Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Detention of Patients in Nigerian Hospitals:

Relief or Punishment?
1
Hosea Nakina Martins, 2Demas Sams Sarki, 3Joy Isaiah Tonga
Department of Christian Religious Studies
Taraba State University
Jalingo, PMB1167, Taraba State Nigeria.

Abstract:- The practice of detaining patients especially
in clinics, maternities and hospitals for non payment or
completion of their medical bills or to observe their
health being for better medication, hike their bills,
punish them like that is a very clear omen that raises
the concern of many to see the act as purely motivated
and encouraged as a punishment or a relief . Patients
are believed to go to these medical health centers with
the hope that their deteriorated healthy conditions
would be revitalized if they adhere to medical rules and
settled their bills. This paper seeks to do justice to the
two sides as indicated here “relief or punishment”.
Primary and secondary sources of data collections were
used to accessed information in building the research
work. The research also examined core reasons behind
the practice of detention of patients in Nigerian
medical health centres which include : lack of money,
total refusal or non availability of resources to settle
for such bills or just to hike medical bills of patients or
just to aid in restoring the health of patients from
deterioting. The paper also seeks to examine the root
causes of patient’s detention in Nigerian hospitals,
clinics and maternities which is been regarded on the
other way round to mean a relief or a punishment. It
also examines some of the resultant consequences of
such practice which has some benefits on both patients
and medical personnels. The work also discovered
that, if there is a better working relationship among
patients and medical personnels, it will go along way in
resolving the crises occurring between the duo, and It
will help to promote better human health management.
It is the hope of this paper to strike a moral balance
on the term “ punishment” as it is be been caused by
both patients and medical personnels, which is been
considered un- healthy when carried out negatively on
patients. The term “punishment” is either caused by
patients themselves or by medical personnels, who out
of sheer inhuman feelings carried it. Hence, it is not
right for patients not to be detained if their health
conditions require that, or when they failed to settled
their bills . If patients are detained just to hike their
bills or to frustrate them by medical personnels is a
total punishment. Medical personnels should ensure
that patients are well treated and not detained without
any moral ground, which will worsen their health
condition rather than ameliorate it. If patients are
detained on no good ground, it facilitates in
deteriorating their health conditions and sometimes
they even die of frustration and could be termed a
punishment and not a relief. Refusing to settled
hospital, maternity and clinic bills, such institutions are
impeded for lack of funds to run them. On the other
hand, detention is being carried out for the benefits of
the patient’s well-being and not to punish them. The
paper profered some recommendations which include:
let there be mutual trust between patients and medical
personnels. Patients should try to redeem or settle their
medical bills so as to avoid been detained unjustly. Also,
they should respect any detention imposed on them for
the sake of their well-being by health personnels. Well
and meaningful individuals should assist patients who
cannot afford to settle their medical bills so as to
ameliorate their hardships. Medical personnels should
be kind hearted to patients. They should respect their
profession and try to treat patients with kindness, and
not devise means of exploiting or punishing them in the
other way round . Also, patients should try to cooperate
with medical personnels so as to reap the benefits of the
duo relationship If such are adhered by patients and
medical personnel, it will help in fostering better
doctor and patient’s relationships in the medical
profession, which would be seen as a relief and not a
punishment in its entirety.
Keywords:- Medical, Detention, Patients,
Relief and Punishment.
I. INTRODUCTION
All human societies have belief system that people
turn to in order to identify disease and effect a
cure(Lehmann and Meyers,2001:150). Good wellbeing is
what every body desire to have at all cost. Every body tries
to see a doctor when ever he or she is sick.The doctor is the
intermediary between the sick and the ultimate healer(God).
There are various health centers such as hospitals,
maternities and clinics which are springing up daily in
Nigeria as a result of high demand for physical well being
by patients. Patients sought for medical attention from
hospitals, clinics and maternities in order for them to be
sound and hearty to go about their normal activities.
However, prior to the coming of Christian missionaries to
Nigeria, there have been in existence herbalists, who treat
patients of various illnesses and charged them some money,
animal or food stuff in compensation for services rendered.

