Construction PE Exam Review-Civil Discipline Prepared by: John W. Strybos, P.E. Test Masters Educational Services, Inc. www.testmasters.compage CON2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON2TABLE OF CONTENTS Tovic Page Cover Page 1-2 Table of Contents 3-6 References 7-10 Exam Content 11-16 Formulas and Data 17-30 A.M. Topics Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Discussion 31-34 Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Problems 35-40 Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Solutions 41-44 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Discussion 45-52 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Problems 53-56 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Solutions 57-58 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Discussion 59 - 68 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Problems 69-78 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Solutions 79 - 86 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Discussion 87 - 96 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Problems 97 — 102 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Solutions 103 - 106 Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 107- 110 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) and Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Discussion Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 111- 112 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) and Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Problems page CON3 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON3TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Topic Page Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 113-114 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Solutions Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Discussion 118-118 Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Problems 119-120 Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Solutions 121-122 Topics Earthwork Construction and Layout Problems 123-134 Earthwork Construction and Layout Solutions 136-140 Estimating Quantities and Costs Problems 441-150 Estimating Quantities and Costs Solutions 151-158 Construction Operations and Methods Probiems 199-170 Construction Operations and Methods Solutions 171-176 Scheduling Problems 17-186 ‘Scheduling Solutions 187-194 Material Quality Control and Production Problems 198-202 Material Quality Control and Production Solutions 203-212 Temporary Structures Problems 213-218 ‘Temporary Structures Solutions 219-222 Health and Safety Problems 223-240 Health and Safety Solutions 241-252 page CON4 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON4TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Topic Page Engineering Economics Discussion 253-262 Engineering Economics Problems 263-268 Engineering Economics Solutions 269-274 END OF SECTION page CONS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CONSpage CONG THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CONS:NCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CONSTRUCTION Design Standards Effective Beginning with the April 2015 Examinations ABBREVIATION DESIGN STANDARD TITLE AM Books Required 1) ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures During Construction, 2002, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, www.asce.org 2) NDS National Design Specification for Wood Construction, 2012, American Forest & Paper Association/American Wood Council, Washington, DC, www.awe.org. 3) CMWB Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Construction, 2012, Couneil for Masonry Wall Bracing, Mason Contractors Association of America, Lombard, IL, www.masoncontractors.org. 4) AISC Stee! Construction Manual, 14th ed., 2011, American Institute of Stee! Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL, www.aisc.ora 5) ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 2011, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org. 6) ACI 347 Guide to Formwork for Concrete, 2004, American Conerete Institute, Farmington Hills, Ml, www,concrete.org (in ACI SP-4, 7th edition appendix). 7) ACI SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 7th ed., 2005, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org. 8) OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry, 29 CFR Part 1926 (US federal version), US Department of Labor, Washington, Oc. 9) MUTCD-Pt 6 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices—Part 6 Temporary Traffic Control, 2009, US Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov 10) Testmaster course notes page CON7 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON7PM Books Required 1) ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures During Construction, 2002, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, www.asce.org, 2) NDS National Design Specification for Wood Construction, 2012, American Forest & Paper Association/American Wood Council, Washington, DC, www.awe.org. 3) CMWB Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Construction, 2012, Council for Masonry Wall Bracing, Mason Contractors Association of America, Lombard, IL, www.masoncontractors.org. 4) AISC Stee! Construction Manual, 14th ed., 2011, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL, www.aisc.org 5) ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 2011, American Conerete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org, 6) ACI 347 Guide to Formwork for Concrete, 2004, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org (in ACI SP-4, 7th edition appendix), 7) ACI SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 7th ed., 2005, American Conerete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.ora, 8) OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry, 29 CFR Part 1926 (US federal version), US Department of Labor, Washington, DC. 9) MUTCD-Pt 6 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices—Part 6 Temporary Traffic Control, 2009, US Federal Highway Administration, www.thwa.dot.aov 10) Testmaster course notes PM Books Recommended 1) PCA Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 2011, 15th edition, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL. 2) Lindeburg, M.R., Civil Engineering Reference Manual, 2011, 12th Edition, Professional Publications, Inc., Belmont, CA, ISBN 978-159126-341-8, www.ppi2pass.com 3) NCEES PE Civil Construction Sample Questions and Solutions, www.ncees.org, ISBN 978-1-932613-51-3. page CONS __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CONSReference categories for Construction depth module 1) Construction surveying 2) Construction estimating 3) Construction planning and scheduling 4) Construction equipment and methods, 5) Construction materials 6) Construction design standards (see above) END OF SECTION page CONS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CONSpage CON10 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON10NCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL BREADTH and CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Effective Beginning with the April 2015 Examinations + The civil exam is a breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) exam and one of the five depth (PM) exams. + The five areas covered in the civil exam are construction, geotechnical, structural, transportation, and water resources and environmental. The breadth exam contains questions from all five areas of civil engineering. The depth exams focus more closely on a single area of practice in civil engineering. + Examinees work all questions in the morning session and all questions in the afternoon module they have chosen. Depth results are combined with breadth results for final score. + The exam is an 8-hour open-book exam. It contains 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour AM session, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session. + The exam uses both the Intemational System of Units (SI) and the US Customary ‘System (USCS). + The exam is developed with questions that will require a variety of approaches and methodologies, including design, analysis, and application. Some problems may require knowledge of engineering economics. + The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories + The specifications for the AM exam and the Construction PM exam are included here. The design standards applicable to the Construction PM exam are shown on the page 6 CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions |. Project Planning 4 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Project schedules D. Activity identification and sequencing page CON11 Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON11CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Continued Approximate Number of Questions |, Means and Methods 3 A. Construction loads B. Construction methods C. Temporary structures and facilities Il. Soil Mechanics 6 A. Lateral earth pressure B. Soil consolidation C. Effective and total stresses D. Bearing capacity E. Foundation settlement F. Slope stability IV. Structural Mechanics 6 ‘A. Dead and live loads B. Trusses C. Bending (e.g., moments and stresses) D. Shear (e.g,, forces and stresses) E. Axial (e.g,, forces and stresses) F, Combined stresses G. Deflection H. Beams |. Columns J. Slabs K. Footings L. Retaining walls V. Hydraulics and Hydrology 7 A. Open-channel flow B. Stormwater collection and drainage (e.g., culvert, stormwater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes) C. Storm characteristics (e.g., storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution) D. Runoff analysis (e.g., Rational and SCS/NRCS methods, hydrographic application, runoff time of concentration) E. Detention/retention ponds F. Pressure conduit (e.g., single pipe, force mains, Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, major and minor losses) G. Energy and/or continuity equation (e.g., Bernoulli) page CON12 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON12CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Continued Approximate Number of Questions VI. Geometrics 3 A. Basic circular curve elements (¢.g., middle ordinate, length, chord, radius) B. Basic vertical curve elements C. Traffic volume (e.g., vehicle mix, flow, and speed) VII. Materials 6 A. Soil classification and boring log interpretation B. Soil properties (e.g., strength, permeability, compressibility, phase relationships) C. Concrete (e.g., nonreinforced, reinforced) D. Structural steel E. Material test methods and specification conformance F. Compaction Vill, Site Development 5 ‘A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) D. Impact of construction on adjacent facilities E. Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) pageCON13 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. __ page CON13.CIVIL-CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions |. Earthwork Construction and Layout 6 ‘A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fil) B. Borrow pit volumes C. Site layout and control D. Earthwork mass diagrams and haul distance E. Site and subsurface investigations II, Estimating Quantities and Costs 6 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Cost analysis for resource selection D. Work measurement and productivity Ill Construction Operations and Methods 7 A. Lifting and rigging 8. Crane stability C. Dewatering and pumping D. Equipment operations (e.g., selection, production, economics) E, Deep foundation installation IV. Scheduling 5 ‘A. Construction sequencing B. Activity time analysis C. Critical path method (CPM) network analysis D. Resource scheduling and leveling E. Time-cost trade-off V. Material Quality Control and Production 6 A. Material properties and testing (e.g., soils, concrete, asphalt) B. Weld and bolt installation C. Quality control process (QA/QC) D. Concrete proportioning and placement E. Concrete maturity and early strength evaluation VI. Temporary Structures 7 ‘A. Construction loads, codes, and standards B. Formwork C. Falsework and scaffolding D. Shoring and reshoring E. Bracing and anchorage for stability F. Temporary support of excavation page CON14 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON14CIVIL-CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions VIL. Health and Safety A. OSHA regulations and hazard identification/abatement B. Safety management and statistics C. Work zone and public safety 3 END OF SECTION page CON15 __Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON15page CON16 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON16FORMULAS AND DATA Earthwork Construction and Layout \V = Volume of Earthwork in cubic yards or cubic feet. 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet L = Distance (spacing) between cross-sections in feet. L= Length of a triangular spoil pile in feet R = Angle of Repose in degrees (a property of a soil) B = Base width of triangular spoil pile in feet. H = Height of a triangular or conical spoil pile in feet. D = Diameter of a conical spoil pile in feet ‘A= cross section area in square feet Average end area method: V = (0.5)(A; + Ag)(L)/27 Prismoidal formula: V = (L/6)*(Ai + 4Am + Aa) Triangular Spoil Bank: B= (4V/(L*tanR))°* Triangular Spoil Bank: H = 0.5°B*tanR. Conical Spoil Pile: D = (7.64Vi(tanR))°? Conical Spoil Pile H = 0.5*D*tan(R) Overhaul (cy-stations) = Overhaul volume (cy) * Overhaul distance (stations) Overhaul distance (stations) = Total haul — Free haul (stations) Total haul = distance (stations) between centers of mass outside free haul H = E/O = Excavation cost/Over haul cost E = Excavation cost in $/cy O = Overhaul cost in $/ey-ft Length of economical haul = Free haul distance + H pageCON17 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON17FORMULAS AND DATA Earthwork Construction and Layout Earthwork volume for a grid (in CF) = (Average cut depth in feet) * (Area of grid in SF) If multiple grids, then sum volumes of each grid Q = “Area in a section of a mass haul diagram in cy-stations \V = Maximum or minimum volume in CY that corresponds with the Q. Average Haul distance = Q/V Estim: ing Quan Outside Perimeter = 2 x (length + width + recess) OP =2(L+W+R) Inside perimeter = OP — 8*footing width IP = OP -8w Mean Perimeter = OP -4* footing width = IP +4* footing width MP = OP -4w=IP +4w BF = board foot = [Length (feet)]*[nominal size (inches x inches)}(12 inches/foot) SFCA = square foot of contact area Formwork Conversions To Obtain Gross area of Forms Multiply Net Areas by Industrialize Wall Forms 1.20 Table forms for slabs 1.40 Tunnel and half-Tunnel forms 1.15 page CON18 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, __page CON18.FORMULAS AND DATA ‘Scheduling INTERFERING FLOAT (IF) of activity j = (LATE FINISH (LF) of activity j) - (SMALLEST EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES) FREE FLOAT (FF) of activity j = (MINIMUM EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES) — (EARLY FINISH of activity j) TR =FF+IF TF=LS-ES TF =LF-EF Forward Pass = (EF) Early Finish, =(ES) Early Start, + (D) Duration, Backward Pass: = (LS) = Late Start, = (LF) Late Finish, ~ (D) Duration, Lag = the amount of time an activity must be delayed from the start of finish of a predecessor. Lead = the amount of time by which an activity precedes the start or finish of a successor. Four precedence relations ships are: Finish to Start (FS) Early Start (ES) n+1 = Early Finish (EF), + Lag Late Finish (LF) » = Late Start (LS) ps1 - Lag Start to Start (SS) Early Start (ES) q.1 = Early Start (ES), + Lag Late Finish (LF) » = Late Start (LS) nt - Lag Finish to Finish (FF) Early Start (ES) n.1 = Early Finish (EF), + Lag ~ Duration (D)nv1 Late Finish (LF) . = Late Start (LS) n+1 - Lag Start to Finish (SF) page CON19 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON19FORMULAS AND DATA. TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FORMWORK P (psf) = Co*Cy*(150 + 9000R/T) for R <7 fuhr and H < 14 ft P (psf) = Cc*C,, "(150 + 43,400/T + 2800R/T) for H > 14 ftand 7 | tor tocol Pen) Tos ees] To Pope See oe pow [ ose i a a 5 a a j [ea 7 is [es 7 [66 a 7 a i 5 ceneerne comes 115 page CON24 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON24Engineering Economics (A.M. and Factor Table 1 050% PF Pe PP ve cet tae 116 cmesmcecomurs page CON25 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON25,=| Fm 1] 200% = 7a a execu semen 117 page CON26 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON26pews wu ceuey: 118 seenemcscomomes page CON27 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON27.Engineering Economics (A. ind P.M. Topit Factor Table i= 800% lnsseeuee meres econoucs 119 page CON28 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON28Engineer Factor Table == 1200% pseseuven | ees | sa Sime pe owe eusuusenszeer: 120 ormeemmc ccomomes page CON29 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON29.| iff fie i Lot; E i — semen ttl Buon teh See a] EE Gh ae oi 8 aL lh ey it a a E 5h) Bea it i Bal Hu B) Han Hee Hs Hea ‘ P)HAH RE a sls a 5 a] ie | 8 elaliel a |i a [His] be | Gly afi lava) i aU Gecbal|: e e/a ml a] il] Gf He | [a balalal gla TEER ye [state] a fa a fefs [sfa] = i 1a | g z ra i lates | ale [E ul a [als a ‘ 4) e, leales [ode 82,2 Be 2 ah ..|.|! Fe eee || FI! el le aly ulema eR eae Tisclnnar so vou Hy cam END OF SECTION cy ae page CON30___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON30A.M. Topics 1. Project Planning - Discussion A. Quantity Take-off Methods B. Cost Estimating page CON31 __ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON31Estimating Quantities and Costs Outside Perimeter = 2 x (length + width + recess) OP =2(L + W+R) Inside perimeter = OP — 8*footing width IP = OP -8w Mean Perimeter = OP -4 footing width = IP +4* footing width MP = OP —4w=IP + 4w BF = board foot = [Length (feet)]*{nominal size (inches x inches)}/(12 inches/foot) SFCA = square foot of contact area Formwork Conversions To Obtain Gross area of Forms Multiply Net Areas by Industrialize Wall Forms 1.20 Table forms for slabs 4.10 Tunnel and half-Tunnel forms 4.15 Reinforcement Bar Size and Weights Bar# Diameter Inch Area (sq. in.) Weight (Ibift) 3 0.375 om 0.376 4 0.500 0.20 0.668 5 0.625 0.31 1.043 6 0.750 044 | 4.502 7 0.875 0.60 2.044 8 1.000 0.79 2.670 9 1.428 1.00 3.400 _| 10 1.270 1.27 4.30 11 1.410 1.56 5.31 14 1.693 2.25 7.65 78 2.257 4.00 73.60 An estimate is the “prediction” of future construction costs. It is the process of looking into the future and predicting cost and resource requirement. It will need to determine the anticipated cost of materials, labor, and equipment of a proposed project page CON32 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, _ page CON32Types of Construction Costs: Direct costs and Indirect Costs. Types of Estimates Conceptual (Rough Order of Magnitude) Preliminary Engineer Bid Rona Elements of construction Costs Labor Materials, Equipment Subcontractors Overhead and Profit hens Labor Costs To price labor estimate the work hours required to do a unit of work of all trades involved. (work crew productivity). Multiply the hours required by wages and benefits = total cost of labor per unit of work. Factors affecting labor are productivity and availability of qualified labor including unions. ‘Material Costs ‘Supplies purchased by the contractor and incorporated into the finished construction project (lumber, windows, concrete, etc.) Equipment Costs Cost of equipment including maintenance, taxes and insurance on the