ر ص 5 العلمي

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Cit geval gull) JailChapter 1 Logarithms = ic jé sn + Ca IE ot oe 6 paid 545 [1-1] © + Aga JS gl AN [1-2] © + Ap UE oll Ua) Gal gS [1-3] * Ayal) clay 12 gl [1-4] © + Aah) clay 16 git [1-5] + «Ayuda UY glasial [1-6] © Hyclst Aida gh ja tt Clas f(x) =a" Au a y =logx Fy AE sit) Ata) y=log x Ay hall Glad, 6 gill y=inx Ral cacy 8 stLa NE gill Ye 5 patide 545 [1-1] i Gop GAESN DLI J Ge de GL Cuil diss GE Olay IE gl cis) ce) LG J gl) pladind Albee! pal Gay Ghudlth gid Gls gi) (01617 - 1550) Vp gaciy Lally cpl pialac Lyall cob og gin pill Banal Sti ial dasa gd Co ale ho gl (Ata oy 12 ol 61 gb Cinars)) 55 lS y CUbly Gaal bee 9! Abn 20 Unstach Gp gill Agats AS gill haat! bg) Uist Ide oc ga hy. 2 1614 Lea ge Wyre aleitly Gal JS gle ANSE da gat Gd GLa AE oll) Yale Lata) Gall 5s AgheYl alae! oe Pie a Rar Ra ae ear a man MIE AD ae pa A itn Gay ay FR ole ole SGD 58 Gul fd Aaladin © Bala Augen days (PH) Sola eg gl) aft Gina © rye 10 als bats LE gl) phat Gaunt gill o 412 3 4 5 6 7 8 PH = - log [H*] gissssuell , Saka eb Cunssiel Gas) 5S HY x rege Jagagally (L) Cryeall 832 Gali gb pading® ea (‘a[s) Spall bad :a cua L = 10 Log a/a, = + aad Oh gale Glad OY) eabind gall 5a Jil ra, sf eye (S) Gal gual) dew Glua® aghy cgay AGUS (gt) a sBglly Jame ¢ sjleall Ais duu 2k stall AE tt chin eye Rob piece As yall 5aiUdl luce Gb pacing sliaay) b * spatial) Glad) em Bailie + Ch glad gue in SP) 0) 0) =O) = cette nell lat + Aaglal g Ay lal) CL NE gl Gu pas AbD agit 8 oe oy)Logarithmic Function 4a, ¢ $i 400 [1-2] AA AD pale) eh Gikall 4d cues ail Gli Ua gay = fk RRM, f(x) =a, a>0, ax] PERT = Ro Gua (f 4) Ayase Aa ld itis dna Yay Hcy Jb gl Ua oka (poay Lins Sulit ay y= 2% Aaja id Gill AS pall @1y IW! Gan diy obi gael sullh aca gly 2 1 0 -1 4 2 1 1/2 YS De chal gill Uae (2,4) (1,2) (Ort) 4 Ly} ~ Md ye Lee or ily AR oh ABS le ALY pai) J Rl) gia pay {1 (1.0), (21), (4.29) x » sat gy ade Jans fp (1.2) (1.172)Asc JE gl 5 gually tly Lea IS @s:- 125 @oo01-10s @2-32% x= Logy <= y= ato pseu on @s - 125 +s: Log 125-3 3 @ 0.001 - 10> sa Log 0.001- -3 @ 2-32" ¢As Log 2= 1/5 2 Aged By gually ily Las IS Gish @iusv-2 @ Log 64 = 12 @ 10g 10000 - 4 Log y = x = y =a" OS aglaall oe : dad @ Log 49-2 = 49-7 @ 0g 64-12 > 64- (V2) a Log 10000 = 4 = 10000 = 10* Agate gil) ANal Gal gS [1-3] Aya 1S gill Ua Gal gS Gay gpa AES ne hie ae IS AE gl ale la al al : : sob Ja Apc AE st AD) LW x= y <> Logx= Logy »Vx,yeER” | Oly Coy AGN) act ghd Qui xyER" JS az liar 0 Ku@ \ @ Log (xy) = Logx + Log y | @ 104, (x/y) = Log,x - Log y @ Logx"=n Log (x), Vn ER )relay JE gl) sel gf CUI * Log (xy) + Log x . Log y o Loox Log (x/y)# Toony sy#0 *Logx" + (Log x)" Log (17/5)- Log (34/45)+2 Log (2/3) = 1 : dal) soap Gob! Log, 17/5 - Log 34/45 + Log (2/3)? (ee dant lucy) any Log (42.4.4) cau GI Log 2 = @%> AY) Cy ole Ja @rogx-4 Bros 64-6 @ tog 1/125 -x @ tog 343 - 3 @ bogx-4 = x=34 : dal x= 81 > (81}=e @ 10g 64-6 = 64-xo > 26- x! ox 42 Qy= we © 13d a) Log 1/125-x > 1/125-5* S3=5* = x=-3 {-3} =m | |@ 10g,343=3 = 343-x? = 73-x?