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Volume 4, Issue 5, May – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
It is interesting to note that, with the coming of
orthodox medicine, highly facilitated medical centers are
been established with highly trained professionals to address
health challenges of patients around. Medicine proffers a
wholistic approach to the problem of ill-health and diseases
(Shishima,2014:100).There is high improvement on medical
diagnosis of patients, which are sprinking up daily in some
places, where they can serve needs of the people. Many
patients today go for their medication in these health
centers, clinics, hospitals and maternities ranging from child
delivery, physical and psychological well-being.
Some worrisome issues in this article pertain to
Nigerian medical centres having a sour relationship with
patients due to some factors which culminate in detaining
the sick either for good or bad of the patients and medical
personnel’s interest. These patients are supposed to be cared
for, but often at times they are ill-treated, frustrated and
subjected to mental trauma due to their in ability to pay or
settle for medical bills or they are detained on ground of
studying and proffering solutions to their health conditions,
which some patients never appreciate. Some times patients
are detained for good or bad.
Detention of patients is no longer news in Nigeria ,
but is obtainable in African medical health centres, where
detention of patients by hospital management are
necessitated out of some reasons to either hike bills, punish
or study and improve the health conditions of patients.
Unjust detention of patients is highly condemnable while on
other hand it is been carried out to improve health
conditions of the sick as a relief. Sometimes patients who
failed to settle their medical bills are being detained and not
discharged or given complete dose of their medication until
they settled such outstanding bills or their condition gets
better.
This experience subjects some patients to view such
an act of detention in what could be termed punishment or
relief. The negative aspect of detaining patients accelerates
in deteriorating their health conditions, who are supposed to
be cared( Punarimang, 2018).These duo positions are going
to be taken into cognizance as the researcher tries to
examine detention of patients in Nigeria hospitals, clinics
and maternities as punishment or relief? This practice has
left good and bad impression on both patients and medical
personnels depending on the rationale behind the emergence
and continuity of such punishment or relief. The paper seeks
to profer solutions to the duo positions that pertain to
patients’ detention by medical personnels, which is been
viewed as punishment or relief.
II. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Medication
Connected with illness and injury and their treatment
(Hornby,2001: 733).
 Detention
The State of being kept in a place, especially a prison,
and prevented from leaving (Hornby,2001:317). “It is also
refers to the non release of patients after medical treatment
a deceased body”(dailypost.ng 2018,Dec.17).
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Patients
Patients are, or believe themselves to be in need of
care and attention by pulling themselves in the hand of
doctor or hospitals, they voluntarily subject themselves to
other in the belief that by so doing, they will benefit
(Duncan and Welbourn, 1997:323).
III. HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Hospital Management is one of the essential social
and medical organizations whose essence, duty of
existence and responsibilities is to provide smooth and
better running of such health care institution(s). It is also
for the population complete health care, both curative and
preventive and whose out patient’s service reach out to the
family and its home environment. The hospital
management sets the apparatus for the center for the
training of health workers and for biosocial research.
The management is charged with the act of
equipping the hospitals, clinics and maternities with drugs
and hospital equipment. It is also charged with the
employment of highly placed personnels to manage the
affairs of the hospital in all strata. Hospital management is
a great task shouldered on the entire management, who are
a team, who ensure all that are needed for the proper
functioning of the hospital are put in place.
A. Doctors and Patients’ Relationship
This is a kind of connection between two or more
individuals; between a physician and the sick. The doctor is
therefore for the sick person, and the sick person is there for
the doctor to take care of him or her. Both patients and
doctors need the cordiality of one another. To compliment
doctors and patients’ relationship, it is done in every cordial
manner of trust and love, which facilitate smooth mediating
administration and relationship.
Doctors and patients’ relationship is very important
aspect in patients’ diagnosis or treatment. Thus, patients
must have confidence in the physician, and the physician
must give hope to the patient. For most physicians,
establishing a
good rapport with the patients is very important aspect of
diagnosis.According to Holmboe and Durning, “most
physicians, the establishment of good rapport emphasizes
the physician-patient relationship more than others such as
in psychiatry and family medicine” (23).
Doctor-patients’ relationship is one of the special areas
that requires trust and confidences from the duo. The
standard of expertise and professional conduct among the
medical professionals should ideally be such that patients
believe that the treatment they will get is the best suited for
their own interest (not necessarily on the interest of society
at large; since no patient would like to think that his or her
doctor might sacrifice him to the general good (Duncan and
Dunstan,1997: 323).