equipment, maintenance, depreciation, and allowance for repairs. Operating costs (cost per hour), rental costs and depreciation and maintenance. Overhead Costs Costs that cannot be attributed to any particular job “Office expenses.” Management and Staff including salaries, fringe, benefits and transportation. Business offices including rent, furniture and depreciation, office supplies, communications, telephone, faxes, and advertising page CON33 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON33—S Direct Costs of all the resources = Labor + Material + Equipment 5 Indirect Costs include bond premiums, insurance premiums, fees for licenses and permits, services such as water, electricity, communications, home office overhead allocation, Quantity Take-off Review drawings and specifications Measure quantities of work to be performed in appropriate units Loss factors as applicable vt uerr Contingency as applicable. END OF SECTION page CON34 __ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON34|. Project Planning - Problems page CON35: A. Quantity Take-off Methods B. Cost Estimating Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON35,Estimating Quantities and Costs Problems 101. A 200-foot by 100-foot room has been prepared for painting. The walls are 7-feet high and will require two coats of paint on the previously painted surface for proper coverage. If 1 gallon of paint covers 300-square feet, the number of gallons of paint needed to paint the walls is most nearly: A) 14 gallons ©) 67 gallons D) 81 gallons 102. The outside perimeter of a brick walll is 53 ft Calculate the bricks required to build this wall if its height is 8 feet and the bricks will all be laid in a running bond, Standard non-modular bricks have been specified for the project. Assume a 1% waste factor. Mortar joints are 3/8-inch. Brick size is 3-5/8 inches by 2-1/4 inches by 8 inches. A) 1,402 Bricks B) 1,500 Bricks c) ‘805 Bricks D) 3,000 Bricks 103. A 250-foot by 125-foot room has been prepared for painting. The walls are 9-feet high and will require two coats of paint on the previously painted surface for proper coverage. If 1 gallon of paint covers 325-square feet, the number of gallons of paint needed to paint the walls is most nearly: A) 21 gallons B) 28 gallons D) 55 gallons page CON36___ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON36.104. What is the volume of conerete (cy) required for a 4,500 foot long channel with 10% waste. The channel cross-section is shown below. A) 235 cubic yards CB) 6,368 cubic yards > G, DEI cy ©) 57,222 cubic yards D) 174,666 cubic yards TIN THICK ‘SIDE SCOPES 2V:3H 7 oe AF. “ ~ ‘ con ee a. eget OT AI : Figure 1. Problem 104 Channel Cross-Section page CON37___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON37_Use the Figure shown below to answer problems 105, 106 and 107. —— 30° 15° 15° 3 Figure 2. Problems 105, 106 and 107 Foundation Wall 105. Calculate the outside perimeter of the wall shown in the Figure above, asin OCs DO+1E +343’ + 18 430%: B) 60 ft D) 120 ft 106. The width of the foundation wall shown in the figure above is four feet. Calculate the volume of concrete required to build this foundation wall if its cross sectional area is 85h A) 12.25 cy MP Of- Hy, = fo2'~4 (a) = 80-4 B) 18 cy x Peer page CON38 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON381A4 rate HD (Ae of We 107. If the wall shown in the figure above is two feet in height what is the required formwork in sfca. 0”: 1o7 t+ A) 172 sfca TP: OP- hw = 1o2- Blu) Fok B) 200 sfca Cea (WU) +AN(2) +311 shes D) 400 sfea (N. Ferme Camnrs ve) 108. Calculate the number of bricks (3.75" x 2.25” x 8") laid in running bond required for a double wythe wall 8-feet high by 14-feet wide having one penetration 48-inches x 72- inghes and one opening 32 inches by 48 inches. Mortar joints are 0.5-inches and there is 3% brick waste. . rt pci A) 500 bricks B) 1,000 bricks a C) 1,500 bricks s D) 2,000 bats He 109. Calculate the volume of mortar (cf) for the following brick wall. A double wythe wall B-feet high by 14-feet wide having one opening 48-inches by 72-inches and one 972 opening 32 inches by 48 inches. Mortar joints are 0.5-inches and there is 25% mortar waste, The joint thickness between the wythes is 0.5-inch. There are 982 total bricks B75" x 2.25" x 8") for both wythes including 3% brick waste re ger a~ yer Ap 43. PE Ger 2 10> bevks Does? B) 18.3 of 1.0% sed ©) 27.4 cf vez | | 6, O122-£4 Acie’ D) 366 cf . 0.5 "elas —— S$. 6251S brick as FOB 4 AY wek pageCON39___Copyright by www,TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON39110. Calculate the longitudinal #6 reinforcing steel in the wall shown below (not the footing). The wall is 60 ft long and 6 in. of cover is required at each end. The bars come in 20-ft lengths and will have to be lapped 6 in. How many tons of #6 steel should be ordered? (i3)« lo’. o 7 of cob A) 0.298 Tons x Lsort he B) 0.300 Tons A ! Let va zo’ Mae’ as D) 0.600 Tons y 4 TE 58 ho Gu 2” Clear Space j+-2” Clear Space {13 18 cont @12" 06 p> vertical bars PEir' ec "oO Weep Hole @ woc y Clear 3” Clear Space Space 86" Figure 3. Problem 110 Wall Cross-Section END OF SECTION page CON40___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON4O.1. Project Planning - Solutions A. Quantity Take-off Methods B, Cost Estimating page CON41 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON41Estimating Quantities and Costs Solutions 101. B) 28 jons Perimeter = (2*200 ft)+ (2"100 ft) = 600 ft Wall surface area = 600 ft * 7 ft = 4,200 f? Number of gallons = (4,200 ft? / coat)(2 coats)/(300 ft?/gallon) = 28 Gal Reference: Frank R. Walker Company, Walker's Building Estimator's Reference Book. 102, C) 2,805 BRICKS, REFERENCE: LINDEBURG PAGE 67-3 USE 0.375 INCH STANDARD MORTAR JOINT Area of wall = 53x 8 => 424 sq ft Area of one soldier brick = A= (24+ 0.375 in.) x (8 + 0.375 in.) 21.98 sq in/144 sq inisf = 0.1526 sfibrick Briok per sq. ft= (144 sq.in/sf)/(21.98 sq. in./brick) => 6.55 bricks per square foot Number of bricks without waste = 424 sq ft x 6.55 brick per sq. ft => 2,777 brick Number of bricks with waste = 2,777 brick x 1.01 = 2,805 bricks 103. C) 42 Gallons Perimeter = (2°250 ft)+ (2"125 ft) = 750 ft Wall surface area = 750 ft* 9 ft = 6,750 ff Number of gallons = (6,750 ft? / coat)(2 coats)/(325 f?/gallon) = 42 Gallons Reference: Frank R. Walker Company, Walker's Building Estimator’s Reference Book. page CON42 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON42104. B) 6,358 cy Length of side slopes using 2 vertical to 3 horizontal 141K = 2/3 > X = 21-feet = horizontal length Side Slope Length = (14? + 217)° = 25.23 ft Cross-Section Area = (7/12)[2(25.23) + 9] = 34.68 sf Volume = (4,500 ff)(34.68 sf)(1.1)(toyl27 of) = Volume = 6,358 cy 105. _C) 402 ft Outside perimeter = 2 x (length + width + recess) Outside perimeter = 2 x (30 + 18 + 3) = 102 ft 108. C) 25.5 cy Outside perimeter = 2x (30 + 18 + 3) = 102 ft Mean perimeter = 102-4 (4) = 86 ft Volume concrete = 86 ft x 8 sf => 688 cf or 25.5 cy 107. C) 344 sfca Inside perimeter = OP + 4 x (2 x (-4)) Inside perimeter = 102 + 4 x (- 8) > 70ft Outside forms = 102 x 2 = 204 sfca Inside forms = 70 x 2 = 140 sfca Total formwork = 204 + 140 = 344 sfca page CON43 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON43,108. B) 1,000 bricks NET WALL AREA = (8*14) — (46) — (2.67*4) SF = 77.33 SF AREA OF ONE BRICK = (2.25 + 0.5)*(8 + 0.5)(144 sq. in/sf) = 0.1632 SF N= (77.33/0.1632)'2"1.03 = 982 BRICKS 109. B) 18.3 CF VOLI BRICK = (0.5 in,)*(8+2.25+0.5 in.)*(3.75 in.)/(1728 cu. In/ef) = 0.01166 CFibrick VOL. PER WYTHE = 0.01166(982/2) =5.7 CF VOL. BETWEEN WYTHE = (0.5 in)(77.33 sf)/(12 in/sf) = 3.2CF MORTAR REQUIRED = (1.25)*(2°5.7+3.2) = 18.3 CF 110. C. 0.586 Tons Number of longitudinal bars for 60 ft of wall: 3 space (cover)= 0.5 ft firstbar = «20.0% secondbar = 19.5% thirdbar = 19.5 ft Cover = O5tt Total = 600 Number of longitudinal bars: 3 x 13 = 39 Total length of longitudinal bars: 20 ft x 39 = 780 ft of #6 bars Weight of #6 bars: 780 ft total length x 1.502 Ib per If = 1,171.56 Ib Weight of #6 bar 586 tons END OF SECTION pageCON44 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON441. Project Planning - Discussion C. Project Schedules D. Activity Identification and Sequencing NOTE: Critical Path Method (CPM) and network Analysis are identified as PM Construction Topics. Discussion is included on CPM due to its relationship to Activity Time Analysis. page CON45 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON45Project Schedules Formulas INTERFERING FLOAT (IF) of activity j= LATE FINISH (LF of activly|- SMALLEST EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES FREE FLOAT (FF) of aly = MINMUM EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITISS ~ EARLY FINISH of cut TR =FF+IF TF=LS-ES TF =LF-EF Forward Pass = (EF) Early Finish, =(ES) Early Start, + (D) Duration, Backward Pass: = (LS) = Late Start, = (LF) Late Finish, — (D) Duration, Lag = the amount of time an activity must be delayed from the start of finish of a predecessor. Lead = the amount of time by which an activity precedes the start or finish of a successor. Four precedence relationships are: Finish to Start (FS) Early Start (ES) nei = Early Finish (EF), + Lag Late Finish (LF) , = Late Start (LS) n+: - Lag Start to Start (SS) Early Start (ES) 41 = Early Start (ES), + Lag Late Finish (LF) » = Late Start (LS) n+: -Lag Finish to Finish (FF) Early Start (ES) n+: = Early Finish (EF), + Lag — Duration (D)n+1 Late Finish (LF) , = Late Start (LS) .