(2.5) 98 (1/4) tad Ay JB 3) git) sant) (1) AEs 5 (0.01) a GL o@ (2) ted (1/8) st Eo @® : gall Log x = 2. = sal) Gott og x= 2.5 = x N Gai @ x= (1/45 > x =1/(22PS > x = 1/32 Log 0.01 =1 = x = Gin) Vat e@ 0.01=x! = x=0.01 AE ol Ga lki e@ 1f8=2* > 2*=23 sx=-3 OREM (1-1) outa AS SE rely Lea Sx dd @ @ og x-5 @i0g 16--4 —@og 0.00001 - x reply Las JS 5 AY) By pall is) @ Li = Be Le =- 01)? = 0. @rog 10000 = 4 @7° = 343 @ Log 1/25 - -2@ 0.01) - 0.0001 Bowsa> Ode ys acxsa bei Lay dnae 2 cite WLI ® @ Log(x+y) + Logx + Log y @ 10g, xy + Logx. Logy @ 10g. + ( Log.x)? Log 1/8 =x =x 3 rabbis @ @ 0g 40/9 + 40g 5 + 2L0g 6 % fa es @2 10g 8 + Log 125 - 3 Log 20 @ L049 (x ~ 4) ~ 2 Log (x - 2) + Log (x - 2) / (x +2) say Lae US And ap Log 3 = 0.4771, Log 2 = 0.3010 ais s@ @9g,0.002 @ Leg 2000 @rog 12 0.AY) cyst) a®@ @b09,(2x - 1) + Log (x + 4) = Logs @l0og,(3 x + 5) - Log (x - 5) = 3 @ 09 6/5 + Log 5/66 - Log 132/121 + Log 12 = x @log (3x - 7) + Log (3x + 1) = 1+ Log 2 Decimal Logarithms 4 ,da!) Gla, é sti [1-4] ae 1, a> 0 pel od a Je sll Lo ol Gu GEN ois AE gl) gg pedal pi LE tN pee a = 10 Aad pis gl gle a atl OT eAdLaniod Gus (10) GalutY) AGS psc (le Gitl by (Common Logarithm Log 0.06 cs; Log,,0.06 « Log 7 ais: Log 7 tad Log x Wis Log x 2.Log105 = 5 Shab Log 10" = n S35 o) Lin shall gay | Log 0.01 - Log 10 Natural Logarithm As) Clete git) [1-5] gE i pS 6) (10) oT GS Ce pal LG JE ll de [1-4] a Gc 9 ed Uebel gil) Slats jE gt tim (1+1/n)° = @ tus ( ) ovlay! Sus © -2.718281828459045 cus e = 2.71828 63S stills x (14x) lim(txy'=e > | 04 2.59374264 |" noe oben Say _ | 0.01 2.70481383 ‘ 1 dS | 0,001 2.71692393 | lim (ty'=0 cst gene 0.0001 2.71814593 0.00001 2.71826824 0.000001 2.71828047 0.000001 | 2.71828169 0.00000001 | 2.71828181 (L0G) ad AE Ce tat ((Lm)) USE ase Hagalad ay 12 y a y aco Geant e Gulu a Gull Ula gl (Aue LE glll all) Gh ad Ge net =x.VxER ead Gk 2g al Lne*=xLne = (x)(1) =x gay! Gob + Gala) had Bact + ah) Gb: gla yt) 1 Aad Bt gall 4 1 ol BL Ln x = Ln ay Lnx=ylna= y=Lnx/Lna = e¥l Gb 1/Log15+1/Log 15 ia + Jal 1 /(Ln 15 /Ln 3) +1 (ln 15 / Ln 5) = (Ln 3/ Ln 15 )+( Ln 5 / Ln 15) = (Ln 3 +Ln 5)/ln 15 = Ln 15 /Ln 15 =1Ayala) AY) padi [1-6] apts OY) OL NE gl ull gh Gans y Aled y Ay pdeal) Slat We gl Lita ya aay Ablhal) ase Y) Gla LE gly ae ai le gl ala. (Calculator) Aula alasin) 2 aa Jb gl ala SU) (Log) 4 pial) clay Je sil) Ute 8 (|) + GAL) gd Log chika le bia’ ob ae) sa asi « pag Apel ai] pada @iogi.s @-07 @ios 13 @ 5 0.08 : dao i 0.84509804 = gai Log Beat 5 7 a @ | Log7 = 0.84509804 ¢! 1.113941352 = gi) Log beni 13 ws @® ~ 1.096910013 = gid Log bia 0.08 si @ 0.176091259 = gi) Log bia! 1.5 cs @ ((Ln)) Aaah cy 2 gt a a eau 4g Ln Clb bia aad) Gist papi Aveda otal] pada @in7 O13 @ro0s @oris dal 1.945910149 = gut Ln bia 7 i @ 2.564949357 = gal Ln bes 13 ss @ ~ 2.525728644 = gc) Ln bias 0.08 os @ 0.405465108 = gi) Ln bia 1.5 ci @Aci JS gl ple 1) Jalal) saat) obaf Lat apa obey Je gt Atle 5 (1) (INV Stall Gan gf ol) 2nd F chide ile dais plana) sel iy Je gl Gast © + Gosllaal saul gad Log