Emergency (1975 – 1977)

1. Emergency is a period of governance under altered constitutional setup. When president of

india claims a grave danger to country from internal or external sources or from dire dire
financial situations.
2. It is needed to maintain sovereignity, integrity, unity, security of country.
3. And doesn’t wait to pass a bill in lok sabha.
4. In emergency union and central govt becomes powerful
5. It is given in part 18 of constitution of articles 352-360
6. 3 types of emergency

National emergency (ar 352)

President’s rule (ar 356)

Financial emergency (ar 360)

7. Controversy - Happened because at that PM Mrs Indira Gandhi mainly to retain political control.
And due to internal disturbance.
8. Mainly due to “Raj Narayan case”
9. In 1971 elections Raj Narain stand against Indira Gandhi. But Indirta Gandhi won. But Raj Narain
accused Indira Gandhi of electoral malpractice to manipulate the votes. And won the case in
1975.
10. Because of that Indira Gandhi disqualified from lok sabha and banned from electing to next 6
years.
11. Because of that Indira Gandhi announced mergency after 10 – 12 days.
12. Jai Prakash Narayan led many movements like Bihar movement, Nav nirman andolan etc which
cause tension to Indira Gandhi because these movements wants congress out of power.
13. Also against Indira Gandhi’s anti democratic activities.
14. Indira Gandhi rewrite many laws and passed many ordinances and other harsh measures.
15. Arrest all opposition leaders.
16. Emergency revoked in 1977 under international and national pressure. And after that in next
general elections BJP won the elections.
17. Then Morarji Desai become PM and formed shah commission and find the cause of this
emergency. And brings 44th constitutional amendment act. 1978.
18. But when this investigation progress BJP goes out of power.