+1-Lag Start to Finish (SF) page CON46 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON46:Objectives include the ability to create a simple bar chart and a simple Critical Path Method (CPM) logic network and an understanding of how to use a CPM for determining project status and in identifying float. The ability to calculate resource needs and an understanding of resource leveling strategies. The ability to create a velocity diagram. The ability to develop a linear schedule. ‘Acommon technique used to understand and organize complex undertaking is to divide the problem into smaller subparts. In construction this technique is applied in both estimating and planning The critical path method (CPM) is a planning and control technique that provides an accurate, timely, and easily understood picture of the project. The logic diagram graphically portrays the relationships between project activities Planning creates an orderly sequence of events. It serves the manager by pointing out the things to be done, their sequence how long each task should take and who is responsible for which tasks or actions. A common technique used to understand and organize complex undertakings is to divide the problem into smaller subparts. Each activity is a discrete task. + Activities consume time. + Activities usually consume physical resources. + Activities have definable start and finish points. + Activities are assignable. + Activities are measurable The bar chart is widely used as a construction-scheduling tool because of its simplicity, ease of preparation, and understandable format. Normally the activities are listed in chronological order according to their start date. Discontinuous bars are sometimes used on hand drawn bar charts to represent interruptions of activities. It does not clearly show the detailed sequence of the activities It does not show which activities are critical to the successful, timely completion of the project Example Bar Chart [TASK | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE | JULY | AUG | SEP | 1 2 3 page CON47 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON47The CPM is a too! that assists the planning, scheduling, & controlling of the project. The logic diagram graphically portrays the relationships between project activities. With this information, itis easier to plan, schedule, & control the project. Before the diagram can be developed, the project must first be constructed mentally to determine activity relationships. Figure 4, Example Critical Path Method Schedule ‘OVERALL PROJECT DURATION page CON48 Figure 5. Example Critical Path Method Schedule Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON48:For each activity ask: = Can this activity start at the beginning of the project? (Start activities) Which activities must be finished before this one begins? (Precedence) For each activity ask: — Which activities may either start or finish at the same time this one does? (Concurrence) Which activities cannot begin until this one is finished? (Succession) The two basic logic symbols on the precedence diagram are the node and the precedence arrow. Figure 6. CPM Logic Symbols Forward Pass + The earliest time each activity in the network can start and finish. + The minimum overall duration of the project. + Early Finish, = Early Start, + Duration, Backward Pass page CON49__Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON49.+ A backward pass through the logic network will produce the latest point in time that each network activity can start and finish, and still maintain the minimum overall project duration. OURATION Figure 7. CPM Forward Pass Equation Figure 8. CPM Node Notation > Early start time (ES) of an activity is the earliest point in time, taking into account the network logic, that an activity may start > Early finish time (EF) is the earliest time the activity may finish. page CONSO Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. __ page CONSO+ Late finish time (LF) is the latest time that an activity may finish without delaying the entire project, [= [FT 90 Figure 9. Backward Pass Equation A critical activity can be determined from the logic network by applying either of the following rules: > The early start and late start times for a particular activity are the same. > The early finish and late finish time for a particular activity are the same. The duration must be equal to the difference between the ES and the EF or the difference between the LS and the LF. EF - ES = Duration or LF - LS = Duration Critical activities are linked together forming a path from the start activity to the finish activity called a critical path. FREE FLOAT = (FF) = The duration of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project's estimated completion time and without delaying the start of any succeeding activity. Free float is the property of an activity not a network path. FREE FLOAT (J) = MINIMUM EARLY START OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES ~ EARLY FINISH (J) INTERFERING FLOAT = (IF) = The time available to delay an activity without delaying the project's estimated completion time, but delaying an activity into interfering float will delay the start of one or more following noncritical activities. INTERFERING FLOAT (J) = LATE FINISH (J)- SMALLEST EARLY START OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES page CONS1 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON51TOTAL FLOAT = (TF) = The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the projects estimated completion time. Total float assumes that all preceding activities are finished as early as possible and all succeeding activities are started as late as possible. TR = FF +IF TF=LS-ES TF =LF-EF Float is the duration of time that is available to complete an activity beyond the activity's duration, Late start time (LS) is the latest time the activity may start without delaying the entire project. Velocity diagrams present a graphical picture of the relationship between time and the accomplishment of an activity. The vertical axis of the diagram represents accomplishment of a work task; cubic yards excavated, miles of road built, miles of pipeline constructed. The horizontal axis presents construction time. km 10 production velocity IS LET LL LA o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 month Figure 10, Example Velocity Diagram END OF SECTION page CONS2___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CONS2|. Project Planning - Problems C. Project Schedules D. Activity Identification and Sequencing 201. The estimate for a five-story office building included 72 doors on each of the upper three floors. In developing the bid, the estimator used a production rate of 2.0 carpenter man-hours to hang a door. The project superintendent is organizing the carpenter crews to include three carpenters per crew. What is the duration (in days) of the activity to hang all the doors on the upper three floors? Assume an eight-hour workday. ‘Assume one crew. A) 6 Days B) 12 Days C) 18 Days D) 24 Days 202. The estimate for a three-story dormitory included 30 plumbing fixtures on each of the floors. In developing the bid, the estimator used a production rate of 1.6 man-hours to install a fixture. The project superintendent is organizing the plumbing crews to include two plumbers per crew. What is the duration (in days) of the activity to install all the fixtures in the dormitory? Assume an eight-hour workday. Assume one crew. A) 6 Days B) 9 Days C) 18 Days D) 24 Days page CONS3 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CONS3203. What type of Gantt chart is illustrated below? A) Milestones Gantt B) Gantt with dependencies C) Baseline Gantt D) Timeline Gantt TASK JAN FEB MAR APR JUNE JULY | AUG ‘SEP oor] | c|13} =| 204. What is the duration in days of the project given the activities below using start to finish precedence logic? Activity Duration (Days) AtoB Btoc CtoH CtoD DtoE EtoF FtoG GtoH A) 13 days B) 17 days ©) 21 days D) 24 days page CONS4 3 6 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, page CON54205. Given the following data, how much is spent at the end of the 10" day? Activit Expenditures ($1,000) Duration (days) A 5 3 B 10 A 3 c 12.5 B 4 Do 4 A 2 E 3 D 5 A) $27,500 B) $31,500 C) $34,500 D) $36,000 208. In the activity-on-arrow network, below, the early start of Activity N is most nearly: A) 16 B) 21 ©) 23 D) 24 page CON55 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CONS207 A CPM arrow diagram is shown below. Nine activities have been estimated with durations ranging from 5 to 36 days. The minimum time (days) required to finish the project is most nearly: A) 40 B) 42 C) 45 D) 50 ORDER & DELIVER METAL BUILDING TOE OETA DY 6. PROCURE / REINFORCING \ | ste. i/ rane \ [: vogn REGUS ec TINE AEXCAVATE \2. FORM S ef FOOTINGS (5) OCS —~ ONGRADE AX BUILDING ELEMENTS soar oe es sons “(0 owe" (©) NSH \ ee \_ snes _/ | an / \ \ _eprocurcuscsumeoussuonsneers / ‘35 DAYS 208. A workforce of six electricians has to install 420 light fixtures in a new office building. Normally, two electricians working can install one fixture in 20 minutes. The crews expect to have a 0.8 efficiency factor due to environmental conditions on this job. The crews will be scheduled for 9 hour work days which include a one hour break for lunch. The duration of this construction activity (days, hours) is most nearly: Days hours AS 8 B65 c)7 3 D218 page CONS8 __Copyriaht by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CONS6|. Project Planning - Solutions A. Project Schedules B. Activity Identification and Sequencing 201. C. 18 DAYS Using the number of doors and the production rate from the estimate: Production rate: = (1 door/2 man hours)*(3 carpenters) =1.5 doors per hr Per floor activity duration hours: (72 doors/floor)*(1 hour/1.5 doors) = 48 hr per floor Per floor activity duration days: = (48 hours per floor/8 hours per day) = 6 days per floor 3 FLOORS * 6 DAYS PER FLOOR = 18 DAYS. Using the number of fixtures and the