Thermodynamics notes:

 Matter consists of a quantity of energy and mass.

 The universe is comprised of both a system and a surrounding. System contains a volume and a
boundary which separates it from the surrounding.
 We have in total three different types of systems such as open, closed and isolated. In an open
system energy and mass can transfer while in a closed system energy transfer can only take place.
But in an isolated system no energy or mass transfer takes place.