RESET USMLE APPETIZER 1-50

1. Subendothelial Deposits are seen in SLE patients

2. Subepithelial Humps are seen in Acute Poststreptococcal
Glomeruloneprhitis
3. Linear Subendothelial are seen in Goodpasture’s (Type II)
4. Mesangial Deposits are seen in IgA Nephropathy
5. Spike and Dome are seen in Membranous
6. Subendothelial Humps are seen in Membranoproliferative
GN.
7. Azithromycin – administered to HIV + patients can prevent
Mycobacterium Avium

8. Ethambutol – inhibits arabinosyl transferase which

polymerizes arabinose into arabinan (arabinogalactan- a cell wall
component) etc. Side Effects  Optic Neuritis (retrobulbar neuritis,
low visual acuity and red-green discrimination)

9. Rifampin – inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase

and thus prevents transcription of DNA into mRNA.

10. Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.

11. FF = GFR/RPF GFR = Creatinine Clearance/Inulin

12. RPF = PAH
13. Fibroadenoma – cellular myxoid stroma, sometimes there are
compressed cystic spaces.

14. Spongiosis - epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in the

intercellular spaces.

15. Diphenoxylate – opiate anti-diarrheal structurally related to

Meperidine.

16. Octreotide – which is a Somatostatin Analog, good for

secretory diarrhea, acromegaly, carcinoid and secretory GI tumors.

17. Urease – converts urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia and

thus increases pH

18. Radiation Therapy - causes 1) DNA double strand breakage

2) formation of free radical

19. Methadone – has a looooooooooooong half life

20. In Fetal Lungs - after 30 weeks there is an increase in Lecithin

21. After 36 weeks there is a rise in Phosphatydylglycerol
22. Males with 5 α reductase deficiency - feminized external
genitalia, small phallus and Hypospadias are common.

23. Repair Damage – Glycosylase  Endonuclease  Lyase 

DNA Polymerase  Ligase

24. H. Pylori – most common cause of duodenal ulcers

25. CMV in immunocompromised – Mononucleosis

26. Retinitis in CMV – HIV+ Patients

27. Primary CNS Lymphoma – most commonly associated with

AIDS

28. Squamous Cell Lung Cancer – produces Parathyroid

Hormone Related Peptide, which in turn will decrease PTH
29. Campylobacter – can be transmitted from domestic animals

30. Shigella - is transmitted via fecal oral in day care centers

31. Keratin - marker of epithelial cell origin.

32. Secretin - produced by S endocrine cells in the duodenum,
that increases bicarbonate secretion from exocrine pancreas into
the small bowel.

33. Alprazolam – benzodiazepine with the shortest half life, which

is used in Acute Anxiety.

34. Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide and Clonazepam – longest half

life, used in prophylaxis.

35. Sheets of Primitive Cells with Many Mitotic Figures –

Medulloblastoma

36. Most Common Tumors in Children:

37. Pilocytic Astrocytoma - Rosenthal Fibers

38. Medulloblastoma - sheets of small blue cells, many mitotic
figures
39. Ependyoma – can cause Hydrocephalus and form Rosettes

40. Orthostatic Hypotension – side effects of α adrenergic

blockers.

41. AML - has associations with t(15,17), t(8,21) and Auer Rods
are stained with Myeloperoxidase.
42. CLL – deletion on Chromosome 13

43. Mantle Cell B Lymphoma – t(11,14)

44. Dobutamine – causes increase in cardiac contractility and

increase in Heart Rate

45. Tumors of Schwann Cells – are derived from neural Crest

Cells.

46. Patients with CGD – susceptible to 1) Staph Aureus 2)

Pseudomonas 3) Serratia
47. Nocardia 5) Aspergillus

48. Rosenthal Fibers – with granular eosinophilic bodies are seen

in Pilocytic Astrocytoma. They are well differentiated comprised of
spindle cells with hair like glial projections

49. Atropine – reverses muscarinic effects but does not prevent

the development of nicotinic effects such as muscle paralysis

50. Pralidoxime – reverses both muscarinic and nicotinic effects

of organophosphates by “restoring” cholinesterase.