Ain Mens ~ Sts Chapter 8 Friction 8.1 Introduction in engineering application problem, there are no perfectly frictionless surface exists ‘when two surface are in contact, tangential forces, called fiction forces, ‘Will always develop ifone attempt to move with respect tothe other ‘wo types of fiction are introduced : dry fection (Coulomb ftition) and uid tition fluid friction develops between layers of fui, they are moving at different velocities ‘ve shall limit out present study to dy friction, ie. problems involving rigid bodies which are in contact along nonlubricated surfaces, such as wedges, square-threaded screws, journal bearing, thrust bearing, rolling resistance, belt fiction ete. 8.2 The Laws of Dry Friction, Coefficients of Frietion considera block of weight W” subjected to a horizontal force P, if P is smal, the block will not move, the static fition force F willy exist to balance P 5 if P increased, F also increased, until its magnitude reaches a certain ‘maximum value Fy, if P is further increased, the frition force cannot balance it, the block starts sliding, and the magnitude of F drops from Fa toa lower value Fy, [where Fy is called kinetic friction force, Fy remains approximately constant, and the block sliding with increasing velocity}Applied Medhanis Sates experimental evidence shows Fis proportional "/"™*™") “ee tov ie. wn ‘where j. is a constant called coefficient of static fiction, and Nis the normal reaction force also R= mN ‘where ja, is a constant called coefficient of kinetic friction J and 4, do not depend upon the contact area, but depend strongly on the nature of the surface in contact the values of 1, ate listed in table 8-1 ‘x would be about 25% smaller than ji, in general pis and jx, are dimensionless four different situations may occur when a rigid body is in contact with a horizontal surface 1. no friction force Py 2. no motion PX Fa there is nat evidence that the maximum friction force has been reached Ft kya pn 3. motion impending a if the body just about to slide, F = Fa “ aN may be used (ese geting —e =F)Ald Meanie Statin another example will show that the angle of fiiction can be used, consider ‘a block resting on a board and subjected to no other force than W and R 1. 6 =0 no friction 2O<% N= Weos@ = Wsind tang = F/N = cos 0/sind = tan < tang, ie @ <4 —nomotion 3.0= N= Weos@ F = Wsind tang = F/N = c05 0/ sin = tan = tan ds = a F= Fao to stp rea ie. $=, motion impending — 4.0 > 4 N= Weos@ Fam = Fa = N= Ntan gf < Ntan Fax < Wsinh motion starts FoR iN i R is not vertical, force acting on block are unbalanced 8.4 Problems Involving Dry Friction problems involving dry ffiction are found in many engineering applications rigid bodies in acceleration will be studied in dynamics 8-4