production rate from the estimate: Production rate: = (1 fixture/1.6 man hours)*(2 plumbers) = 1.25 fixtures per hr Per floor activity duration hours: = (30 fixturesifioor)*(1 hour!1.25 fixtures) = 24 hr per floor Activity duration days: = (24 hours per floor)/8 hours per day)*(3 floors) = 9 days 203. D) Timeline Gantt This is a basic timeline Gantt. No milestones, dependencies, or baselines are included 204. D) 24 Days A (3) B (6) ¢ (4) H (2) (4) D (3) EF (2 G Path A to B to C to H duration = 3 + 6 + 4 = 13 days Path A to B to C to Dto Eto F to G to H duration = 3 +6 +2+3+4+2+4= 24 days page CONS7 __ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CONS7205. C) $34,500 A(3) B(3) c(4) D(2) E(5) Path A-B-C duration = 3+ 3 + 4 = 10 days expenditures = 5,000 + 10,000 + 12,500 = $27,500 Path A-D-E duration = 3 +2 + 5 = 10 days Expenditures = 4,000 + 3,000 = $7,000 Total Expenditures = 7,000 + 27,500 = $34,500 Do not double count expenditures for Task A. 206. C) 23 The longest path to the start of Activity N is defined by Path C-G-J-L and duration along that path is 9+3+8+3=23 207. D) 50 days Activities 7-4-5 30 + 10 + 10 = 50 days 208. C) 7 days, 3 hours. Duration = (420)/(1/(20*2)*6*0.8*60"8) Duration = 7.29 = 7 days, 3 hours. END OF SECTION page CONS8 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CONS8.Il, Means and Methods - Discussion A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods C. Temporary Structures and Facilities Asphalt Designations RC = RAPID CURE MC = MEDIUM CURE SC = SLOW CURE PG = PERFORMANCE GRADING RAP = RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT HMA = HOT MIX ASPHALT AC = ASPHALT CONCRETE BM = BITUMINOUS MIX HCM = HOT MIX ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PG 64-22 PG = Performance Grading 64 = Seven day average high temperature (°C) of the pavement that the project location will likely experience in its lifetime. 22 = Seven day average low temperature (°C) of the pavement that the project location will likely experience in its lifetime Productivity Rate(R), is the total quantity to be installed (Q) divided by the total installation time (T) Efficiency Factor = Actual working Time/ Total Time Production Cost = Equipment costs per hour! Equipment production per hour Backhoe (hoe) Productivity Example Problem 1 With a 45 minutes per-hour efficiency what is the best probable production in LCY/hr for a 3.5cy short stick hoe excavating well blasted rock (fill factor =0.75)? The average depth of excavation is 12 feet and the angle of swing is 50° (Cycle time = 22 seconds). page CON5S9 _Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, Alll Rights Reserved. _page CONS9Bucket size (Ley) 3.5 cy Material well blasted rock fill factor 0.75 (given information) Cycle time, (load, swing load, dump and swing empty) = 22 seconds (given information) Looking for @ LCY solution, so do not need to apply a swell factor. Efficiency = 45 minutes/60 minutes =0.75 Probable Production = (Capacity)*(Efficiency)*(Fill Factor)/(Cycle Time) 3.5 CY * (0.75) * 0.75/ (22 seconds/60 seconds per minute)*(60 minutes/hour) = 322 LCY/HR Backhoe (hoe) Producti Example Probl 2 If the loose well blasted rock weighs 2,640 pounds per cubic yard, what is the productivity in tons per hour. P = (322 LCY/HR)*(2,640 pounds/LCY)*(1 ton/ 2,000 pounds) = 425 tons per hour To estimate loading time you need to know: > Payload capacity of the hauling unit > Payload of the hoe bucket > Hoe cycle time Payload will be limited by either the heaped (volumetric) capacity or by the load weight (gravimetric). Total loading time = (number of bucket passes) x(hoe cycle time) Number of bucket passes = Payload of Hauler/Payload of Bucket ox | Number of bucket passes = page CON60___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON60page CON61 Figure 12. Vertical Formwork - A Layered System Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON61A temporary Structure is any means or methods which provide temporary suppor, access, enhancement, or otherwise facilitate the construction of permanent structures, These include: v Concrete Formwork Scaffolding Falsework/shoring Cofferdams Underpinning Diaphragmislurry walls Earth-retaining Structures Construction Dewatering v vvvvvyY Horizontal pressure on the surface of the forms, proportional to the density and depth of the conerete in a liquid or semiliquid state. Lateral pressure of concrete on vertical forms. Figure (a) shows a full liquid head pressure. Figure (b) shows a situation where the concrete began to harden, thus exerting a pressure at the lower part of the form that is less than the full liquid head pressure (depth of fluid concrete from top of placement is fy). Figure (c) shows a situation similar to Figure (b), but with a lower rate of filing the forms; this results in yet a lower maximum pressure and a smaller height of liquid head pressure, hz < Mn (a) (b) (o) page CONG2 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CONG2BCWS = Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled = Planned Value BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed = Earned Value ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed = Actual Value Variances SCHEDULE VARIANCE =SV= — BCWP-BCWS ‘SV > Ois good (ahead of schedule) The SV will be 0 at project completion because then alll of the planned values will have been earned COST VARIANCE =CV= BCWP - ACWP CV > 0 is good (under budget). Indices Cost Performance Index = CPI = (BCWP/ACWP) = (Eamed/Actual) CPI < 1 means that the cost of completing the work is higher than planned (over budget) GP1=1 means that he cost of completing the work is right on plan (good) CPI > 1 means that the cost of completing the work is less than planned (under budget) (good or sometimes bad) ‘Schedule Performance Index = SPI = (BCWP/BCWS) = (Earned/Planned) SPI > 1 is good (ahead of schedule). Forecasting BAC Budget at Completion = Original Project Estimate ETC = Estimate to Complete = (BAC - BCWP)/CPI EAC = Estimate at Completion = (ACWP + ETC) ‘To-Complete Performance Index (TCP!) page CON63 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON63The TCPI provides a projection of the anticipated performance required to achieve either the BAC or the EAC. TCPI indicates the future required cost efficiency needed to achieve a target BAC (Budget At Completion) or EAC (Estimate At Complete). Any significant difference between CPI, the cost performance to date, and the TCPI, the cost performance needed to meet the BAC or the EAC, should be accounted for by management in their forecast of the final cost. For the TCPI based on BAC (describing the performance required to meet the original BAC budgeted total) TCPI = (BAC — BCWS)BAC — ACWP) For the TCPI based on EAC (describing the performance required to meet a new, revised budget total EAC): ‘TCPI = (BAC - BCWP)(EAC — ACWP) Independent Estimate At Completion (IEAC: The IEAC is a metric to project total cost using the performance to date to project overall performance. This can be compared to the EAC, which is the manager's projection IEAC = ACWP + (BAC - BCWP)/CPI Equipment Productivity LOADER PRODUCTION = (3600°Q*F*E)/[T*60*(1+SWELL)] (Units are CY/hour) LOADER PRODUCTION = (3600*Q"F*E*W)/[T*60*2000] (Units are Ton/hour) Q = Heaped bucket capacity (LCY) F = Bucket fill factor E = Efficiency (minutes per hour) T= Cycle time (seconds) W= Aggregate weight (LB/CY) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) page CON64 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON641. Load with exchange 3. Dump and maneuver Figure 13. Earthwork Operations Manufacturer's specification sheets will list both struck and heaped capacities. ‘Struck material measured straight across the top of the body. SSsnnonnn Figure 14. Dump Truck with Struck Material Figure 15. Heaped material based on a 2:1 slope above hauler bodies. page CON65 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON65‘Trucks Required = (Truck Cycle Time)/Loader Cycle Time Tower Cranes The flexibility of its freely suspended hook moving in three planes provides a tremendous advantage in terms of load pick-up and positioning. Advantage of having both the operator and jib above the construction site. The hoist cable runs from the hoist drum located on the crane's counter jib, through the jib and then to the trolley and down to the hook. SLEWING RING LOCATION Fixed tower-type crane has the slewing ring located at the top of the tower and the jib slews around the vertical axis of the tower Slewing ring located at the base of the tower and both the tower and jib slew relative to the base. Fixed base (stationary) — either free standing or braced to the building structure Climbing ~ lifts itself on the building structure as the work progresses. Usually climbs through an opening within the structure. Must insure that the structure's framing has sufficient load carrying capacity to support the added stresses of the combined weight of the crane and the lifted loads. Traveling — on rails or wheels Maximum free standing height is the height to which a tower crane can safely rise from its base without the need of external bracing for lateral stiffing. Maximum braced height is the height to which a tower crane can safely rise from its base with additional external bracing for lateral sttfing page CON66__Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON66.page CON67 Boom tip extension (jib) __— Crawler mounting +——Hook Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON67Trt Horizontal jib Ling boom Articulate > FIGURE 3-29. Major types of tower cranes. ‘pane FIGURE S-30, Terminology of horizontal jib tower crane. (Courtesy of Manitowo:) END OF SECTION page CON68___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON68.Mh Means