Most universities teach students from the beginning,
even before they set foot in hospital, to maintain a
professional rapport with patients, uphold patient’s dignity
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and respect their privacy. The quality of doctorpatients
relationship is important to both patients. This relationship is
built in terms of mutual respect, tender hearted, knowledge,
trust and assistance. The doctor and patients value and
perspectives about diseases, life and time available play
good role in fostering this relationship (Holmboe and
Durning, 9). When people are ill, they are inclined to regard
their doctors as God-like and able to work miracles, and to
be regarded on the doctors’ side, the very person
relationship with the patients credence to good medical
diagnosis and recovery from treatable diseases.
B. Types of Detention
As far as detention is concerned in health care
institutions and among patients, it has been clearly
categorized into two forms according to this paper, namely:
 Long Term Detention:
This is a kind of detention where by patients are
detained or not allowed to leave the hospital for a very long
period of time until they are able to settled their debts or
hospital bills. However, these patients are kept in a long
duration pending when their bill are settled or their health
condition improve. According to Hickey: “Many patients
need expert medical advice or operation or long term
hospital stay (87).
 Short Term Detention:
In short term detention, patients are detained for a
very short while. These patients do not exceed longer days
or weeks, depending on the period required of them by the
medical team, or when soon they settled their bills or their
health condition improve.
C. Resultant Causes of Detention of Patients
Many people often think that patients should not be
detained due to their ill-health condition. While the
resultant causes of detention of some patients are been
attributed to a lot of factors which are been put into
consideration, and some are below examined:
According to Hamuel, a patient interviewed says:
“Some patients and their family members are not
serious to clear or settle their medical bills. They keep
pleading and failing to their promises, and this has
pushed many medical personnel not to attend to them”
(2018).
There is lack of seriousness on the part of patients
and kinsmen to put things in place, and this protracts or
leads to detention of such patients under medical
personnel’s custody. There is refusal and negligence on
patients to pay or procure required medical equipment
like drugs, syringe and host of others. Unsettled hospital
charges result to detention of patients by the management.
Some of the patients stubbornly refuse to adhere to
instructions which could lead to improving their health
being. This often led to their detention bytes billshospital
management until they settle their bills or their conditions
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
are certified before they are discharged from the hospitals,
clinics and maternities.
Kuku reiterated a similar incident thus:
“My sister was hospitalized in one of the clinics and was
diagnosed of some related illnesses and was told to pay
for additional bills, which she was not having the money
to pay. She was detained for some days before I went
and settled the remaining bill before her treatment
was concluded and was later discharged” (2018).
A similar incident was reported thus:
A sickle cell patient Onyiye Ezeanyika died in a mission
hospital in Onitsha after being detained by the hospital
management over unpaid accumulated bill. She was
detained for one year and six month by the hospital
after she and her family were unable to pay bill of #1.2
Million given by the hospital, and she died while she
was held hostage by the management ( dailypost.ng 17
Dec 2018).
Some patients exhibit high sense of stubbornness and
refusal to settle certain bills of their medication or adhere to
be attained or stay for some times in order to improve their
health condition in these clinics, hospitals or maternities.
However, despite the fact that their money is incomplete ,
they are pitied and given the drugs or medications on ground
of, “if they get the remaining money, they can bring it”.
Frustratingly, many patients failed to redeem the pledge as
stated, even if they get the money or asked to stay for some
times so that their health conditions would be examined
they wouldn’t want, and this has been one of the causes of
their detention in hospitals, clinics and maternities today.
There is high rate of ignorance coming from some of
the patients, on some medical rules guiding the existence
and running of such medical institution, some of these
conditions necessitate detaining patients for the good of
their health. Such ignorant attitude let to their being detained
by the hospital management( Vahme,2019). Ignorance is a
disease, many patients appeared in such a state and lack full
knowledge of the running of the medical institutions. There
is also lack of assistance coming from meaningful
individuals to assist patients who couldn’t settle their
medication bills.
It is pathetic when I met a young man in his early 30’s
in one of the clinics around, who has been bitten by sick but
tried and brought himself to hospital, paid more than half of
the required bills, but was impeded for lack of Two
Thousand Naira Only (N2,000) to complete his medical bills
which was required by the management and discharged. He
said “I have exhausted my reach, I don’t have any body
here, and I have refused been discharged because of Two
Thousand Naira Only. I thank God, a good Samaritan came
and cleared my medical bills and left, and I was later told by
one of the nurses that you are lucky, some one had cleared
your bills and I left happily if not, we would have made
some gains from you”( Anonymous,2018).