ole bic ob ((... GJ) heal)) Se aid shy Ge rh Ky pdal) Yikes Le gh (tl Aaa ose) ap Lust etal me? @0.84509804 @1.113943352 @ - 1.096910013 @o.176091259 idal) 7 ghd Log bin! 3 2ndF bic! 0.84509804 cc: @ 13 ~ 12,9999999 gy Log bina: 2ndF bia! 1.113943352 cs @ =] bic 23 0.096910013 acs: [[]etis bis @ 0.08 448: Log 2 2ndF biz 23 -0.096910013 288 1.5 9g) Log gi 2ndF bia! 0.176091259 o Abas (3) Die es (1) ie gat O18 ((Lin)) Angad clas 12 gt) Atta 8) gllaal saad gd Ln bial of 2ndF chide te bis ab heal aul a le gl Lass © oe s&h eee) Upc ME gt GAD hae Aba ase ¥) a @i.9045910149 = @2.564949357 @-2.525728644 @o.405465108 sda 7 gid Ln gi 2ndF bia! 1.945910149 V 13 ~ 12.999999999 jg Ln Clie ob 2ndF bina! oi 2.564949357 5-2.525728644 988 [F] 4 2.525728644 ss [F] ais @ 0.08 jg8# Ln 2 2ndF bias 1.5 splat Ln 9 2ndF bici 0.405465108 si @ 4(Awatad otal pasa) de pie Atal Log 3 taf as 4 lad) Jung Sued slasioks Log 3 = Log 3/Log4 = 0.4771/0.6021 = 0.7924 Log 7+Ln 5 4ag a Log 7 = 0.8451 Ln 5 = 1.6094 Log 7 +Ln5 = 0.8451 + 1.6094 = 2.4545 Logl6 - Log? iad = : gall Log 16 - Log 2 = Log 16/2 = Log 8 Ala Jaa = Log 8/Log5 = 0.9031/0.6999 = 1.2903 ede sll aladiacly x = (1.05)! dad a : da ab ght ay NE gh UAL x = (1.05)! Ayuda aii alasiul) Log x = 15 Log 1.05 Log x = 15 « 0.0212 Log x = 0.3180 <%= 2.0797e& 55a any ES ude > ily 8,0 da. pla Ose gta) GH a 53a chia 1995 die Gd 2 O39 Goa Oa Til Ht Oy 085 6.8 Jake 4 ase 3 2001 i wl sda) R=—E:30°° __ 30° E.30° —30°° R= 30°" R=30? Log R= 1.2 Log 30 sa Aga Guta plik ee 13.6146 15616 sase9 gaigl Lgl op : dal V0 10 DOS oe 4) = asia et m= 4[(13)14)(15)(16) Log M = + [Log 13 + Log 14 + Logl5 + Log 16] Log M = “4 [1.1139 + 1.1462 + 1.1761 + 1.2041] = Lx 4.6403 = 1.1601 _ M= 14.458 reels AUTH] Ges tied) Osh SSA CIS NS) pall eb rises igll al aos) 3.2« 10° PH = Log [H'] uss js4)) ait = ~Log 3.2 x 10°=-[Log 3.2 + Log 10°] = -[Log 3.2 - 9Log 10] [Log3.2 - 9] Log 3.2+9 =-0.5052 + 9 = 8.494 a Hag tag) 2 Un jib 5 pains Magee AS yo Sally sa cya (2) pd cae cig (10) sey Ae Juana R= me gh 5 pcieuall AS pall Fall) Glas Q sil Agile =n . jalih=r « Ged = m ean R= 2.000.000 xe ™ *"” ab Ln BL R= 2.000.000 « e 5 Ln R =Ln 2.000.000 + 1/5 = 14.7087 © R= 2442908 Wfas 1.5 Adal Dua de puny 20 Aatis Aaa culls 13 Alaa Aids edad & glee addin = Cg seall He pus oy 5100 ied! Gas ida s = - 0.0098 n +v Ln k Aaet aris AS Aad = LI DUT de pa = ve Gag me Ey steal de ja S see s =~ 0.0098 « 100 + 1.5 Ln20 s = -0.98 + 1.5 x (2.9956) = -0.98 + 4.4934 8 = 3.5134 YasRELI (1-2) casba AS LEP : « Apatad dtl pasa » 1 Sig a @ @r58 @r-y 15 @tn 200 iil lee Sit a @ @l09 52 - Log 27 @Log 33 + Log 33 + tn 33 hla sit @ @8/(65.26) @u.02)" AGN) Caled) ga IS Ja @s-26 @em-17 @se-4 FAG) alac3 pusigit ust os @ 10611612613. 