Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy THIRD EDITION Cc. N. BANWELL Lecturer in Chemistry University of Sussex McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY London - New York + St Louis - San Francisco Auckland « Bogota Caracas - Lisbon - Madrid - Mexico - Milan - Montreal New Delhi - Panama - Paris - San Juan - Sio Paulo - Singapore Sydney » Tokyo - TorontoPublished by McGRAW-HILL Book Company Europe SHOPPENHANGERS ROAD - MAIDENHEAD - BERKSHIRE « SL62QL- ENGLAND TELEPHONE 0628 23432 - FAX 0628 770224 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Banwell, C.N. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy.—3rd ed. 1. Molecular Speqia.- - . me + Title i ‘ ; 535.84 deasime y ! ! a ISBN 0-07-084139-%° ae oa 4 . : 5 Library of Congréss Cataloging! Publication Data 7%), 4 Banwell,C.N. $ Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Molecular spectra. I. Title. QD96.M65B36 1983 $35.84 82-23949 ISBN 0-07-084139-x Ap patent ay sw : Copyright © 1972, 1983 McGraw-Hill International (UK) Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of McGraw-Hill International (UK) Limited. 10 PB 94 Typeset by Santype International Ltd., Salisbury, Wilts. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Page Bros, NorwichCONTENTS List of Tables Preface Introduction ay a 34. 1.1 Characterization of Electromagnetic Radiation 1.2 The Quantization of Energy 1.3 Regions of the Spectrum 1.4 Representation of Spectra 1.5 Basic Elements of Practical Spectroscopy 1.6 Signal-to-Noise: Resolving Power 1.7 The Width and Intensity of Spectral Transitions 1.8 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 1.9 Enhancement of Spectra: Computer Averaging 1.10 Stimulated Emission: Lasers Problems Microwave Spectroscopy 2.1 The Rotation of Molecules 2.2. Rotational Spectra 2.3. Diatomic Molecules 2.4 Polyatomic Molecules 40 40 42 43