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Many sick people today lack assistance to pay or
complete their medical bills, and such is an ugly scenario
which has led them to be detained by the hospital
management. While some patients are been detained on just
ground to help improve their health conditions. These
aforementioned reasons are responsible for the detention of
most patients today in Nigerian hospitals, maternities,
clinics both by government and private today in
Nigeria(Aliyu, 2019). Some patients failed to redeem the
pledges as promised the management, and when treated and
discharged, they no longer return to clear or settled their
outstanding bills until when they fall sick again and brought
to same hospital that they are been detained for their
outstanding bills. Some patients are left to die un-attended
because they failed to redeem their pledges as promised.
This act of ungodliness has pushed medical personnels to
detain such patients, and their health conditions worsened to
something very pathetic in the eyes of sympathizers.
D. Detention of Patients r: Punishment or Reliefs?
Detention of patients in Nigerian hospitals, clinics and
maternities is no longer a strange news on the ears of the
victims and people around. Patients are been detained
simply because some of them are unable to settled their
hospitals bills (Brikci and Philips, 33). This practice of
detaining patients in hospitals, clinics and maternities is
found to feature predominantly in public and private health
centers. There seems to be wide societal acceptance in
certain areas where level of education is very low, and it is
assumed that the rights of these patients are exposed to
being detained and made to feel vulnerable. However,
medical detention is been regarded as a total punishment if
carried out on negative ground. If detention of patients is
carried out for the good of patient, it is indeed a relief. If
patients are detained and expect to be treated freely
without being charged for such services received, then their
detention is on good basis. Patients who failed to pay their
bills, they won’t be condoned or treated in some of these
private and public hospitals, clinic and maternities because,
without money proper functioning of these instutions
would not be smooth and possible. Even though the essence
of detention is to help improve the health situation of
patients, persuade patience to adhere to treatment by
paying their bills. If detention is carried out on this ground
to improve the well-being of the patients is a relief indeed..
However, today in some quarters, it is been carried on
negative ground of exploitation and punishment instead of
offering relief or solution to the patient’s health. Detention
in this work shall be examined respectfully on the negative
and positive aspects of its existence as they affects the duo
relationship( patients and health personnels).
Detention of patients has indeed become a
punishment depending on the rationale behind detaining
such patients in some of these hospitals, clinics and
maternities. Some patients on no moral reasons are being
detained for some hours, days or months for not been able
to settle their bills. Sometimes, these patients are being
detained due to their slow medical response or for the
selfish interests of such medical personnels to hike their
bills. These patients sometimes are detained without moral
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
ground which is been regarded as punishment. However,
this practice as observed happens in public and private
health centres, and has been the concern among health
workers and patients today. Detention of patients without
any cogent reason is a punishment which traumatizes
them, prolonged their ill health, frustrate them and even
aggravate their health condition. Detention of patients, if
done on the interest of trying to raise more funds for the
hospital, or inflict pains on the patients is indeed a
punishment. In this circumstance, it is the patient that
suffers at the end. A clear instance was when my niece
was detained in one of the hospitals because she was
unable to settle her bills, which we settled. But the hospital
management still insist in detaining her, and even adding
extra fee, which we paid, after some days she was later
discharged(Bondi,2018). In some instances, “we patients
are the remote causes of such detention. We refused to pay
or cooperate with hospital management even our health
conditions required been detained for some good day, and
that is why we are meted with punishment” (Nzaala,2019).
Some patients are detained on no just ground just for them
to pay extra bills to the management of such hospitals,
clinics and maternities for the benefits of the patients.
According to a news published by Vanguard. Com “
Hospital detention of patient is a punishment, I quote “I
was admitted on 8th April, 2017 and discharged on the 27th
August, 2017. But prevented from going home due to my
failure to pay up the balance of my bills of about 313,
900”. Therefore, hospital detention in the case of Nigeria is
purely an abuse and a punishment as conceived under the
pretense of offering a smooth health running to patients. “I
was detained in Zing General Hospital for many hours
when I accidentally cut one of my right big toes; my
money was remaining N 1,200 even though, I called a
friend after I might have spent more than the hours to be
discharged, but refused until my friend send someone,
which the bills was settled and before I was
discharged”(Aaron,2018). My experience was very
traumatizing indeed, and there are many patients who are
victims of such an experience today.