14015 oti @ ey Log abe+ I/Log abe + \/hogae abe= 1 Qiu 40/9 +2 (Log 5 + Log 6) = S13) ie Loga= I/ab cisa= Logb . b- Loge A navel il aad 2.5107 98 oa HTH] casual on! 3 @® Saaly 2.57 Wp Say lis Ogle Lt R= mer 4s ya) Sad osild acu @ Age Jeans Le Hag ap ci gia (6) Cady Ups 3.5 Web os DUT Me jury 10 gai silis Quad gle de as a @ A 50 yaad) lasts $ 2Log a - Log b jaa o,,i6s (poli) Jae gl @ @rog (avy @tog ajo Glog (ab)> @tog a? - Log b Che ge daly 4.9 dae atl cast gin) dba 3p cae 1997 td @ Baia ABU!) Os GN 7.0 Jala 1999 Ais 6 8) Agta Gg AI 55a clans «SB, ORE Calle Oa Log a/b Jail daca Gavi ai @ @roga / tog @roga-togh @Log (a-b) Que vi wt 18,© itd Jueitt) D) Chapter 2 Sequences Glattia) «Gg wig Was Aaa [2-1] © «Rascal ala) sot [2-2] + + Ayloall debited) [2-3] © + Ayla Aagliiell ¢ gene [2-3-1] * + Aywsigh) Aagliiall [2-4] + «Ayes Aayhall plat) sal) [2-4-1] + « AGLQDU Analg) dayliiall [2-4-2] + Ayaly § Addai gi Sait Cad! | | a gt aa) d=U,,,-U, Agua! daca ; ola r= a Aywaigh) dalciall U,=at(n-1)d Agdvall till lal) aati Ujsarm Anenighl decal) S.= + [ea + (n-1) a] Ayla) data) eam 5-2) moe 1-6 = be cae a “19.© Aa dail S) Sequences la,liis)) city Anas Aestciat) [2-1] + AW) Ska) Sali day iy 2 JS &> FL, 2,3, cscs 10} >R ow f(n) = 5 + 2n Zs Aaja) Ae gamed) walic Gu Ge (M) ange Genee se SI Gye Adal oe G} idly (5+21n) by pall f(l)=5+2=7 ,f(2)-54+4-9 ,f3)-5+6-11 £(10) = 5 + 20-25 + AMS Ag ys Clg Bape le Aad ole ce pat cl Say | {(1,7) + (2.9) , (3.11) 5 «++ (10,25)} ! B agua gle La ya Wolds AUS GS Ad {1,2,3,.0....,10 PAS gama) ge Aan Slee oly Visey 9 =(2)5590 9 | [ Anlial) gan] —y pend Aaplitiall shacsthy [ Antti] (paudi ANat oda y (Infinite Sequence Augie yb Haylie oui Mall ola yi) Z* Giles dita ya Aacial Q Baga le gl (I) say las Z> gb pats Ligins dae Mata de gee cl J) (see ose ee Gone > Jy GuiST g (Agia Hatin pea Utada de wd) (1,2,3..., O} f= €(1,3) , (2,7) + (5.4) + (6.10) . (7,9)} Ata Seed {1,2,5,6,7 } Ugllas 8 Anttis pout Y {1,2,3,4,5,6} Gals oD pb thy fag 2" oye Maing A yo Aa pe Be game Gal Upto gl 20.e& aia asi fn) = Tn ya eZ (1) = 1, f(2) = 1/2, £3) = 1/3... 1, 1/25 1/3 5 o> Ragsia 2 il Jatt casiy ee Aaa Gash f(n) =n? +1 © {1,2,3. (1) = 2, (2)=5 , 13) = 10 , ..., (20) = 401 <2,5,10, 04, 401> dati {dade Sis Ja (n=, MER gt zdall {1.2.3.0} yg gle ple A pa he game gh Z° Qual Ugllns Gf Maltin Cog (even) go53 0 (odd) gaan f(2)=2?=4 (1) = 4-1 =3 (4) = 4 = 16 (3) = 4-3 =1 {(6) = 6 = 36 (5) = 4-5 = -1 <3.4,1,16.-1, 36>: a cota te sy) Kia) agsat Ossi| u-cayy- U, = (-1)'/4 = 1/4, U, = (-1)5/5 = -1/5 <1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, -1/S> dapat U, = 2, U, = -1/2, U, = <2,-1/2, General Term For Sequence :4s,1iiall ala!) sat) [2-2] Aagliiall a gta JS abasl Yle OSey Lake Sacld go (cigill aa) i pla! ant righ plall Laas 2,4,6,8 ... Aan gall dang jl) alas) Angle had Ul f() 988 U, jest alall soll jai U,=#(1) + U, = 2) aw HSE g U plad) Laat pill Aagliiall pint U, jal! padinninns slay UL UL, ey Use. 1 Uy a sgh ale) asa 1,3,5,7 2. Asa gall Aap) aiacy) Aasttie lls y oy pla) Vas Al) Aaa a hGH sgt Lead Gast n sal U,=(-1)?/2+1/2 . U,=(-1)/3=-1/3 , U, = -1, U, = 2, U, = -3/2 2.-1,2,-3/2> tau. (5)u, Us (%.) 1, U, = 241-3, U, =1/3?