Vocabulary Unit 13

WORD MEANING

Catch on Become fashionable or popular

Up and coming Successful, likely to be successful
Fall short of Fail to reach a target
Talk someone into Persuade someone
Pay off Be successful or profitable
Go about Approach a task or problem
Turn down Refuse or reject
Go bust Go bankrupt
Stock price Share price
Earning shortfalls Lower than expected profits
Lay offs Redundancies
In sync Correspond with each other
Cross section Typical samples
Discontinuities Sudden changes in business trends
Resilient Able to recover quickly
Prods Encourages
Retrenchments Economies, reductions

Vocabulary Unit 14
WORD MEANING

prop Objects used by actors during play

Repertory house Theatre where one company of actors performs a
number of different plays
costume Clothes worn by an actor
Running costs Money you need to spend regularly to keep a
system or organization functioning
sue Take legal action against a person or action
backers Group of people who give financial support to
something
angel A wealthy person who invests money in new
business projects
Break even Cover costs, start to make a profit
Vocabulary Unit 15
1. The maximum amount a bank will allow you to borrow - Credit limit

2. Someone who owes money - Debtor

3. The amount which is less than the level that was expected or needed - Shortfall

4. The money which is immediately available - Cash

5. Things which limit your freedom of action - Constraint

6. Charges which one used to punish someone - Punitive bank charges

7. Reasons for something bad - Root cause

8. The sum of money paid by customer for a bank's services - Bank charges

9. To cause someone to do something - Prompt

10. To show that something or someone is fair and reasonable - Legitimate

11. Without official Permission - Unauthorized

12. Amount of money that regularly have to be spent - Outgoings

13. A force exerted when one body or body part presses on, pulls on or tends to compress - Stress

14. Amount which is less than the level that was expected or needed - Short fall

15. Synonym for “Overdue” - Late

Vocabulary Unit 16
Words from textbook Antonyms Synonyms
1. Negotiate Contend; Disagree Confer; Agree
2. Constraints Freedom Restraints; Constrictions;
Limitations
3. Compromise Confrontation Settlement;
4. Interruption Continuation; Persistence Disturbance; Interlude;
Disruption
5. Agreement Disagreement Contract; Conformity
6. Permission Denial; Disapproval Consent; Acceptance
7. Approval Ban; Condemnation Green light; Conformation
8. Summarizing Elaborating Brief; Succinct
9. Penalty Reward Forfeiture; Fine;
10. Commit Abstain; Fail Obligate; Perpetrate
11. Inflexible Amenable; Cooperative Adamant; Immutable
12. Consult Ignore; Neglect Consider; Refer
13. Haggle Agree; Concur Bargain; Barter
14. Production Destruction; Ruin Construction; Management
15. Restrictions Allowance; Liberation Limits; Constraints; Curb
16. Negotiation Disagreement Agreement; Arbitration;
Compromise

Vocabulary Unit 17
1. COMPANY
SYNONYMS-
firm, business, corporation, establishment, agency, office, institution, organization, operation, co
ncern, enterprise, venture, undertaking, practice

2. DIFFERENT
SYNONYMS-
dissimilar, unalike, unlike, non-identical, contrasting, divergent, disparate, poles apart;
distinct, separate, individual, discrete, non-
identical, unrelated, unconnected, unassociated, independent;
ANTONYMS-
ordinary, conventional, related, similar

3. PAY
SYNONYMS- reward, reimburse, recompense, give payment to, settle up with, remuneration

4. COMPETITIVENESS
SYNONYMS-
Ambitious, cutthroat
ANTONYMS-
Uncompetitive, gentlemanly, unambitious

5. ENCOURAGE
SYNONYMS-
hearten, cheer, uplift, inspire, motivate, stimulate, invigorate
ANTONYMS-
Discourage, dishearten, dispirit, uninspired

6. INSECURITY
SYNONYMS-
self-doubt, unassertiveness, uncertainty, nervousness
ANTONYMS-
Surety, security, certainty

7. PRAISE
SYNONYMS- RECOGNISE, commend, express approval of, express admiration
for, applaud, speak highly of, complimenting, the praises of, praise to the skies, praise on, take
one's hat off to, admire, hail
ANTONYMS-
Blame, criticize, disapprove, disrespect, disregard

8. OUTPERFORM
SYNONYMS-
Exceed, surpass, better
ANTONYMS-
Fail, fall behind

9. UNDERPAID
SYNONYMS-
not paid enough, not paid deservingly
ANTONYMS-
paid deservingly, paid competitively

10. MORALE
SYNONYMS-
attitude, outlook, confidence, self-confidence, self-esteem

11. ACHIEVEMENT
SYNONYMS-
attainment, reaching, gaining, winning, acquirement,recognition
ANTONYMS-
Failure, unfulfillment

12. RETRAIN
SYNONYMS-
To train again, reskill

13. REDUNDANT
SYNONYMS-
Unnecessary, not employed
ANTONYMS-
Necessary, needed, essential

14. INEFFICIENT
SYNONYMS-
Disorganized, faulty, incompetent, ineffectual
ANTONYMS-
Able, capable, competent

15. LOYALTY
SYNONYMS-
Integrity, obedience, devotion
ANTONYMS-
Disloyalty, faithlessness, dishonesty

Vocabulary Unit 18
WORD MEANING
White collar worker Person who works in an office, doing work that
needs mental rather that physical effort
temp person employed to work for a short period,
while another person is absent or when there is
extra work
Union rep Worker elected by other workers in a factory or
business to represent them in discussion with
the management
Semi-skilled worker Worker in a factory
Self-employed person Worker who doesn’t work for an employer but
find work for himself/herself or who has his/her
own business
Knowledge worker Person whose work require specialist
knowledge
freelancer Worker who does particular pieces of work for
different organizations, rather than working all
the time for single organization
Project manager Person who coordinates and supervises
different elements of job
Blue collar worker Worker who does physical work rather than
office work
Shop-floor worker Worker in a factory
Job sharing Doing part of job with someone else, so that
each person works part-time