Rta amt) a wh fatale fam Mugs oes opo= vine Nowa Atay rae uo re ie In 1824, the Bengal Army led to an outbreak. The 47th Native intany td preced Baa wot france funded prt nese te om sie Infra 1 te ih Repent er refused to march into Sind. The 7th Bengal Cavalry ste 6h Regimen flowed he On sunday. 29 ach na pied fo Lien Baugh Adjutant the Ns at» oy named Mong aya tae oo on May 20, 1857. ne This was followed by mutnies in the Pais, a Naushea on May 21 and Hot Marden during the pages ee Comer ? Lord Dalhouse’s Doctrine of Lapse. Under this Dalhousie annexed: aye . 1848 Satara Jaitpur 1849 ‘Sambhalpur - 1849 Punjab : 1849 Sikkim Fs 1850 Bharatpur - 1850 Udaipur. - 1852 Pegu (Burma) : 1852 Jhansi : 1853, N 1854 Awad 1856 et natn » ut in with: operat en + Religious objections by sepoys. According to Hinds customs and traditions crossing the sea meant losing caste, ° Activities of Christian missionaries led to the re- | sentment of the conservative section of society > British intervention in Hindu customs and laws also invited. protest as in case of Abolition of sat (1829), | widow remarriage act (1856), et: | > British economic policies which led to the deindus- trialisation of traditional industries in India was a fac- | tor of discontent among village artisans and crafts- | men. Harsh revenue settlements made peasants deprived of basic amenities and left them with no other choice put to stand against the oppressors. Enfield Rifle with > However, introduction of the new greased cartridges (had to be bitten before loading it ito rifle) caused dissatisfaction among sepoys, as they thought that the Britishers conspire to pollute them Jke them lose their religion. The annexation policy of Dalhousie also created wi ‘resentment. The Punjab and Lower Burma by the right of conquest; Avadh on the plea of malad: ‘mainistration; and Jhansi, Satara, Napur, etc, by the ‘Dalhousie also refused to grant Nana Sahib, the adopted son of the P Peshwa Baji rupees 8 lakh: » On March stationed at Barrackpur, Be cartridges, Mangal Pandey of sepoys atta killed the British adjutant. 1 The sepoys of 3rd Cavalry at Meerut, on 10th May 1857 refused to use the greased cartridges and revolted. Meerut was the largest military station in Northern hed to Delhi, and were accompanied Native Infantries and declared 1 as the Emperor of India on May took place at: Mathura, Lucknow, pur, Kanpur, Benaras, Jhansi and Bareiily, Shajahan Allahabad Assam: Led by Diwan Mainram Dutta and placed Kandarpesvar Singh on throne. Orisssa: The Princes of Sambalpur, Sur Usal Sahi participated Chhottanagpur: Raja of Porah Khairwar tnbes of Palamau rose against the Sind. Shahzada Pir Muhammad, Imam Bakhsh and Khan protested but failed. Kotah in Rajasthan was the mest important place dur it. Here the political agent Major Burton aders of the revolt rendra Sahi and at and Chero and British Ali ing the re was murdered and the important Doctrine of Lapse Tilsen ‘SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT OR eeoh 19,1968 «February. 17, 1894) i ‘ ie a yt te) ae 78 Ap 1, 185) f (Api 2 ‘e Be Qutreaks took place in Central India a Indore, | ji: The sou spring of the ional tae Mandasor, Mhow, Dhar, &mjhera>In Kolhapur, (10) ‘Ashok WEN he eblion ea {Belgaum and Dharwar, there were palpable instances | than a ‘mere sepoy mutiny nd eruption.” of revolt. Important Books: Who did not participate? 1: History of the Indian Mutiny: T R Holmes » Gulab Singh of Kashmir 2.A History of the Sepoy in india: J W Kaye » Salar Jung of Hyderabad 5 Indian Mutiny of 1857: G B Malleson, Jung Bahadur of Nepal * 1857: N Sen » Begum of Bhopal 5 The Sepoy Revol its causes and consequences: H ‘at | Mead, os Dipankar Rao (Scindia’s Minister) Sclaan fs war of independence: Vir Savarkar » Indian intelligentia class. Failure: fie 1) Disraeli: National Revolt, 2) Ellenborough: (1) The main important cause was the lack of a general inate War OrJustin Meaty» conte | oh i Plan and a central organisation guiding the whole lary grievances rata ated and rege | Pan . : fanaticism, (4) Charles Balt: the rebellion of whole | (2) Ty inferiority in generalship, strategy, military people (5) Fonvielle: a Cis cblion (6) Major | skil, and discipline of the mutineers wee snothe aba ont the ae ott 288 igeamiabos | Inperam ena thc fan aver at th fle gad ay, i ith: | (3) The failure of the outbreak Sara beiaee lisconen! manlested tough sey; (eCaning to the fact that nether the leaders, nor