= 1/9, U,= 441 =5 1/5? = 1/25, U, = 6+1=7 <1,3,1/9,5,1/25,7> tated Ui = 3 pad Wess (Al Aa tiie Go 1 s8!) a gan AD Gast ida!) U,=3,U,=3,U,=3 <3,3,3> Anu. [AGA Aaah ] an slice Wagan ol Aayttial 1 sefingial) Gb Ay Aa tial 3 jee Apld any aged ut 2, = <3,2,7,9,4> ,» SHn> =<3,7,2,9,4> F,-2 ly H,-7 OY ghia. F,-7 Wy H,=2 2 Wad plat) sal Sucl8 Gla) Goad G9 Y 8.3, <2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,..> data oe agae JS clay) Yala yy Say Male 5 jgua olay) GSy Y cue Sscld ala) Lesa! GaulOREM (2-1) cst Habs Hace a Z tee Bs @ Hate AZ ale Us @ hatin 0 (3,456, 7,8} ae s@ . AZ ile 2 K® Aggie Mate (123456, 7 ge S® Masia (126354, 5,6,7, 8,9} tpllan dts s@® 2S ggg data 2 a @ Zi 52,4, 6. , 96> dapcia Jae @ U.N U, Sun daca gb @ =D bette Glitice ig Us! Glatt old U., < U, oa datas S@ sell Kid) aga Shy baie AGN) Clalit go Hs i @ n?~ 2n eU U,., > U, ci adi U, = nt 42m Gye destii A roa yhy Letia Ga agin LL i @®D n+2.. gaan suz-ru,-{ 4 A aginArithmetic Sequence 4,,lus) 42,kia) [2-3] CE hase gly tlye ah gD sa) Ge an JS Ce GE UG Cush ne ARM Ais g d=U, — U,, cipal AI ja 29(Common Difference oi jicial 4 il) Aasttiad Gull AaLzL ab (d_) Yululs First Term (a) Js¥) Was 48 xs Ayleall Alida Quail iS ee NSSAg GGA sa) gle Quant JV! sa) th ala sh D= 36a = 2 yd A Ayla depliial Sd <2,5,8,11,14,17 rh = Ugedu's a= y¥l Laan ill Aasliiall y Agglual) clalital 61 gi Gia atte <2.4,6,68, 2.75 57.3, -1. 9S (d=4-2=2) d>0 (d=3-7=-4)d < 0 igh ducitite (d=3-3=0) d= 0 Gt GU ate <3,3,3,028 General Term forArithmetic Sequence :4:jual deiial! ale) sat) gh d= Ypudaig a= Jil Weae (All Aplaal Aatiall gj LSS v U,sa-a+(0)d-a+(1-1)d U,-=a+(1)d=a+(2-1)d U, = a+(2)d = a+(3-1)d U, = a+(3)d = a¥(4-1)d n>0,neN Kale Bypass (ceisid aot) sf plat) salt pane im@> ASN Ahaatl a gaatly Ladise —3 = Yulad's 6 7 = Ss Yl lose (Al) Ayla! dette) as! 1S) eS) 8) Hye <7 4 1-2-5 Bee dal $7441 2-5 8 > gk Mati @e> 4,914, > rhylual daltial Ge pila) antl an i s dal ralall aa) gil asdinas d=5,a-4 s.U,=a+(n-1)d U,, = 44 (10-1) x 5=4+9x 5-49 : o> 4 = pedals 36 = gad Leas Gill Ayla) Aelia Gus) ial U,-a+6d ao 36=a+6%4>a=12 > <12,16,20,24,..> <12 16, 20, 24 > spt Ayla Aaa @e> Us, U, cy Aayliall aga angi -3 = Ql) Wang 9 = SUL Less Ayla de dal U,=a+2d=9 (1) U,=a+6d ---(2) dd=-12 sd=-3 9 :gih2 ol coy at2(-3)=9>a=15 (1) Arms Ups a+3d=15+3(-3)-6 Us=at+4d=15+4(-3)-3 U,=a+5d=15+5(-3)=0(74) = Gael leas a Ayla dette 4 200 at gl wat sal (12) = pea tall Uj=at(n-I)d reye pla sal! Gold pladiul a agi = 12 oi cuss U,-at4d > -4-a+4x 12>a-~-52 Uo = a+ 199d L. Usgy = -52 + 199 x 12 = 2336 <7, -4, -1, ... 113> Aglaot daliiall agin ase ang) : dal a=-7, d=-4-(-7)=3, U,=113 “U,sat(n-1)d 113 =-74 (n= 1) X35 120-3 (9-1) S n= 41. dated aye ae Cd @... ssc) Lagi Lilals g cb Glos Lal ys 131 ‘ - i ail] 2+ blag) ase = aaa) axe dus arb Ow Aylua blugls B= 2+ 6 = Wagss 286 Aylin Maltin oS 10, 38 Ca Lyla blag) 6 WEA 13) te U,=38,n=8,a-10,d-? als U,=a+7d = 38=10+7d = 28-7d>d=4 10, [14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34], 38 lagSum of an Arithmetic Sequence :Alsal) daiiell ¢ gene [2-3-1] 20) gh S, Say ad Say ped ll Jan ng game Old Spleen delta (U,) cis 13) S$, =U, +U,+U,+...+U, SY) so U cas S, = a+ (atd)+(a+2d) +...4 (U, - d) +U, oS, =U,+(U,-d)+(U,-2 d) +...4 (atd)ta us al) seas 28,-(a+U,)+(atU,)+(atU,)+... 