Dr Podcast Scripts for the Primary FRCACAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City ‘Cambridge University Press ‘The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB? 8RU, UK Published in the Us Press, New York «States of America by Cambridge University www.cambridgeorg Information on this tithe: www.cambridge.org/9781107401013 ©R.A Leslie, E, K, Johnson and A. P. L. Goodwin 2011 ‘This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and (o the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-107-4010 1-3 Paperback ‘Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the jstence or accuracy of URLs for extemal or third-party internet ites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in prepating this publication to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication, Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use.Contents List of contributors page xi Consultant Reviewing Panel xii Proface xiii Acknowledgements xiv 1 — Physiology Respiratory physiology 1 1.1.1 Lung volumes and control of breathing 1 Emily K Johnson 1.12. Respiratory compliance and surface tension 4 Rebecca A Leslie 1.13 Ventilation, perfusion and dead-space 8 Rebecca A Leslie 1.14 Alveolar gas equation and shunt 14 Rebecca A Leslie 1.15 Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 20 Joy M Sanders 1.1.6 Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve 22 Caroline SG Janes 1.17 Altitude physiology 27 Caroline SG Janes 1.2 Cardiovascular physiology 30 1.2.1 Cardiaccycle 30 Rebecca A Leslie 1.22 Coronary circulation 35 Sarah F Bell 1.23 Pacemakercells 39 Natasha A Joshi 1.24 Valsalvamanceuvre 44 Sarah F Bell Es 1.25 Exercise physiology 47 Emily K Johnson Physiology of the central, peripheral and autonomic Nervoussystems 52 1.3.1 Cetebral circulation 52 Emily K Johnson 13.2 CSF 59 Sarah F Bell 1.3.3 Blood-brain bartier 61 Rebecca A Leslie 13.4 Action potentials 64 Rebecca A Leslie 135 Spinalcord 67 Natasha A Joshi 13.6 Reflexarc 71 Emily K Johnson 13.7 The autonomic nervous system and adrenoceptors 74 Rebecca A Leslie Physiology of the neuromuscular junction 79 1.4.1 Neuromuscular junction 79 Emily K Johnson 14.2 Muscle physiology 83 Dana L Kelly Fluids and renal physiology 88 15.1 Fluid balance 88 Rebecca A Leslie Copyrighted material