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Adaptacion Notas de Clase PDF
Adaptacion Notas de Clase PDF
Fuente: SENA
In today’s changing world everything transforms so fast that we don’t even notice it.
What exists today may be gone or different tomorrow. Being able to adapt to
different situations and the challenges life presents to us is the key to success and
happiness. Therefore, in order to adapt, we need to be flexible and adaptable.
Adaptability and flexibility are two key themes in this learning activity.
Introductory material
Dear learner,
This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 2.
1. Mixed conditionals.
Let’s begin!
1. Mixed conditionals
A. Conditionals are used to talk about possible or imaginary situations. They can
refer to aspects in the present, past or future. They are formed by two parts: the
condition and the result. In English we have different types of conditionals
depending on what we want to express. Sometimes we can combine different
conditionals, resulting in a mixed conditional.
Fuente: SENA
Brad and Richard are talking about a new software in the office. Read the
conversation.
Richard: Well, I’m really confused about that new software for inventories they
implemented at the office. I don’t really understand how to use it…
Condition Result
If we didn’t have that software for we would have spent a whole
inventories week doing the last inventory.
As you can see in this example, the condition refers to a hypothetical present
situation, while the result is based in a past situation.
Condition Result
If I had studied something related to I wouldn’t be so lost now.
computers
If I had attended that training last week I wouldn’t have so many questions.
Attention:
In some mixed conditionals the structure in the condition is in the past, but the
condition refers to a present situation (hypothetical). In the example below the
structure in the condition is in the past, but it refers to a present situation:
Examples:
Fuente: SENA
If she had gone to the doctor, she
would feel better now.
Fuente: SENA
Fuente: SENA
Condition Result
If + past perfect Would / could / might + base form
Structure:
When you use would in this type of mixed conditional, it means that would be
your only choice in the situation. There is no other option you would pick.
When you use could in this type of mixed conditional, it means there is a
probability for you to take this option in the situation.
When you use might in this type of mixed conditional, it means there is less
probability for you to take this option in the situation.
Would:
indicates
certainty
Might:
indicates Could:
low Indicates
probability probability
Fuente: SENA
I would probably
If I had traveled to Miami, I could be on the beach now.
be on the beach.
There is a lower
If I had traveled to Miami, I might be on the beach now. chance I would
be on the beach.
Other examples:
We could still be living in Paris if my dad had adapted to his new job.
True condition: his dad did not adapt to his new job.
If Ana had come, she would be watching the movie with us.
True condition: Ana did not come.
This mixed conditional has a present condition and a past result. They refer to an
unreal present situation and its probable (but unreal) past result. We use it to talk
about the opposite of what really happened in the past. Using the second
conditional (Past simple) we express the opposite of the true present condition.
That is, if something in the present was different, there would have been a
hypothetical result in the past. The result in past is expressed using (Modal + past
participle).
Examples:
money.
Fuente: SENA
Fuente: SENA
We wouldn’t have travelled by car if I
didn’t feel afraid of flying.
Fuente: SENA
Structure:
Condition Result
If + past simple Would / could / might have + past participle
Other examples:
If Luis didn’t owe money to the bank, he wouldn’t have taken a second job.
We wouldn’t have arrived late to the classroom if the bell was louder.
If I had more free time, I would have taken swimming lessons last summer.
Fuente: SENA
These two concepts are quite similar. If you are flexible, you can adapt to new
situations. In today’s life, we are required to go through complex tasks. Therefore
developing skills to be flexible and adapt to different situations is really important to
become successful.
Definitions:
Flexibility
Being able to easily adapt to new situations. To cope with new conditions in an
appropriate way.
Adaptable
To fit into new conditions properly that can adapt or be adapted in a given
situation.
Andres works in a fast food restaurant. Read about his schedule and duties:
Andres is 23. He works in a big fast food restaurant.