2S,-n(a+U) BIg DgM) sa ale N3) Ayla Auiitial) agin Gam € pene ale! Goi eye (Ud) aa) = all) dal) U2 yd Lani (a+u,)+(a+U,) U,=a+(n-1)d (A) olen (a) Jg¥) sa) yay & gama osild cues.” t 2S la+a+(n-1)d] ne | 5 = iM Bary 2 = yW) Was al Aulea Aetial Ge aga de gens al ie <12,3..., 100 > Ayluat dntiiall agss ¢ gone tag) : dal a=1,U,=100,n= 100 S,- tary = 12 [1+100] = s0x101- 5050 “SZ 2 8)> ae 12 = Usgan asey 22 = SY) UB Le aay d= HW eae Ayla Ane Mee game Og yl date Ui yd eal eS) Sle aad + A at) = 8) sath + Jil at) 1 S,-F ar uy-2 [4+ 221-6 «26 - 156 @> <-4,1,6,....> Aylcat) degliiall a ayaa Ole ¢ game ae a=-4,d=5.n-8 2.8, =F Ra + (m1) dl 8, --S 12 x(-4)+(8-1)* 51 S, = 41-8 + 35] = 4 x 27-108 &> alse) gh Lab B3 = Uglerys & ganay 15 = Uys gene Aulee dette (9S alae) Cou dal! a-d,a,a+d su) sey! Gat Ba= 15 evi gga was 5-d,5,5+d sey, (5 - dj? + 25 + (5 +4)? = 83 25-10d+a+25+25+10d+d'= 83 20+75-83 520-8 5d=4 eda a2 (d>0 oY Geta) 3.5.7: sey, d= 2 Lae (d<0 oY 4035) 7.65.3: ae. d= -2 se2 Ayla) Aahtiall Gal sh ApS can ph 3) Ayla) desi oan Gye se US oll EG As Gail 1 thea Lgesbeal Ley) Alice daglttie Ai gSe Ags) clyastl cals ApLoal! dadciall « Agbel) dey! SaaS a gS ca ae gle pad g) Cul lade gh Ay lam Mayle a gta Ge aa JS Gye Hd Abe Rapti Ge aS Gully Leal Lyle Mayle Masta Ga SSE gazall ge Ugelal Aypleen Maslin Gy 9S) Cutlann Guinea Che g) ean Jule Caine) Cpa Gay OPRRLES 2-2) 2h AS SE Pagal) GaY! 68) dayne hid ys Saaly cblal gi Lai us @ si 13 = j2ebos 2- 21- siss 1- 21 = pila!) bans 2-wi@ | 19 = jee aang 2 = x ob Aulus Ante 8x 2. Te 1@ 5@ 3@ Kose 4@ se 4@ 7@ x <3 7 TDs ey x 63> Rgleas Sassi (8 chal) Gulu git® 01@ 23@ 56@ Ugh aD Ryle classi Ga JS gy! ened agsat csi @® a--5 , d=3 a4 20 6 d= 4 slat a=-3 Us UL + 4 te U,=(5n-9 ) say 30)<-15,-12,-9,...> Kyla) dasa Ga oe Qual! a o@ 2 ME gape deb <-20,-17,-14, 2. 55> Antucall Aeltiall ayas ssc aay Rips Male Ayal etd Ga I@® $333 = detiiall ols Aas LE 10 = mL y pS Lyte Gade Jasla,g “1 = Qi) s8 ase Ayla ae) fd B= 5A+2 Gis; iy dele as y@ Aatialagia se Lag fA, Baad Ld Regal Quid ey oo Winn ewe d @® S135. (OMT) | gt Js Was Gye plaid <25, 21,17, «> Ayluat dati Oo Ky ian as @ $-14 = Ye sene +3 le Racal Sait 100 « 400 cw Spanall dasmrall slaoyl g pene te @ OEGeometric Sequence :4jwsig! deliial) [2 - 4] AL Giles sa) le Ugad aa JS Land Gilly heal slag an Yb Gal Meikle Gay Fyasighh degli) Gull pany sae Nang i Lina Jase og slay 3 pte re Rew 6=U/U, jay At jes (Common Ratio 4s ca) Anu!) Ayal Vg Alun date isi Y<2,3,5,7, 11, 2M Amaia date <1, 24,8. @ r= 2/1 = 4/2 = 8/4 = 2 5 1/3 = gelal Apuestas date <81, -27,9,-3, T= Ugetad Quai yO = Geld dul ge GU date <4 ddd, 4 = petal Ay toe det <7, 11,15, 19, .. AMSG juss Aa dtie (Gaga) os og dua tye red a ols 2994 (a) ds H@| Aysclect Aywaia date o> AG pad oh Lay aaie dati (Gla) os 1 tle Collis ag Jai) ca gliith UL Nisa y Agsclaat Aya (Gags) sd r=1 AgfS Aguas o> 1 SAG ig aged Gh La) Aguas (Gila) <1 Sess TL y alan gt a gli tL Visas [> ds ae (a) ats 14] tt tt 32& <4,2,1,1/2..2 1/2, an4 FG dae <4 4d 4, r=1,a-4 Ayelet Auatih <4,8,16,32,.