Similarly, Ganja said that “I was detained for two
days in a maternity clinic in Yola even after my medical
bills was settled, they still added some days for me so as to
increase my bills, which accrued and I was not able to pay
until my uncle went and settled such bills before I was
discharged. However, I was detained for some frustrated
additional two days” which I consider it as a cheer
punishment (2019) . Patients are been detained by medical
personnels in various health centres across the country
today on just and unjust grounds. Similarly, some patients
are the resultant causes of their detention because; they
expect father Christmas from an institution that is being
run by funds which is very rare to obtain today. Detention
should be carried out on ground of medical improvement
of the patient’ well-being and not to subject them to
untold hardship known as “punishment” by hiking
unnecessary bills for them to pay due to detention.
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E. Consequences of Detention of Patients
There are resultant consequences of detention of
patients in Nigerian hospitals, clinics, and maternities.
Some of them are thus examined:
 Detention of some of patients has created a low esteem
for them, who are been relegated to suffer beyond
recognition or respected for failing to settle their pledges
or bills(Danjuma,2018).
 Health conditions of some patients get deteriorated; there
by leading to their early death especially when they
needed adequate and urgent attention before money
comes into play.
 Misunderstanding erupts between patients, relations and
management of those hospitals or clinics. Cordial doctor
to patients’ relationship is being affected and turn sour.
 The prestige of such hospitals, clinics and maternities is
tarnished beyond any recognizable doubt, leading to loss
of patronage and collapse of them, due to lack of
constant patronage by patients (Ardo, 2019).
 These hospitals, clinics and maternities often stand the
chance of been closed down because, they are been
impeded for lack of funds to run the clinics, maternities
and hospitals. This create a hitch, due to lack of money
realised to pay for tax to the Government.
 Human life is the first thing any medical personnel
should try to save. But money has been given topmost
priority to saving lives among medical personnels. Lost
of lives have been recorded daily and this has
contributed in affecting the quality of life of patients and
even economic and religious growth of their families and
nation’s economic output.
F. Benefits of Detention of Patients
Detention of patients has a lot of benefits, which some
of them are outlined below:
 It helps the management to run the hospitals, clinics and
maternities very well by not running on deficit, which
will later result in the collapse of the institution for
lack.
 The detention of patients helped doctors to know and
study the health progress of the patients, thereby giving
them adequate care.
 It helps patients to know that medication administered
on them need to be paid, because without paying such
bills, they are left to suffer and the hospital, clinic or
maternity suffer much set back for lack of funds to run
the systems.
 Detention helps in punishing stingy patients, who have
the money to pay for their medical bills but refused to,
and there is need to pay for such bills before they are
discharged from such clinics, maternities or hospitals.
 Detention also helps the hospital management to make
huge profit by detaining patients for some days, which
increases their financial strength (Aaron, 2019).
 Detention benefit patients by attracting sympathizers to
assist them in some facets areas of needs while in the
hospitals, clinics and maternities.
 It helps in creating friendly ties with doctors, nurses
and patients.
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 Patients on detention devise means on how to sustain
themselves or learn some skills. For example in ECWA
Evangel Hospital Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Patients
are taught various skills acquisition to enable them help
themselves in life, and many prefer to stay for longer
time in order to acquire skills even after their diagnosis.
 Many relations of patients and doctors find hospitals,
clinics and maternities as an avenues for doing
business especially on fruits, food stuff and other
related goods. These goods are sold at these places
because of the number of sick and the attendants (
patients relations, doctors and nurses, who patronize
them.
 Detentions of patients help both doctors and patients to
study, work and improve on their conditions. This is
done on delayed study period so as to determine the real
causes of such illness and to ensure that patients receive
the best and complete medication before they are being
discharged. Detention of patients need to be carried out
on good ground and not on bad ground.
IV. CONCLUSION
There are wide range of reports of experiences
patients passed through as a result of them being detained.