and Methods - Problems A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods C. Temporary Structures and Facilities 301. Which of the following would a cast-in-place ground slab or floor not use to separate steel reinforcing bars or wire mesh from the ground? |. Precast cementitious blocks Il Metal chairs Ill. Wood risers IV. Wire bolsters V. Plastic bar supports VI. Cellulose spacer blocks A) Iiland VI B) |, Il, and VI C) LIV, and V D) Hi, 1V, Vand VI 302. Which of the following types of joints typically does not use dowels? |. Construction joints N. Control joints I. Contraction joints \V. Expansion joints V. Isolation joints A) land V B) land V ©) Illand iv D) 1, Ml, Vand V page CON69___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON69303. In addition to location of the pour, tremie concrete poured underwater differs from common conerete poured in the air primarily in its ‘A) placement method and equipment B) components and additives C) specific gravity D) aggregate size 304. In very hot weather, thin floor slabs of newly poured concrete would most normally be: A) Sprinkled with rock salt or potassium chloride B) Sprayed with or submerged with water C) Kept insulated by dry burlap insulation D) Covered by cube or slush ice. 305. Which statement about the placement of asphalt is NOT true? A) The hotter the mix temperature above 300°F at the time of initial compaction, the better the results. B) In general, too low a percentage of air voids results in a shortened roadway life. C) Poor compaction will result if the mix is too cold at the time of initial compaction. D) The mix is usually in the temperature range of 260°F to 280°F at the time of spreading, 306. If the water-to-cement ratio of concrete is decreased, which statement about the concrete is NOT true? ‘A) Water tightness is decreased. B) Workability is decreased C) Strength is increased D) Durability is increased. page CON70 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. _ page CON70307. When a concrete slab is placed on a hot windy day, it is NOT permissible to: ‘A) Add field water as needed to obtain the desired consistency and workability B) Keep mix water cool and aggregate moist by shading and sprinkling, C) Spray or protect the concrete surfaces with wet burlap to retard hardening. D) Moisten the forms and the reinforcement prior to placement of concrete to minimize evaporation. 308. A four lane concrete highway is to be paved in two passes, two adjacent lanes at a time. To facilitate connecting with the subsequent pour, the edge of the concrete is fitted with concrete dowels running transverse to the direction of travel, and the edge is keyed. This joint would most likely be referred to as a A) Transverse, tied and keyed expansion joint B) Transverse, tied and keyed construction joint ©) Skewed contraction joint D) Longitudinal tied construction joint 309. It is 100° F and you are placing concrete. In order to keep your aggregate cool, which of the following methods are applicable? |. Add ice to the conorete mix II. Shade and cool (spray water on) your aggregate piles. Ill, Paint your equipment white Al B) Il ©) land tl D) 1,1. And tit page CON71 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. _page CON71310. The compressive strength of concrete depends primarily on which of the following factor(s): 1 Shape of aggregate particles MV Water- cement ratio Ml Conditions of mixing IV. Curing and aging time A) land il B) Honly C) |, Wand iv D) All of the above 311. Without taking special precautions, water used in mixing concrete must be: A) Clean and free of substances deleterious to concrete or reinforcement B) Non potable C) Deionozed D) Salty 312. A loader has a full-bucket capacity of 3 cubic yards and the average time required to place one bucket load of soil into a truck is one minute. The loader is supported by four trucks with a volume of 15 cubic yards each and a cycle time of 12 minutes plus the time to load the truck. What is the ideal productivity of this system? A) 180 cy/hr B) 212 cy/hr C) 277 cyfhr D) 300 cy/hr page CON72 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON72Use the following information to work Problems 313 and 314. A backhoe with a bucket capacity of 1 cubic yard has a standard production rate of 960 cubic yards per day for an 8 hour day with a 30 second cycle time. The following work conditions at the site affect the productivity of the backhoe. Work Conditions at the Site Factors Bulk Composition 0.954 Soil Properties and water content 0.983 Equipment idle time for worker breaks 0.800 Management efficiency 0.700 313. Determine the job site productivity of the backhoe. A) 504 CY B) 637 CY c) 800 CY D) 960 CY 314, Determine the actual cycle time of the backhoe. ‘A) 30 seconds B) 40 seconds C) 50 seconds D) 87 seconds page CON73 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON73.Use the following information to work Problems 315 and 316 A dump truck with a capacity of six cubic yards is used to dispose of excavated materials. The distance from the dump site is 4 miles and the average speed of the dump truck is 30 mph. The dump truck standard dumping time is 30 seconds. The job- site productivity of the backhoe is 504 cubic yards per 8-hour day with a cycle time of 57 seconds. The backhoe has a bucket with a capacity of 1 cubic yard, The job site productivity of the backhoe is modified by a swell factor of 1.1. The only factors affecting the job-site productivity of the dump truck are 0.80 for equipment idle time and 0.70 for management efficiency. 315. Determine the job site productivity of one dump truck per 8 hour day. A) 60.0 CY B) 72.6CY C) 80.0 CY D) 92.0 CY 316, Determine the number of trucks needed daily. A) 6 Trucks B) 7 Trucks C) 8 Trucks D) 9 Trucks page CON74 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Righls Reserved. _ page CON74317. In shored construction, which factors do not influence the length of time between pouring concrete and stripping the forms? I Ml I. v. Vi Weather Project specifications Developed concrete strength ACI 347 Project schedule Local ordinances A) land Ill B) land IV ©) Hand IV D) Vand VI 318, What is the design load for an 8-foot tall concrete wall to be poured at a rate of 4 fthr, internally vibrated at a temperature of 90° F? The conorete mixture will use Type | cement without retarders and is estimated to weigh 150 pef. A) 275 PSF B) 550 PSF C) 600 PSF D) 1100 PSF page CON75 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON75.319, Determine the maximum design wall pressure (psf) on concrete forms that will be used for the following data. Conerete weight = 180 pef Height of wall = 124t8in Rate of Placement (R) = 5 ft/hr Concrete Temperature = = 80°F A) 600 psf B) 712 psf C) 1,900 psf D) 2,000 psf 320. Normal weight concrete with a 3-inch slump is poured at the vertical rate of 4-feet per hour into the form for a 12-foot high retaining wall. The concrete is vibrated to a depth of 4-feet. The temperature is 60 °F. Most nearly, what is the design hydrostatic pressure experienced by the formwork? A) 500 PSF B) 600 PSF C) 750 PSF D) 1,800 PSF 321. Per ASCE 37-02, the formwork for slabs must be designed to resist all but which one of the following: ‘A) Impact loading from the placement of concrete. B) Weight of the concrete C) Construction loads D) Additional live load generated by workers and equipment. page CON76 __ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. AllRights Reserved. __ page CON76322, Recently your company was awarded a large commercial office building project which is comprised of a reinforced concrete superstructure. You have the task of designing the formwork. If you use Douglas-fir-larch (d-F) for the basis of your design calculations, the proper value to use for the load duration factor Cx for the wood is most nearly: A) 0.90 B) 1.00 ©) 1.15 D) 1.25 323. You are designing a free-standing masonry wall that is 16 feet in height. It will be laterally braces during construction. According to CMWB 2012, the required strength of masonry elements and connections to bracing systems must be designed in accordance with which of the following load combinations: 1.0.90 + 1.3W I. 1.20 + 1.6W Ill, 0.9D + 1.6W IV, 1.20 + 1.3W + 1.2P A) | only B) | and IV C) Ill and IV D) Il only 324. The minimum factor of safety against rotational failure for permanent slopes under long-term, non-seismic conditions influence occupied structures is closest to: A) 1.0 B) 14 co) 1.5 D) 3.0 page CON77 __Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON77.325. A wall form is subjected to a wind load of 20 psf is prevented from overturning by diagonal braces spaced at 8 feet on center along the length of the wall form as shown in the figure. The connection at the base of the form at Point A is equivalent to a hinge. Ignore the weight of the form. The axial force (in pounds) resisted by the brace is most nearly: ‘A) 2,050 pounds B) 2,560 pounds C) 2,900 pounds D) 4,525 pounds 326. A crane with a 100-foot boom is being used to set a small load on the roof of the building shown. The minimum standoff (Point A) from the center of the building to the centerline of the boom is indicated. What is the maximum distance (in feet) from the edge of the building that the load can be placed on the roof? A) 16 feet B) 25 feet C) 30 feet D) 36 feet crane boom foot BUILDING 5 ft 10 fils ® centerline crane END OF SECTION page CON78 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. _ page CON78.ll. Means and Methods - Solutions A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods ©. Temporary Structures and Fa page CON79___ Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON79.301. A. IILAND VI After curing, wood and cellulose products would absorb moisture and attract termites. They are not used to support bars in slabs. All of the other listed items are used to separate steel reinforcing bars or wire mesh from the ground. 