> 12, ard Spas) Agta Raat cg 2 1 1/2... = “1/2, and Myseleat Aust cg 2-1, -1/2 21/2, a4 AG yatta <4 4, 4, dD red and FAG Apes <4 8-16, =D, and SpLaN Aagltie Aaa ren d/2 and General Term For Geometric Sequence4..si41) Anttiall ala) sati[2-4-1] sgh P= Ugly a= Jou) Was Gil uaaiglt decal 48 = 3 rt oO =16 > r=22 r= 2 Laie U, = ar? = 3 x (2) = 3 x 128 = 384 r= -2 late U, = ar? = 3 (-2)? = 3 x (-128) = -384 ee Ld 1 = Cw Vans 7 = Linge Lnagin Apnain Megliis Ge col gi) MDL a gaa! g gone Saal) Laas raul U, +U,+U,=7 atar+ar=7 ca(l+r+ry=7 U,=13ar-1 4iierery=7 Pert re =7P 26-1 (3r+1) (2r-1) = 0 Aaa ge Aagliiall ayaa GY Jaga r= -1/3 Ud va = Tf(1j2y=4 r=1/2 9 U, = ar = 4 (1/2)5 = 4 x 1/32 = 1/81 Ayaaigt) La Sua b,e,d,... © Ad yall acyl Lagi Lilasiig a, f glased) Lal gis 13) Aywaia blu gl peu b,6,d, ... ,@ sse¥) ob Awaits dantte Gy < a,b,6,d, ... ef > (2 + blag) sae ) = Aga Apusigh Aaa ayaa we sy anf ow &> 128 64 Geta Om davis blugl dai Jas a-128 , n-6 , U,=4 o. Ucar’ > 4=128r5 = 15=1/32 =(1/2)8 v.12 64,32,16,8 : Ausaig blast) 128,64, 32,16,8.4> 2 Lusi ancaly Sum of a Geometric Sequence 4uusigi dnjliiall ¢ pene FA = ald ga = SV) Waa Gill Qasight degli gh julall aid inal \ Fgh BAGRal) a gael C958 Anibal Go lg! ae (mn) UUs 13a< a,arvar,ar’ .....> 2 gh S, jay “AS jay silly agua! ods g ganas S.= atartart Fart. (l) reer A (I) abe rS.= artartar + ar... (2) 2 (1) 08 (2) Coe S,- 1S, = a-ar" S,(1-1) = a ( 1-1") + Esme Gg 3 Aad C8 (M) od Ege Oss Kaned Apaigh deyltia gli r=] cals 13) S,-atata+.... agua! (i)&> S64, 32, 16, or > Apedighl Aa liiall Ga gl gi! agte Ail ¢ gene ae + dal) a-64 , n-6 , F=1/2 *. S, S,= 64[1 ~ (1/2)%/(1 - 1/2)= 64[1 ~ 1/64) 1/2 S, = (64-1) /1/2 = 263 = 126 Infinite Geometric Sequence: 4ulg DU) Ayssigit altel [2-4-2] Ayia yoy Ayia latin JSS Ghiey Maglite gan E gaged hel gi Lis ail g) Vagal € papal shay! quia YL Augie) ne Ayla! Glatt Ula Gis. el ger sa te pala) Qing YL ad Nag pee gf hae as Lil OSs g geal! of 1+5+9+13+17+ ... ' -1-2-3-4-5- | PAS ise yah Ob (ADU) glade peal aut Qu Li S$, = a(1-r\(I-r) = a/(1-r) - ar"/(1-r) -l Apuaigh dati Qutai r ols | (1) s Ayasigh dass ule @ = 8 Gb uae Hate <32, DB 2, 1/2... ats 13 @ ua ge Wagan gan Ob hin ge Masighl Aad Gala als 1) @ x= 8 ob Auta dye < 4 x, 16> ars) @ cash! @ 1/9, = a4), 3 = pela Clb uate dette agua gaa U) = 3 UL, oS! @® 2 Uae ol AGN Ryaaig hail Gu JS Ip) Aad ayant is @® rip, a8i@ m2, a 132@ r=-2/3 , ae 27@ usu, = 8@ : m2. -2@ Ol rob uuaie date Q@ S_= 3/2 | 16267 ste) decal gly (18) Yo gare Aylian Aaltie Ai ce stac) Ae @ Fey) ode Lab Apusie Aagttie AQT Whey) Gyo Cal Gas NN (gle Laagae 4 SS Usp 1 (70) og slang Ayaan dagitin Gilg hse! ADU g gene CIS 13 @ Any Agta) ise 9) cats (5) Gob SU Leman g (4) cod Cally 93 a, g ac Y) ode Lad Aystuue Aestiie© EMG baad @ Chapter 3 Conic Sections 4b5 Ac! ¢ shill Ao bse Gadde © 3a [3-1] + Asal § yall Ustea [3-2] + Lagats gh Cu ygaeall tal Cou 13) 5 yilal) Atoles [3-2-1] © 5 jihatd Late) Asleat! [3-2-2] + Apc) Ad gi Jat) ¢ (hk) r (xh? + (y-kP= SB yilall Ades x2 + y?