He likes working there as there are opportunities for
him to grow and learn a lot. However Andres’s job
is challenging: His schedule is not fixed, so it
changes every week. Sometimes he works in the
afternoons, sometimes at night, etc., additionally;
his job involves dealing with different tasks as roles
are switched every day in the restaurant. Some
days he is a waiter, some days he is a cook; also
he can be a cashier, etc. Andres feels he is learning
a lot with this experience. “I like the fact that I don’t
know exactly what I will have to deal with next week
or whether I’ll have to work in the morning,
afternoon or night. It makes it interesting. Although
it is a challenging job, I really enjoy it”.
Fuente: SENA
According to his boss, Andres is one of the best
employees in the restaurant. Soon he will start
training to become a supervisor.
As you can see, Andres is a flexible person. Able to adapt to new situations and
changes. That’s why he is a successful worker in the restaurant.
Fuente: SENA
Fuente: SENA
Would you study in a country where they speak
a language you barely know?
Fuente: SENA
Fuente: SENA
How would you react to these situations? Would you take a chance or would you
rather stay in the comfort zone of the things you already know?
When situations like these arrive, we need to be ready to deal with them. Taking
them as an opportunity to train yourself in something new, or something
challenging can lead to positive outcomes and new learning experiences.
People who are not flexible or don’t have the ability to adapt to new conditions
usually get paralyzed when something changes. They find it difficult to understand
why they have to change and instead would like the world to adapt to them. On the
other hand, people who take changes in a positive way are usually able to adapt to
new conditions and succeed in their different roles in society.
Flexibility and adaptability are very important in everyday life as they can make our
lives better in different aspects and can make us happier.
Flexibility is in our minds. The more open-minded we are the easier we can adapt
to new situations in life.
Here are some tips you can incorporate in your everyday life to become more
flexible and adaptable:
Change the way you conceive new things: Next time you are faced with a
situation that presents relevant changes to the way you do things, take it as an
opportunity to learn something new. Explore the situation, adapt to different roles,
responsibilities and contexts.
Deal with changing priorities: Priorities change in everyday life for several
reasons: the deadline for a presentation or paper may have changed, a new task in
your job that is challenging, something to be fixed at home, etc. Being able to
effectively deal with these changes is important. Try to focus your attention on the
new priority and don’t let yourself get affected by these changes.
Next time you get negative feedback, learn to pause before you react. Don’t take
feedback personally, rather learn from your mistakes and try to avoid repeating the
same ones. See negative feedback as an opportunity to grow and improve rather
than as mere criticism.
Steve is a 28 year old man from Canada. He lives in Toronto with his family. He is
a professional basketball player. But he is exceptional in one respect: he only has
one leg!
Believe it or not, this amazing man plays basketball with one leg. Basketball is
quite a challenging sport for a lot of people; it is hard to run up and down across
the court and try to score. Now, imagine doing the same task with just one leg!
Sounds impossible, yet. Steve does it like a pro.
How did he lose his leg? He suffered a car accident when he was 13. However he
survived, even after losing 55% of his blood during the accident. After the accident,
everybody thought he was not going to play basketball anymore. However he was
determined to return to the court. After a few weeks he came back to the court to
practice with the ball in his wheelchair. Even though he had to deal with many
obstacles, he never gave up until he achieved his goals.
Steve is flexible. He can take on different roles in his life. He has appeared on
television several times. He even wrote a book called “Playing the hard way” where
he tells his story. This amazing man is quite an example of courage and
determination.
Match the words / phrases in bold from the reading to these definitions by writing
the correct word in front of each definition. Use a dictionary if necessary.
Fuente: SENA
A function or position.
An idiom is a common expression that is not taken literally. It means that there is a
different meaning in a situation or context.
For example, the expression “piece of cake” means that something is easy to do.
When we use this phrase in an idiomatic way, it does not mean part of a dessert.
Look at the example.