However, this could be shown, seen or heard of the ordeal
such people detained by medical personnels in various
hospitals, clinics and maternities faced today. Such
experiences are quite pathetic and horrific due to lack of
funds to complete or pay their medical bills. While some
detention of patients are for their benefits. Some of the
patients detained, are detained intentionally so that their
bed charges would accrue. Well, sometimes some patients
have the money to pay, but refused to settle for their drugs
or other benefits enjoyed. Health workers’ attitudes
sometimes toward patients, and patient’s attitudes toward
medical staff and medication are very pathetic experiences
in Nigeria today. The duo parties need complementarity so
as to be of great help to each other. Health is money, and
sick persons and their relations must try and cooperate with
hospital management so as to avoid been detained for
short and long term periods either for good or for bad. The
fact that a patient is not able to settled his/her medical bills,
he or she shouldn't be subjected to such a horrific
experience. Patients too, should not pushed doctors or
nurses to the wall by acting in an un-cordial manner, that
will lead to frustrating the hospital management or collapse
of the institutions resulting in worsening their health
conditions. Respect and cordial human relationship
between patients and doctors should be a watch word in
medical institutions which comprised of doctors, nurses,
patients and relatives. Patients and medical personnels
should work hand in hand so that there will be suitable
and better cordial human working relationship between the
duos in the medical institutions. Detention that is done with
good reasons by ensuring better wellbeing of the patients’
health conditions should not be seen as a punishment but a
relief.
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
RECOMMENDATIONS should be sanctioned immediately so as to serve as
 Patients should try and redeem or settle their bills so as deterrent to others .
to avoid been detained by hospital management, which Hospitals, clinics and maternities management should
constitutes in worsening their health conditions. make provisions of basic facilities so as not to give room
 Patients should as matter of urgency put in their best to for their staff to bring in their dubious and exploitative
respect medical conditions and rules governing the tendencies on the patients by detaining or punishing
running of medical institutions for effective health them on no good ground.
service delivery. They should also try as much as The essence of establishing any health care center is to
possible to settle their bills and adhere to medical rules save lives and not to punish patients by any dubious
so as to avoid been detained by health centres. Medical means in pretense of detaining them for good while is
personnel should try also to enhanced effective service for a punishment.
delivery in the medical profession.  Human right abuses are serious crimes against humanity;
 Patients rights should be respected so as to usher a new and campaigns by Government and non-Government
sense of hope for the patients and doctors relationship. bodies should be carried out by organizing seminars,
 Human right watch should keep a brace with the latest symposiums, debates, quiz on the needs for people to
happenings in hospitals, clinics and maternities and know their fundamental human rights and respect them
should try to ensure that the right of patients are in wherever they found themselves.
protected first before monetary attachment is brought
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such patients. Laboratory Examination-Physician, Medical,
 Hospital management should try and adhere strictly in Symptoms, and Obtained-JRANK Articles htt.//
tackling exploitation of patients by their staff under the science.jrank.org/pages/2048/Diagnosis.htm/NIx22541
pretense of detaining patients for completion of their 4v In S G. Retrieved on 18th January,2018.
medications. If any exploitative staff is found, he or she
LIST OF INFORMANTS
SR. No. NAME SEX AGE PLACE DATE OCCUPATION
1 Aaron,Nyanbon. Male 39 Numan 4/11/18 Driver
2 Ardo,Umaru. Male 53 Serti 22/12/19 Herdsman
3 Anonymous Male 43 Mubi 22/8/18 Teacher
4 Bondi,Salamatu Female 42 J/Yola 28/12/18 Housewife
5 Hamuel, Apollos Male 51 Zing 14/4/18 Student
6 Kuku, Christiana Female 47 Iware 17/8/18 Farmer
7 Danjuma, Sarah Female 42 Sunkani 14/8/18 House wife
8 Yopoh, Wuzang Female 31 Lankaviri 3/9/19 Farmer
9 Vahme, Regina Female 43 Nukkai, Jalingo 1/3/19 Farmer
10 Aliyu, Zanti Male 27 Serti 13/1/19 Civil Servant
11 Punarimang, Idi Female 35 Mayo-Belwa 18/4/18 Farmer
12 Ganja, Pius Male 46 Rd Block, Jalingo 4/5/19 Farmer
13 Nzaala,Godfrey Male 32 Nyabun Kaka 5/4/19 Student

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