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GEOMECANICA APLICADA AL 
PLANEAMIENTO Y EXPLOTACION 
DE YACIMIENTOS EN MINERIA 
SUBTERRANEA
Dr. Vidal Navarro Torres
Consultor Intercade
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I. PLANEAMIENTO 
DE EXPLOTACION SUBTERRANEA

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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EL PLANEAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE PLANEAMIENTO
 Planning is the process to get the right material out of the mine at the right time
to obtain the lowest possible cost per unit of final commodity product in order to
fulfil the business targets of the company

 With the right. Planning is divided into two major segments, often classified as
strategic or operational:

• Strategic planning is the broadest, highest level, and longest term effort
concerned with defining the objectives of the firm—where the firm wants to
go and how it will get there.
• Operational planning, often relates to the activities of the organization that
concern he near term, but its primary focus is controlling the actions to
achieve the stated objectives.
objectives

 Planning may also be further described as long‐range, intermediate‐range and

short‐range. The distinctions result from the time frame covered, individuals
involved, and activities incorporated in each type. Needless to say, these many
classifications of planning may be confusing, because they often overlap, and
definitions may vary from company to company.
3 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

LA ESTRUCTURA DEL PLANEAMIENTO DE MINA

Planning
Planning
Controlling

Organizing

<1 year
Functions Strategio Operational 1 – 5 years
of
Time Span - Long Term >10 yeras - Short and intermediate Term
Management
Performed By Mission Objetives - Operating Management
- Mission,
Establishes - Mission, Objetives - Action to Achieve
Mission & Objectives
Implementing

4 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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PLANEAMIENTO A LARGO, MEDIO Y CORTO PLAZO
 Long-range plans, can set the direction of the enterprise and may be
analogous to strategic planning (more to five years). These plans focus
on the mission, objectives, and strategies of the company, but also
influence and guide intermediate-
intermediate and short
short-range
range operational planning.

 Intermediate-range plans, this planning provides the means for

achieving the mission and long-term goals. The plans, depending on the
company’s definition of short-term planning, usually have an outlook of two
to five years.

 Short-range plans, cover a span of one year or less. Ideally, these would
b geared
be d tto llong-term
t and
d intermediate-term
i t di t t programs as wellll as th
the
overall strategic plan. Here investment funds, revenues, production, and
activities can be budgeted with a more reliable degree of accuracy and can
be measured on quarterly or more frequent bases.

5 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

INFORMACION TECNICA NECESARIA PARA EL PLANEAMIENTO
DE EXPLOTACION
 Geológica y geotécnica:
• Topografia del terreno y de las bocas de sondages;
• Dimensiones del área a ser explotado;
• Buzamiento, morfologia, ley
Buzamiento morfologia ley de corte, grado de alteración
de corte grado de alteración del macizo;
• Comportamiento geotécnico del macizo rocoso.
 Información estrutural:
• Profundidade de cobertura de roca;
• Estructura de las rocas encajantes y del depósito;
• Leyes del metal principal y de los subprodutos.
 Información económica:
• Reservas probadas, probables
Reservas probadas probables e inferidas;
e inferidas;
• Regalias y lucros;
• Localización de la mina en relación a las vias de transporte;
• Situación política local, regional, nacional e internacional;
• Costos y valorizaciones de mineral. 

6 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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PLANEAMENTO CICLICO DE MINA
CICLICAL MINE PLANNING
Geological model - Resources Optimisation inputs Production constraints
Mining methods and layout
Geotechnical
Geotechnical engineering Hydrogeological
Metallurgical engineering Processing
Extraction strategy
Geographical information
Loss and dilution factors Terrain
Cost - mining / processing / other Climate
Commodity price regional information
Optimisation Work schedule
Labour availability / productivity
Whittle
Political / safety situation
DRO Mine design Religion
Final pit Operational information
Underground layout Maintenance
Equipment selection Availability / Efficiency
Feedback Supply lines

Reconciliation - Evaluation of KPI´s

Variability compared with budget
Changing input parameters
Resources (exploration)
Production shcedule - Reserves
Loss and dilution factors
LoM / Annual / Monthly weekly plans
Commodity price
Optimization on NPV / recovery Financial model
Cost (external/actuals)
Fixed and mobile equipment schedule NPV, IRR, PP, DPP, PI
Availability / Efficiency / Productivity Vizualisation Cash flow
Production constraints Capital plan
Cash flow / discount rate Taxes, Royalties
Equity / loans
Sensitivity analysis
Risk analysis
Business plan
Operation Operational plan

7 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

MODELAMIENTO DEL DEPOSITO MINERAL

8 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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MODELAMIENTO DE LOS ACCESOS Y SECUENCIA DE 
EXPLOTACION

9 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

PLAN DE DESARROLLO Y EXPLOTACION
Design and Schedule 

• Gemcom/Surpac and MineSched
• Datamine and Mine 24D
• Maptek – Vulcan and Chronos

Other design software

• Mintec – MineSight
• GMSI – mineCAD
• Promine

Russian programs: Digimine, Geomix
Stratiform deposits : Minex

Generic Scheduling programs: Minemax – iGantt, Runge – XPAC

Information processing : Xemplex

10 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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EXEMPLO DA MINA DE TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐ BRASIL

11 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

EXEMPLO PLANEAMIENTO EN LA TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐
BRASIL

12 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE PRODUCCION
100
80 0,25
60 VOE (Años) = 6,5 )Reservas-Mt) . (1 + 0,2)
10
RITMO ANUAL DE PRODUCCION (Mt. / a)

10
8

NORTEAMERICA
2
SLIDAMERICA
ASI Y OCEANIA
EUROPA
AFRICA
0.8
REGLA DE TAYLOR

0.4

0.2

0.1
0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1000 2000 4000 9000 0000
RESERVAS DE MINERAL (Mt.)

13 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO
 Ritmo óptimo de producción (ROP)

ROP (t/año) = 4.22 (Reservas – t) 0.756
Limites de aplicación:

50.000 (t/año)< Ritmo anual < 6.000.000 t/año 

 Valor óptimo de explotación (VOE)
A. Cobre
VOE (Años) = 5.35. ( Reservas – Mt)0.273

n = 68 minas C. Plomo ‐ cinc

r = 0.82  VOE (Años) = 7.61. ( Reservas – Mt)0.276
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B. Oro n = 10 minas
VOE (Años) = 5.08. ( Reservas – Mt)0.31 r = 0.80 

n = 36 minas
r = 0.81 
14 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

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CONSULTANCY & TRAINING
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TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO
nversión y e producción ‐‐ $/t
Costos de in

Capacidad de producción de mineral – t/ano

15 I. Planeamiento  de explotación subterránea

INTERCADE www.intercade.org
CONSULTANCY & TRAINING