Fuente: SENA
Fuente: SENA
Idioms are very common in spoken English as they are informal. Idioms can be
used in any context. Here are some idioms that can be used to talk about flexibility
and adaptability. They can describe a person, object or a situation:
Here are other common idioms when talking about flexibility and
adaptability:
Contextualization
Fuente: SENA
Have you ever thought about travelling to Japan? Well if one day you have the
chance to, you might want to stay in a capsule hotel.
Each guest is provided with a small sleeping “capsule” provided with a TV, an
alarm clock, a light, a small table and a blanket. The door is made of transparent
plastic material, and there is also a small curtain to be used when you want to get
some privacy. As the walls are very thin, you are requested to be quiet and
courteous with your neighbors.
There is also a shared bathroom and shared showers. In order to keep your
belongings, you can rent a small locker where you can put your clothes and
belongings. Shoes are not allowed inside the capsule, by the way. You need to
take them off and wear slippers.
Fuente: SENA
Sadly, most capsule hotels are for men only. Although a few of them offer floors for
women, few women use this kind of service.
How about you, dear reader? Would you consider staying in one of these hotels if
you were short of money?
Comprehension
True False
1. Capsule hotels are only for men.
2. They are cheaper and more comfortable than traditional
hotels.
3. It is a good option for people with a limited budget.
a. it is forbidden to be noisy.
b. has a curtain.
c. cannot be closed.
A. Use the information given in each sentence as a clue. One example is done for
you. Use contractions when possible.
Example:
1. She will achieve her goals because she is very determined. But she
____________________ (achieved) her goals if she _____________
(determined).
3. Ana broke up with her fiancée, so she is sad. But if she _____________
(break up) with her fiance, she ______________ (be) happy.
4. Nicole speaks French fluently because she studied in Quebec the last
summer. But Nicole ______________ (speak) French fluently if
she______________ (study) in Quebec last summer.
5. My dad has to deal with a lot of obstacles in his new project; therefore he
didn’t travel with us to the Caribbean. But if he _________________ (have to)
deal with a lot of obstacles in his new project, he _________________
(travel) with us to the Caribbean.
6. Cark and Mica are not getting married today because their flight was
cancelled. But if their flight ________________ (cancel), they
_________________ (get) married today.
B. Join each condition with the corresponding result. One example is done for you:
Conditions Results
I wouldn’t be
If we had a a
faster car professional
now.
If I hadn't I wouldn’t be
lost my ID in prison
now.
If I hadn’t
followed my We would
parent’s have already
advice arrived at the
airport.
If my internet I would
connection have been
weren’t so in the party
bad last night.
If this
exercise I would have
weren’t so attended the
difficult meeting
online.
C. Mark is having a job interview. Complete the interview with the words from the
box below.
Fuente: SENA
Mark: Well, I was working for Oilcop, a company dedicated to performing
maintenance on drilling equipment. I was in charge of supervising all
maintenance duties, designing proposals for new customers and
training new staff according to the company’s policy.
Interviewer: That sounds like a lot of work for one person. How did you handle
it?
Mark: Well I think I am a person who is good at ______________, I can
take care of different things at the same time. Besides I had quite a
few assistants helping me out all the time.
Interviewer: You seem like the kind of person we are looking for. Our company
started operations in the Middle East and we need a maintenance
manager for our new plant in Saudi Arabia. As the plant is new,
there are a lot of issues to _________.
Mark: I understand.
Interviewer: Also the weather is really hot and dry and the culture is quite
different. So, we need a person who can overcome __________
and _______ to new conditions.
Mark: It seems like a ____________ job, but it sounds very interesting.
Besides I am an ___________ person, so cultural differences
wouldn’t be a problem for me.
Interviewer: Great. That is exactly what we need. We will probably call you for a
second interview with the head of the human resources department.
Thanks a lot for your time Mark.
Select the best option in each case. In order to progress in the game, take the
decision that a flexible and adaptable person would take. Consider the advice in
the introductory material about how to be adaptable and flexible.