the sepoys rebellion by Brahmans on religious preteses; 3) PC the masses were inspired by any high ideal.ESS ER ~¥ ln 1550, frst Press was established by Portuguese. | » In 1780, James Augustus Hicky started the first news | Paper weekly in India: Bengal Gazette gi)Calcutta General Advertiser. » This paper was very aggressive and attacked both | Warren Hastings and Chiet Justice (E. Impey); attacked the missionary. a » Six more papers were started in Calcutta in between 1780-1793. One of the journal's eMTF was deported by Sir John Shore. Three newspapers were =India zette 1780) Calcutta Gazette - 1784, Hurkaru In 1785, in Maras, Madras Courrier w started In 1795: India Herald's editor was deported, because of writing against Prince of Wales; » Madras Gazette was banned. ? In 1789, in Bombay first weekly was called Bombay Herald = 7? In 1790, Bombay Courrier and in 1791, Bombay Ga- zette merged with Bombay Herald in 1792. » In 1818, Digdarshan was started as the fist Bengali weekly by Marshman from Srirampore. Fue 3 bhai Kavasi. Jra Vidyasagar started was started. {ts editor was | ¥ In 1898, Ishwar Chand Somaprakash. in Beriga em In 1862, Indian Mirror was started, nal ls i tor was Devendranath Tagore, followed Keshavehandra Sen and Narendranath Sen ¥'In 1861, Indian Field (English), was started by Kishorichandra Mitra » In 1862, Bengali was sta Ghosh > In 1865, National Paper was started. Its editor was arted by Girishchandra Navgopal Mitra, % » Hindu Patriot was started by Kishori Das Pal. Sn 28th September 1861, Bombay Times, Bombay > >On Standard, Bombay Courrier and_The Telegraph merged together to form Times of India. Its editor was Robert Knight, |» in1875, The Friend of India, a journal was started by Robert Knight. It was established by Carey, Ward and Marshman in 1818, Initially, it was monthly but, ‘was latter changed to weekly. » In 1875, Statesman was started by Robert Knight >In 1818 (23 May), Samachar Darpan (Bengali) was #-alled Bayard of Indian Press). In 1890, Statesman and started by Marshman from Sri Rampore. » In 1818 Bengal Jeti probably whose editor was Harachand Roy (Member of Atmiya Sabha). » On December 4th, 1821, Samvad Kaumudi was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. >On 5th March, ete Chandrika, (which was initially, weekly, but was latter made twice a week) was started. 2 ae >On April 1822, Ram Mohan Published, a weekly, Mirat -ul-Ahbar, in Persian language — » On 28th March, 1822 Jamis-Jahanum: ‘was started in Urdu and Pe rsian languiag » Bangadoot/Berigal Herald a published in four languages: ‘Bengali, Persian and Hindi. Its editor was R. Montegomery Martin and patron was Rammohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore. moi » In 1822, Bombay Samachar in Gujarati was pub- lished. ne » In 1837, Syed-ul-Akbhar, a weekly in Urdu was pub- lished. AF in 1838, Dilli Akhbar, an Urdu weekly was pub- fabeds CT Ea ae »In 1838, English paper Bombay Times/ Times of India (Latter) was developed by Bombay Courrier. » In 1840, Hindu Patriot was started by Harishchandra + Tn 1851, Gujarati fortnightly Rust Goftar was started by Dadabhai Naofoji. Friend of India merged to become St » In 1868, Madras Mail, the first evening newspaper was started. re In 1865, Pioneer was started from Allahabad. » in 1876, Miltary Gazette was published from Lahore. >In 1881, on request of S.N. Banerjee, Sardar Dayal Singh started a paper, Tribune in Lahore. In 1858, Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan became the edi- tor of the Bengali journal Somaprakash, In 1864, Bhudev Mukhopadhyay started a ‘monthly Shiksha Darpan O Sambadasara. » Jogendranath Vidyabhushan started a newspaper | AppDanten (on Italian Unification) in Bengali. 35 Hindu Hitaishin’ from Dhaka and Bharat Mihir from 3¥ ‘Mymen Singh was started. fs » On 20th Feb,, 1868 - Amrit Bazar Patrika (formerly called Polomagura). Its first editor was Shishir Kumar Ghosh" Father of Indian Revolutionary Terrorism).? 4 »In 1871, Patrika was published, » On January T, 1879, Bengali was revived by SN. Banerjee. In 1881, Bangabhasi was published. Jn 1883, Sanjeevani was published. } In 1870, Keshavachandra Sen started Sulabh Sama- chi “YOn 20th September 1878, Hindu was started from Madras by G, Subramanium Ayyer as a weekly. Later, it was made triweekly in October I883, when » In 1852, Akhbar -O-Saudagar, a Gujarati triweekly a = Kusturiangar became its editor. Jn-1889, it was made a