyachik
Wamraka mana rikurishkachu nin. ink imanik
papt. pacha paktachik
Achkata mashkakushpalla kipa, wamra puñukushkata rikushka nin. mapt. mashna paktachik
Chaypika runaka piñarishpaka shuk kaspiwan sikipi waktashka nin. impt. imashina paktachik
raypt. raycuchik paktachik
Wamraka, aww... nishpa, hatarishpa waykuman rishka. Chaypika, wanpt. umawan paktachik
chupayuk wamra tukushkashi nin. pipt. piwan paktachik
102 103
SHIMIKUNA Mashna imallichik Adverbio de cantidad
Maykamayachik Destino
Alli killkay Ortografía Maymantayachik Origen
Chayachik Limitativo Munay harkachik Condicionales
Chimpapurachik yuyay Oración comparativa Munayyachik Posibilidad condicional
Chimpapurachik Comparativo Pacha imachikkuna Verbos impersonales
Harkak imallichik Adverbio de prohibición Pacha imallichik Adverbio de tiempo
Harkashka shimiki Silába trabada Pachayachik patarik shimiku Morfemas flexivos de tiempo
Imachik yuyayki Frase verbal Paktachik Complemento
Imachik Verbo Paskashka shimiki Sílaba abierta
Imachikmanta llukshichik Deverbativo Patarik shimiku Morfemas Flexivos
Imachikpak llukshichik shimiku Derivación verbal Raykuchik yuyay Oración causal
Imachikpak patariy Flexión verbal Rikchay awariy Morfología
Imak Sujeto Rikuchik shuti Sustantivo concreto
Imallichik yuyayki Frase adverbial Rikuchik shutilli Adjetivo demostrativo
Imallichik Adverbio Rikuchik shutiranti Pronombre demostrativo
Imashina shutilli Adjetivo calificativo Rikuchikpacha Modo indicativo
Imashinayachik Modo Rimay Fonética
Imawan piwanpash Instrumental y comitativo Runa shutiranti Pronombre personal
Kachachik Imperativo Rurakuk yuyay Oración en voz activa
Kachachik yuyay Oración imperativa Sami Clase
Kasilla kak yuyay Oración en voz pasiva Sapalla Singular
Kimirishka yuyay Oración subordinada Sapalla shimiki Sílaba vocálica
Kuchik maymanyachik Dativo y direccional Sapi Raíz
Kunan pacha Tiempo presente Sasa yuyay Oración compuesta
Kuska imallichik Adverbio de lugar Shamuchik Hablativo
Llukshichik shimiku Morfema derivativo Shamuk pacha Tiempo futuro
Llukshichik Derivacional Shimi shimiyuk Lingüista
Mallkichiy Hacer expansiones Shimi awariy Estructura de la palabra
Mananik yuyay Oraciones negativas Shimi Palabra, idioma
Manarikuchik shuti Sustantivo abstracto Shimikamak Lexema
Mana yallichik imachik Verbo intransitivo Shimiki Sílaba
104 105
Shimiku Morfema Yallichik imachik Verbo transitivo
Shukllalla pacha Tiempo simple Yallishka Pasado
Shuktakyachik Modificador Yallishka pacha Tiempo pretérito
Shunku Núcleo Yaparik shimi Lengua aglutinante
Shuti sapi Raíz nominal Yaparik shimiku Sufijo, morfema
Shuti shimikamak Lexema nominal Yupay Numeral
Shuti yuyayki Frase nominal Yupay shutilli Adjetivo numeral
Shuti Nombre Yupaypa awariy Estructura de la oración
Shutilli Adjetivo Yuyay Oración
Shutilli yuyay Oraciones adjetivales Yuyay awariy Oración sintáctica
Shutin Afirmativo Yuyayki Frase
Shutin imallichik Adverbio de afirmación Yuyaylla Oraciones simples
Shutin yuyay Oración afirmativa Suyu shutilli Adjetivo indefinido
Shutipak llukshichik shimiku Derivación nominal Suyu shutiranti Pronombres indefinidos
Shutipak patariy Flexivos nominal Suyu shutiranti Pronombre indefinido
Shutiranti Pronombre
Sinchichik Acento
Sinchiyachik Enfatizador
Sinchiyachik pacha Enfático
Tapuchik shutiranti Pronombre interrogativo
Taririklla paktachik Complemento circunstancial
Tawka Plural
Tawkayachiy Pluralización
Tikray shimiki Sílaba inversa
Tinkichik Conectores
Tinkirishka yuyay Oración coordinada
Tukuy shuti Sustantivo común
Urmayachik Caso
Uyantin Consonantes
Uyay awariy Fonología
Uyaywa Vocal
Yalli paktachiy Complemento directo
106 107
YANAPAK KAMUKUNA
108 109
110