You are offered a scholarship to When you arrive you find out the
study in a foreign country for 2 years. language is more difficult than you
You would have to leave your family thought. You:
and friends behind for a while. You:
a. think this is the chance to improve
a. take it as an opportunity to grow and your level and immediately register
learn new things. in some language classes.
b. think it’s better to stay with your b. think this is the end of the adventure
routine and not to take that risk. and decide to come back to your
country.
c. think it may be a good opportunity but
feel terrified of being by yourself. c. feel frustrated and avoid talking to
people.
a. are dealing with the language issue already. You don’t even consider it.
b. don’t feel that comfortable with the idea of working in a foreign country.
c. look at this as the opportunity to make some money and meet new
people while studying.
E. Read to the following sentences. Select the correct option to complete each
sentences.
Practice 2
Fuente: SENA
It’s 7:30 a.m. you are out trying to catch a bus to get to your office on time.
Unfortunately, traffic seems very slow and buses are quite full. You try to get a taxi
but they are all occupied. It seems like you will have to call your boss again to tell
him you are late.
This story may be familiar for you. Big cities are becoming more and more crowded
with new cars everyday making traffic worse. To fight against this, a lot of people
commute by bicycle or motorbike. The problem is that sometimes people don’t
have a place to park their bikes or scooters.
The Antro group from Hungary has come up with a flexible solution: A folding
scooter. The ultra-compact Moveo scooter is an electric motorbike that can be
folded down to the size of a suitcase. That way you can take it anywhere without
worrying about parking spaces. This practical scooter just weighs 55 pounds, has
fuel autonomy of 22 miles per charge and his top speed is 25 miles per hour.
This particular scooter will be out soon though people will only be able to purchase
it online. Prices will range between $3,100 and $4,600 USD. The company hopes
to reduce the price even more to make it affordable to everyone.
True False
6. It runs on electricity.
B. Classify these facts from the folding scooter into advantages and disadvantages
in the chart below:
It is easy to drive.
It is eco-friendly.
C. Read to two people talking about drastic changes in their lives and how they
dealt with them.
D. Here are some reflections from Carl and Alice about how things might be
different now if things in the past wouldn’t have happened. Complete the
sentences by organizing the words. Mixed conditionals are used in the structure.
Carl:
E. Complete each conversation with one of the idioms below. Conjugate the verbs
in the idioms when necessary.
Louise: Did you listen to the teacher yesterday in the first class? This subject
seems very difficult. The final test is going to be very hard.
Johana: Of course, it must have been very difficult to raise 3 kids alone.
Richard: Fortunately she is a brave woman and was able to deal with it.
3. Mike: Danny didn’t jump from that parachute at the end. He ______________
once the airplane took off.
Danna: Yes, he was very nervous and anxious about it.
Supervisor: We really appreciate you hard work, Mike. We are sure you can
___________________.
Pronunciation practice
Note: This practice must be completed using the multimedia version of the
study material. There you will find the corresponding sound files.
A. Vowel length
ʃɪp ʃip
Ship Sheep
Although these two words have very similar sounds, there is a difference in
their vowels. In this case, together with a little change in its articulation, the
duration of the vowel in sheep is longer than the vowel in ship.
Go to the multimedia and listen to the following words. Decide if the vowel you
hear in it is long or short.
i Reed
ɪ Rid
ɑ Lark
ʌ Luck
ɑ Calm
æ Cam
u Pool
ʊ Pull
a. Collaborator.
Adapt.
Scotland.
b. Phonologist.
Duty.
Incomplete.
c. Presenter.
Flexibility.
Direction.
d. Computer.
Anecdote.
Election.
e. Get into.
Get fired.
Get down.
f. Situation.
Attended.
Related.
g. Frustrated.
Best.
Still.
h. Result.
Probability.
Natural.
i. Determined.
Attack.
Started.
j. Object.
Idiomatic.
Future.
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