TABLE 3.3 Strength Properties of Selected Materials! Ultimate Tensile Yield Strength Material Alloy Strength S, (psi) Syp (psi) Ultra-high-strength steel AISI 4340 287,000 270,000 Stainless steel (age AM 350 206,000 173,000 hardenable) High-carbon steel AISI 1095? 200,000 138,000 Graphite-epoxy composite = 200,000 = Titanium Ti6AL4V 150,000 128,000 Ceramic Titanium carbide 134,000 — (bonded) : Nickel-based alloy Inconel 601 102,000 35,000 Medium-carbon steel AISI 1060 (HR)? 98,000 54,000 AISI 1060 (CD)* 90,000 70,000 Low-carbon, low-alloy AISI 4620 (HR) 87,000 63,000 steel AISI 4620 (CD) 101,000 85,000 Stainless steel (austenitic) AISI 304 (annealed) 85,000 35,000 Yellow brass C 26800 (hard) 74,000 60,000 Commercial bronze C 22000 (hard) 61,000 34,000 Low-carbon (mild) steel AISI 1020 (CD) 61,000 51,000 AISI 1020 (annealed) 57,000 43,000 AISI 1020 (HR) 55,000 30,000 Phosphor bronze 52100 (annealed) 55,000 24,000 Gray cast iron ASTM A-48 (class 50) 50,000° = Gray east iron ASTM A-48 (class 40) 40,000 = Aluminum (wrought) 2024-73 (heat treated) 70,000 50,000 Aluminum (wrought) 2024 (annealed) 27,000 11,000 Aluminum (perm. mold 356.0 (sol’n. treated; aged) 38,000 27,000 cast) Magnesium (extruded) ASTM AZ80A-TS 50,000 35,000 Magnesium (cast) ASTM AZ63A 29,000 14,000 ‘Thermosetting polymer Epoxy (glass reinforced) - 10,000 ‘Thermoplastic polymer Acrylic (cast) - 7000 ‘See, for example, ref. 1-10. *Quenched and drawn to Rockwell C-42. SHot-rolled. ‘Cold-drawn. Ultimate compressive strength is 170,000 psi.BLE 3.4 Strength/Weight Ratios for Selected Materials Approx. Ultimate Approx. Yield Strength/Wt Strength/Wt Weight . Sy _ Sp Density, w Ratio, 7 Ratio, a terial (Ib/in*) (inches « 10°) (inches x 10°) Gtaphite-epoxy composite 0.087 3500 — Uitta-high-strength stee! 0.283 1000 950 Titanium, 0.160 950 800 Stainless steel (age hardenable) 0.282 750 600 Aluminum (wrought) 0.100 700 500 Titanium carbide 0.260 500 — Aluminum (perm. mold cast) 0.097 400 300 lium-carbon steel 0.283, 350 200 ickel-based alloy 0.291 350 100 Stuinless steel (austenitic) 0.290 290 120 llow brass 0.306 250 200 ow-carbon steel 0.283 200 150 Commercial bronze 0.318 200 150 Gray cast iron (class 50) 0.270 200 — Epoxy (glass reinf.) 0.042 — 250 Acrylic (cast) 0.043, = 150 ABLE 3.5 Strength at Elevated Temperature for Selected Materials Ultimate Tensile Yield Temperature Strength (S,)o Strength (S,,)o Material © (F) (psi) (psi) high-strength steel (4340) —200 313,000 302,000 rt! 287,000 270,000 400 273,000 235,000 800 221,000 186,000 1200 103,000 62,000 Stainless steel (AM 350) RT 206,000 173,000 400 185,000 144,000 800 179,000 119,000 1000 119,000 83,000 ilanium (Ti-6Al-4V) =200 187,000 155,000 RT 150,000, 128,000 400 126,000 101,000 800 90,000 75,000 1000 81,000 59,000 Titanium carbide RT 134,000 = 1500 94,000 _ 1800 72,000 _ Inconel (601) RT 102,000 35,000 400 94,000 31,000 800 84,000 28,000 1200 66,000 23,000 1600 20,000 12,000TABLE 3.5 (Continued) Ultimate Tensile Yield Temperature Strength (S,)o Strength (Sp) Material @ (°F) (psi) (psi) Low-carbon steel (1020) —200 97,000. 83,000 RT 61,000 51,000. 400 61,000. 51,000 800 45,000. 38,000 900 29,000 24,000 Aluminum (2024-T3) —200 74,000 54,000 RT 70,000 50,000 400 52,000 39,000 800 4,000 4,000 Magnesium (AZ80A-T5) —200 63,000 53,000 RT 50,000 35,000 200 43,000 19,000 400 22,000 11,000 ‘Room temperature. index at the top, followed in order of decreasing desirability by several other materials. Ab though suitable for solving problems in this textbook, real-world design tasks often require more comprehensive data gleaned from the literature and/or other data banks if the desi is to be competitive. TABLE 3.6 Stress Rupture Strength Levels (psi) Corresponding to Various Ruptui Times and Temperatures for Selected Materials Rupture Time, ¢, hours. Temp., Material Alloy O(°F) 10 100 600 1000 10, Stainless steel AM 350 800 — 184,000 — 182,000 Iron-base A-286 1000 120,000 100,000 — 80,000 76, superalloy 1200 78,000 68,000 — 50,000 34 1350 50,000 35,000 — 21,000 14 1500 21,000 11,000 = — Cobalt base X-40 1500 61,000 56,000 — 51,000 superalloy Inconel 601 1200 = - — 28,000 1400 = - — 9,100 1600 — - — 4,200 1800 — — = 2,000 Carbon steel 1050 750 - 52,500 49,000 — 930 - 22,400 18,000 — Aluminum Duralumin 300 — 38,000 32,500 — 480 = 11,200 8,300 _ 660 - 3,100 2,700 - Brass 60/40 300 — 47,000 42,500 — 480 ~~ 15,700 9,000 _-