HISTORY PUNJAB CURRICULUM AND TEXTBOOK BOARD, LAHOREAll rights reserved with the Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore. No part of this book can be copied, translated, reproduced or used for preparation of test papers, guide books, key notes, helping books, etc. CONTENTS Chapter| Topics Page No. No. 1 Consolidation of British Rule 1 2 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement B 3 Political Awakening in British India 24 4 Quest for Political Settlement 37 5 Struggle for Pakistan 53 * Glossary 69 AUTHORS @ MunawarIbn-e-Sadiq @ Qazi Abdul Qadeer © Dr. Azhar Hameed © Prof. Basheeruddin Malik @ Prof. Ansarul Hassan @ Dr. Muhammad Shafi Mirza © Dr. Shahbaz Khan @ Malik Ameeruddin Ahsan © Mehar Safdar Waleed @ Aliya Anwar Shah Translators Prof. Sultan Khan @ Prof. Zahid Aziz Prof. Tariq Mehmood Khan Editor/Supervision —» Ghiyas Amir Artist Composing & Layout Publisher: Printer: Date of Printing Edition Impression __No. of Copies Aisha Waheed Hafiz Inam-ul-Haq @ Muhammad Ashraf Junaid PriceConsolidation of British R Students’ Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, students will be able to: describe the transfer of British Power in India from East India Company to the Crown and the salient features of Queen Victoria's proclamation, delineate the structure of British administration in India and early efforts to co-opt, Indians in the British setup. outline the objectives and results of the British education policy with special reference to Lord Macaulay's Minute and Wood's Despatch (1854) identity the salient features of colonial economic policy in India highlight the measures for the social transformation since the British accession to power. specify the advantages and implications of communication networks introduced by the British discuss the quantum of devolution of power to Indians introduced in the Acts of 1861, 1892, 1909, 1919, Establishment of East India Company Before the arrival of the British in India, Arab traders used to visit India for the purpose of trade. They pursued trade with India and earned huge profit. They began to take Indian goods to Europe for trade purpose and developed good relationship with European people. The European traders also wished to do the trade with India at their own. First of all the Portuguese traders came to India and earned huge profit, followed by British and French traders .The British traders superseded other European nations in trade with India. In 1600, the British traders, after getting royal permission from the Queen of England, established East India Company for the purpose of trade. East India Company and Mughal Period The Mughal Emperor Jahangir facilitated the company and exempted it