302. B) land V Control joints, as a method of controlling where cracking will occur, are typically created by saw cutting, Although steel reinforcing may be present at a control joint, dowels will not, Isolation joints separate concrete slabs from columns, footing, and walls, They are used to separate elements that experience differences in loading (soil pressure) and settlement. No connection between the elements should exist. Expansion and contraction joints can be doweled; the slab slides along the dowel bar as the slab expands or contracts. Construction joints are doweled to ensure complete load transfer when subsequent portions of the slab are poured 303. A) Placement method and equipment Tremie concrete gets its name from the delivery pipe (the tremie) that reaches from above the water surface to the lowest submerged delivery point. The lower end of the tremie is kept buried in freshly delivered concrete. The concrete is fairly normal in its chemistry and components, 304. B) Sprayed with or submerged with water While ice could be used to reduce temperatures until the cooler night arrives, it is easier and more cost effective to rely on evaporation of liquid water (that is the swamp cooler effect) to lower the temperature. 305. A)The hotter the mix temperature above 300°F at the time of initial compaction, the better thi Its. If a mix is too hot it will push up in front of the roller and cause poor compaction Reference (Asphalt Handbook, P. 289). page CON80___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON80htness 306. Water, reased Water tightness is the ability of concrete to hold or retain water without visible leakage Generally, less permeable concrete is more watertight. A lower water-cement ratio reduces permeability, thereby increasing water tightness. Reference: Portland Cement Association, Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures. 307. A) Add field water as needed to obtain the desired consistency and workability. 308. D) Longitudinal tied construction joint The joint runs longitudinally along the highway and is tied by the dowels to the next phase of construction (that is the next pour). The key is probably an unnecessary detail, as the dowels will prevent both vertical and lateral separation of the separate pours. 309 D) All of the above conditions are allowable for keeping your concrete cool. Ice is water and does not change the actual water to cement ratio of the mix as long as the mix is designed for the added ice. 310. B) Il only The compressive strength of concrete depends primarily on the water-cement ratio. However, other factors such as characterization of the cement, conditions of mixing, character and grading of the aggregate, size of the aggregate, size and shape of the specimen, curing and aging, temperature and moisture content at the time of testing also have bearing on the compressive strength. 344. A) Water for concrete should not contain deleterious substances. page CON81 __ Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. _ page CON81342, A) 180 cy/he Time to load one truck = (15 cy)/(3 cy/min) = 5 minutes, Cycle time for one truck = 5 minutes to load + 12 minutes to travel, dump and return = 17 minutes Loading time for four trucks = 4*5 = 20 minutes Therefore, an empty truck is always available to load Ideal Productivity = [(60 minutes/hour)/(5 minutes/truck)}*(15 cubic yardsitruck) = 180 cy/hr 313. A) 504 CY Productivity = (960 cy)(0.964)(0.983)(0.8)(0.7) = 504 CY 314, D) 57 seconds Cycle Time = (30 seconds)[0.954*0,983°0.8*0.7) = 57 seconds 315. — B) 72.6 CY Truck travel time = [(2)(4 miles)(3,600 seconds/hour)}/{(30 mph)(0.8)(0.7) = 1,714 seconds Truck fill time = [(67 seconds)/(0.8°0.7)}*(6 oy/1 cy) = 611 seconds Truck dump time = (30 seconds)/(0.8*0.7) = 54 seconds Total cycle time = 1,714 + 614 + 54 = 2,379 seconds Job site productivity of one dump truck = (6 CY)(8 hours)(/3,600 seconds/hour)/(2,379 seconds) =72.6CY page CON82 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON82346. C) 8 Trucks N= (1.1)(604 CY)(72.6 CY) = 7.6 Round up use 8 trucks 317. D) V AND VI The length of time that formwork is left on before being stripped is an engineering decision, under the jurisdiction of the project engineer. Guidance to the contractor will be placed in the project specifications. The engineer will consider various factors when writing the specifications including developed conerete strength and loading. ACI 347 recommendations may be considered in some situations when the actual requirements are difficult to determine. The specifications may have options dependent on the local temperature, the need to remove insulating formwork, or cool the conerete during curing. The project schedule and local ordinances should not be permitted to dictate the time between pouring concrete and stripping forms 348. C. 600 PSF REFERENCE: ACI 347, LINDEBURG CH 49 P = Cw'Co"(150 + 9000°RIT) Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Cc= 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT R=4 T=90 P = 1*1"(150 + 9000*4/90) = 550 PSF Pmax = WH = 150 * 8 = 1,200 PSF Pmin = 600(1) = 600 PSF 550 < 600 < 1200 DESIGN LOAD = 600 PSF page CON83 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _page CON83349. B) 712 psf Reference ACI 347 R= 5 fhr T=80°F H= 1267 ft Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Co= 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT P = Co*Cw*(150 + 9000R/T) P = (1)(1)(150 + 9000(5)/80)) P=712 psf Pmax = 150H = 150(12.67) = 900 psf Pmin = Cw*600 = 1(600) = 600 psf Pmin < P< Pmax 600 < 712 < 1900 Use P Design = 712 psf page CONS4 Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON84320. C) 750 psf Reference ACI 347, LINDEBURG P. 49-7 R=4 hr T= 60°F H=12¢t Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Co= 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT P = (1)(1)(150 + 9000R/T) = (1)(1)(150 + 9000(4)/60) P= 750 psf Pmax = 150H = 150(12) = 1,800 psf Pmin = Cw"600 = 1(600) = 600 Pmin < P < Pmax 600 < 750 < 1800 Use P Design = 750 psf 324. D) Addi /@ load generated by workers and equipment. Reference: Per 4.1.1 of code, Page 11 322, D) 1.25 Reference: NDS Table 2.3.2 Page 11 Construction Load. 323. C) Ill and IV Reference Page 19 section 5.4.2, eq. 5.4.2-1 and 5.4.2-2 324.C.1.5 References: Day, Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering, 1999 Pages 10-27 page CON85 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved.325. C) 2,900 Pounds Reference: Hurd, Formwork for Concrete, ACI SP-4, Seventh Edition, 2005. w = (20 psf)(8 ft) = 160 Ib/ vertical foot per brace location ZMa=0 EMa = (160 Ib/t)(16 #)(16 U2) — 10f4(R,) Rx= 2,048 pounds Axial Load in brace = (2,048)'2°° = 2,896 pounds 1 326, B) 25 feet Reference: Shapiro, Shapiro and Shapiro, Cranes and Derricks, Third Edition, 2000, page 244 Tan@= 40/30 = = 53.13° (cos 53.13° ) * (100 feet) = 60 feet 40 ft 50 ft 60-35 = 25 feet s0f © END OF SECTION page CON86__Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON86VII, Site Development Discussion A. Excavation and Embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control Earthmoving is defined as the process of moving soil or rock from a location to a new location to changing its conditions according to engineering requirements of a project, (grading, elevation, compaction...) Earthmoving activities are excavating, loading, hauling, placing (dumping and spreading), compacting, grading, and finishing. Figure 16. Three Link Earthwork System Earthwork is based on surveying coordinates (centerline or baseline, stations, horizontal curves and vertical curves) and the corresponding geometric views (plan, profile and cross-sections) Figure 17. Plan View of Highway page CONS? _Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON87The plan view is looking down on the proposed work and presents the horizontal alignment of features. The profile view is a cut view typically along the centerline of the work. It presents the vertical alignment of features. gle 8 ag a8 a +e PVIELEV = 123.73, ile Sa] |e, eustasnems al 5g ea] |t8 as #8) lag 2g 288% | >. & Bla ce IK] 188 slg Ss IRB a\e é & 5 le Se ge sis ge ais ae a ze |p 5 7-00 Toeo0 Tr Tee 0 ry Figure 18. Profile View of Highway Cross-Section View is a view formed by a plane cutting the work at a right angle to its long axis. When the ground surface is regular, cross-sections are typically taken at every full station (100 feet). When the ground is irregular, sections must be taken at closer intervals and at points of change in elevation page CONS8 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON88. }CLStation = 0+00 CL Road Elevation = 158.00 Sketch not to scale Figure 19. Cross-Section View Existing Natural Ground Finished Grade Existing Natural Ground CL Station = +50, CL Road Elevation = 134.00 Sketch not to scale Figure 20. Cross-Section View page CON89___Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON89.Excavation volume measurement uses average cross-sections along the alignment (typically at 50 feet or 100 feet intervals). Plot the natural ground level and the proposed grade profile and indicate areas of cut and fill Calculate volume of earthwork between cross-sections. Assumes volume between two cross sections is the average of the areas multiplied by the distance between the cross-sections. Average end area method: V = (0.5)(A; + Ag)(L)/27 Figure 21. Average End Area Method Use of the Average end area method technique may lead to volume errors when cross- sections taper between cut and fill sections, For better accuracy use the Prismoidal formula. V = (L/6)*(A1 + 4m + Az)/27 V = Volume in cubic yards L = Length (distance between cross-sections in feet A\= Cross-section area in square feet 27 = unit conversion (27 cubic feet per cubic yard) page CON90 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All RightsReserved. _page CON90Am = Cross section area of mid-section in square feet Mass Haul Diagram is a curve with its horizontal axis (X) as the distance from the original station and its vertical axis (Y) as the mass ordinate. Ordinate is the net accumulation of volume from an arbitrary starting point. Earthwork computations involve calculation of earthwork volumes balancing of cuts and fills and planning of the most economical material hauls. Earthmoving is basically an operation where material is removed from high spots and deposited in low spots with the “making up" of any deficit with borrow or the wasting of excess cut material. Mass Haul Diagram Terms 1. Free haul distance 2. Free haul balance points 3. Balance points 4. Center of mass 5, Total haul distance 6. Overhaul distance 7. Overhaul volume 8. Average Haul Distance Bank cubic yards (bey) Loose cubic yards (ley) Compacted cubic yards (ccy) page CON91 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON91i € Cross section for a fill page CON92 Figure 24. For Fill Sections Add the Stripping Volume Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON92For fill sections the stripping is a cut quantity; plus an equal amount must be added to the embankment quantity. Mass Haul Diagram Properties > > > > Maximum is where the cut transitions into fill Minimum is where the fill transitions into cut. Above the zero line indicates waste. Below the zero line indicates borrow. Table 1. Mass Haul Diagram Example Earthwork Worksheet (10% Fill Factor) ‘Station | End Area | Volume (CY) | Stripping | Total (CY) | Adjusted | Algebaric | Mass (SF) (ey) Fil |” Sum | Ordinate Cut_[ Fi_|-Gut_[-Far_| Cut | Fi | Cut | FN Yecyy | (en) | (cr) drool oO; of o| o| of of of o 0 0 0 or50 | 0/745] 0] 706| 0| 78| 0|7%24| 138-708] 138 1400 |_| 112| 0[210| Of 30| 0|240| 267| -267 | -405 200 | o| S4| 0[307| o| 44] o|351| 300| -300| -796 2+50 | 64| 30] 59| 78| 0|22| 59/100; 111] -52| -847 3+00 | 120| 0| 470 28| 26| 0| 744| 28[ 31] 114-734 4+00 | 160| 0[519| O| 76] 0] 443] 0 oO, 443-201 5+00 | 317| 0/ 883| 0| 74] 0|809| 0 o[ 800] 518 6+00 | 51| 0|681| 0| 60| O|e2t| 0 of 62% | 7,140 6+50 | 46/ 6| 90| 6| 24] o| 69] 6 6 63 | 1,202 7+00 | 0] 425] 43| 421| 0| 25] 43| 146| t63|__-120| 1,082 +00 | 0} 1a6| 0|576| 0| 61| o|657| 730] -730| 352 e+50 | 0[332[ o|4s0| o|69| o|s49| 610] -t60| -257 pageCONS3 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON93.EXAMPLE MASS HAUL DIAGRAM PLOTTED FROM EARTHWORK WORKSHEET ¥ ~ r 1000 | |_| 500 500 (CUMULATIVE EARTHWORK VOLUME (CY) | 0.00 100 © 2.00 3.004.00 «5.00» 6.00 7.00» 8.00 9.00 STATION (STATIONS) Figure 25, Example Mass Haul Diagram Plotted From Table 1 Data page CONS4 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON94Figure 26. page CON95 Relationship Between Profile View and Mass Haul Diagram Copyright by www TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CONSS:Direction Profile view of haul Profile grade line c Mass diagram Average haul distance Cutting, Filling Balance line B (Maximum haul distance) Figure 27. Average Haul Distance END OF SECTION page CON96 __Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON96.Vil. Site Development Problems A. Excavation and Embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control 401. Find the base width in feet of a triangular spoil bank containing 100 BCY if the pile length is 30 feet, the soil's angle of repose is 37° and its swell is 25%. A) 12.2 feet B) 18.3 feet C) 24.4 feet D) 30.5 feet 402. Find the height of a triangular spoil bank containing 100 BCY if the pile length is 30 feet, the soil's angle of repose is 37° and its swell is 25%. A) 2.3 feet B) 4.6 feet C) 9.2 feet D) 18.4 feet 403. Find the base diameter of a conical spoil pile containing 100 BCY of excavation, if the soil's angle of repose is 32° and its swell is 12%. A) 10.4 feet B) 22.1 feet C) 32.2 feet D) 46.5 feet 404. Find the height of a conical spoil pile containing 100 BCY of excavation, if the soils angle of repose is 32° and its swell is 12%. A) 10.1 feet B) 22.1 feet C) 32.2 feet D) 46.5 feet page CON97 __Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON97_shown. Values shown at each corner are depths of excavation. A) 100 CY B) 200 CY C) 300 CY D) 400 cy Basement Plan View 405. Estimate the volume of excavation (CY) required (bank measure) for the basement eof 25.0 ft wide a2ft > 30.0 ft long 58 ft 76 ft right by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __page CON98408. Laboratory testing was performed on a soil sample with the following results. Sieve# % Passing Liquid Limit = 32 3 inch 100 Plastic Limit = 25 1.5 inch 98 0.75 inch 96 #4 7 #10 - #20 55 #40 = #100 30 #200 18 According to the Unified Soil Classification System, the classification of the sample is most nearly: A) Sw 8) SP c) SM D) sc 407. A reading of 9.00 feet is taken on a 13-foot level rod when the top is 1.00 feet out of plumb (vertical). The correct reading (reading if the rod had been truly vertical) is most nearly: A) 8.96 Feet B) 8.97 Feet C) 9.03 Feet D) 9.04 Feet page CONS9 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. __ page CON99408. Cross-Section areas to be excavated (cut) are given below. The volume of earth to be excavated between station 4+35 and 5+65 is most nearly (using prismoidal method): Station End Area (SF) ] 3+00 247 4+00 269 4435 322, 500 305 5+65 418 ____6+00 294 700 168 1 A) 1,460 CY B) 1,840 CY C) 1,860 CY D) 1,900 cy 409. Using the average-end-area method calculate the cut volume for stations 129 + 00 through 130 + 00. A) 1,200 bey B) 2,500 bey C) 5,200 bey D) 8,300 bey Station End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 125 + 00 0 785 126 + 00 652 0 127 + 00, 2,150 0 128 + 00, 3,210 0 129 + 00, 1,255 147 130 +00 95 780) 131 +00, 0 3,666 page CON100__Copyright by www. TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON100 I410. Using the average-end-area method calculate the fill volumes for stations 22 + 00 through 23 + 00. A) Occy B) 150 ccy C) 550 coy D) 600 ccy Station End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 19 +00 326 0 20+ 00 157 0 21 +00 a4 0 21 +50 0 0 22 +00 0 147 23 +00 0 165 24+ 00 0 133 411. Using the average-end-area method calculate the net cut and fill volume for stations 28 + 00 to 29 + 00. A) 0 boy B) 3,150 bey C) 4,550 bey D) 6,850 boy Station End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 25 + 00 0 3,525 26 +00 355 985 27 +00 786 125 28 +00 2,515 55 29+ 00 1,255 23 29+ 25 620 0 2950 25 845 30+ 00 0 3,655 34400 0 8,560 pageCON101 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. page CON101412. Refer to the following test data: % passing #200 sieve 60 Liquid limit 55 Plastic limit 25, ‘The USCS Classification of the soil is: A)A7-6 B) Clay Loam ©). CL D) CH 413. Which of the following formulas for bank cubic volume (BCY), loose volume (LCY), compacted volume (CCY), swell factor (S), shrinkage factor (D) and load factor (LF) is NOT correct? A) CCY = BCY(1 - D) B) BCY = LF*LCY C) LCY = (1 + S)(BCY) D) CCY = LCY((1 +S) END OF SECTION page CON102 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON102VII. Site Development Discussion Solutions A. Excavation and Embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control 401. C) 24.4 feet References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. B= (4vi(LttanR))?> V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 oflCY"1.25 V=3,375 of L=30ft R=37° B= [(4°3,375)/(30*tan(37))] °° = 24.4 feet 402. C) 9.2 References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. H = 0.5*B(tank) B= (4Vi(L*tanR))°> V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 cflCY"1.25 V=3,375 cf L=30f R=37° B = [(4*3,375)/(30*tan(37°)] °° = 24.4 feet H = 0.5*24.4*tan(37°) = 9.2 feet pageCON103 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON103403. C) 32.2 feet References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. V= Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 cflCY"1.12 V= 3,024 of D = (7.64Vi(tanR))°? D = [(7.64"3,024)/tan(32°)] °° = 32.2 feet 404. A) 10.4 feet References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. V= Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 cfiCY"1.12 V= 3,024 of D = (7.64Vi(tanR))°*? D = [(7.64*3,024)/tan(32°)] °° = 32.2 feet H = 0.5*D"tan(R) H = 0.5°32,2"tan(32°) = 10.1 feet 405. B) 200 BCY References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. Area = 25 ft*30 ft = 750 sf Average Depth = (6.0 + 8.2 + 7.6 + 5.8)/4 =6.9ft Volume = (750 sf* 6.9 ft)/(27cfley) Volume = 191.7 BCY = 200 BCY page CON104 Copyright by www.TestNMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON104References” Nunnally Construction Methods and Management. Based on 77% passing the #4 sieve and 82% retained on the #200 sieve, the soil is classified as a sand, either SM or SC. Based on the fines having LL = 32 and PI =7, the fines would be classified as ML, nonplastic. Therefore, according to the Unified Soil Classification System, the sample is classified as SM 407. B) 8.97 FEET THETA = SIN“(1/13) = 4.412° E = 9.00 COS (4.412°) = 6.97 FEET 408. C) 1,860 CY V = 130 FT(322 +4°395 +418)SF/[6"27CFICY] V= 1,862 CY 409. B) 2,500 BCY V = 0.5"(1,255+95)"100/27 V= 2,500 BCY Station End Area Cut | EndAreaFill | Volume of | Volume of (SF) (SF) Cut(BcY) | Fill (CCY) 125 + 00, 0 785 0 0 126 + 00 652 0 7207 7454 127 +00 2,150 0 5,189 0 128 +00 3,210 0 9,926 0 129 + 00, 1,255 147 8,269 272, 130 + 00, 95 780 2,500 i717 131 +00 0 3,686 176 8,233 page CON105 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. _ page CON105