Here we detail about the following useful terms in irrigation outlet, i.e.

, (1)
Module, (2) Semi-Module, (3) Flexibility, (4) Proportionality and Proportional
Module, (5) Setting, (6) Hyper Proportionality, (7) Sub-Proportionality, (8)
Sensitivity, (9) Drowning Ratio, (10) Efficiency of Outlet, and Others.

1. Module:
It is a type of irrigation outlet which discharges constant quantity into the field
channel irrespective of the available working head. Working head being the
difference in water levels of the parent channel and that of the field channel.

2. Semi-Module:
It is that irrigation outlet in which discharge is dependent on the water level in
the parent channel. However, it is independent of the fluctuation of water level in
the field channel.

3. Flexibility:
It provides a criteria for judging the behaviour of modules and semi- modules. It
is generally denoted by letter �F�. It is the ratio of the rate of change of outlet
discharge to the rate of change of discharge of the parent channel.
4. Proportionality and Proportional Module:
Proportionality is said to have been achieved if flexibility �F� for a module is
equal to unity. The module is then said to be proportional module. It is a type of
semi-module in which the rate of change of outlet discharge is equal to the rate of
change of parent channel discharge. Thus, for the proportional outlet
5. Setting:
It is the second criteria for judging the behaviour of modules and semi- modules.
It is the ratio of the depth of sill of a module below the FSL of the parent
channel to the FS depth of the parent channel.

Obviously H/D represents setting

6. Hyper-Proportionality:
When flexibility is greater than one, the setting H/D has to be less than m/n
because F = m/n. D/H.

When F > 1 the outlet is called hyper-proportional outlet.

7. Sub-Proportionality:
Similarly when F < 1 the setting H/D has to be more than m/n.

Thus, when F < 1 the outlet is called sub-proportional outlet.

8. Sensitivity:
It is a third criteria for judging the behaviour of semi-module and modules. It is
generally denoted by letter S. It is the ratio of the rate of change of outlet
discharge to the rate of change of water level of the parent channel when referred
to the normal depth of water in the parent channel.

It can be stated by mathematical expression as follows

9. Drowning Ratio:
It is the ratio the depth of water over the crest on the downstream side to the
depth of water over the crest on the upstream side.

10. Efficiency of Outlet:

It is a measure of conservation of head by an outlet. Efficiency is given by the
ratio of head retained by an outlet to the head acting on the outlet.

In weir outlet the efficiency is same as the drowning ratio. An outlet which
functions with minimum working head can be considered to be more efficient.
11. Minimum Modular Head:
It is the minimum head required to keep an outlet operative.

12. Modular Limits or Modular Range:

The upper and lower limits of any one or more outlet design parameters beyond which
an outlet becomes inoperative (e.g., a module or semi-module specify the modular
limits or modular range). Obviously a semi- module or a module has to be
necessarily designed within the modular range to make it successful.

13. Non-Modular Outlet:

It is that type of outlet in which discharge is directly dependent on the working
head