+ Ax + By +C =0Nyy ghe ape esesigal Aa gy Ou maally Cant! eLasd GAS Dhyal) Jb AUN ANN Gf CAN) dalies Gobi Luaigh | peadiely Uapall Gleunall Gan agony Glalual) Jay lane Se pap Ga GB dig cy glantns cpa Sy gL gb ally Lg all cbt Gan Wis spay lead ols ob Ransig Copastiiog copy neal Sy «alll Gigs ead Gig as Fel ty GEN Cpe Dall JS GID Gy al) by ag tI 5 pall Aalines ayaaty GL ay) ge ADL, 0 9th Copal gga pant! gb gb Cue ¢ gla Jiscy) A lay pe ty Hi a Ley ell ie (J pel) ES ia 6 (p,§ 283) atl» Boa GE AGS ye RAN Aba GB Jl cae « Aseseal g Ratan Leigh GBT Gall Qeally AS (9.5 212) (Gate) oteed © ae Dhgall ab GI oy ll pb ae Lg ay 5 Shall LS Realy 455 Oe ul OF Ia ge 2B pHa Gay ld Lake 96 cys Lelains Leadtne (AY) May ge ey SY) allel) Je geal gd Ons NS ai sind Moby pal) he Ut) gai alled) Nis Aacl (a5 180) esis gl Chak hy lg pa US Lgl y AOU ge Oa paky | pial y ll} Gall Al ine Bs yatible y + Oye ib Ais lS) cle GL Lie Gl all allel Slse calls (dL an paca hy 2 le Jala eS FLEE GIGS Catal) Om eaig 6 Jal ee Lge AB Gol 1g DU Usa s IASI Age spb ual ela ay ald gD jal Ld Sista aay of EU ys 8 328 Ane ay ile gll Goins cy dane Oy dane aging dey LAS Haat A ansigty ci gad | pass cS all SAN Uta ay plata ge ill pica) gy slats Hate Sg gy ge el) eas La gf ay gill Dally Leak! ale ool) a gia woe) aah)Aesiall sm Abas 5 552B 8 Ang) 3 pital) ABC Cathal ol 559 Cpe alll og pill Lag al) al gis (1) SSE Gh Les oh pga) pgaeS Quail) Gualcall sal (2) S20 eb ALD og pal by dad LLG OM Anstey ub pga Spe putin Og Oa Gili Cha gal) NS a al gisee golly ain) Gas AGU AC) od th Gaels cnslga a lag ye AB shag Ball gga Ge SS pamnyy gle ALAN 5 pall lag pal) pga) og all alge Gh gall y 56UR 5S pag Gul NL Satoall audinwall debi (5s6UBt) Lage HGF gal y Cul Nl Sata!) asiocall debi Kpensia (Anetta SUSI) dukes Aall g shill te Jyuaally eS by Gade ghana Ail og sla dag al ab Ow aes ah IS (atl sigh aggie Gs) Ula Yd | (2) use —_ seth og la) bag al Shay eb GLB (C) Cai sl le g sins Vg SHOW gigs Lh sonal le gagee gia Vl (3) GSE 8 LS. eae Cust Cui I Qe Lise) Lats 5 ylall ods 4S (Circle) 3 yh -Parabola ¢ isa ght) poy (paaia US iy ghia fF Atha ga aa) 3h ge gine Lil (4) dsa Aas ally pane Lasley gba Gf Ailalye Sal hy My GE ge ye shaw cL (5) JSail 4 Ls (Ellipse) yailit Shay daha fd AAD gy sah Lay SN lala Cn Suslye Qh gL oyyne g Jy sean slay (6) Jssl 4 Ls .(Hyperbola) ai 3) ebay pany Leia Sk:(Circle) 3a [3-1] (Center 55 yall) (padi AU Abd! cya Laes C9Ss sill og ginal (5 Hail) de gene Qt 6 C (Fk) ja tl 5 shall 5S yal jaye JM (Radius bi Gisal) poy LU i jade og ing (FP) alls Sil jb haat jay Cle gapall aL 5 sa Gl gl Circle ={p:pe-r , r>0} (plane) ¢ sisal 4 (point) Abii Ja p (xy) Sue Characteristic Equation of Circle Asli!) 5 yal) ates [3-2] | P (xy ) Abii gr > O Sus chan gl Ga (F) Labi hag C (Wik) W358 2 lb Aha) og ginal) gb A pe=r 1 V(e= bP + (y — ky or cath aa sis = (DETER, tpi say ald tle A peat Adal Gane (r) Us gad ney (0, 0) Jeet! ALS Ua 55 ye a 5 ital Ula Gf COGS asa as Atal aay (4) be inal s (5, nxn anne, ida! Sohal Ud aka digaall ga (-hy + (y-ke=r («> 5% + (y- 3p 24 J. («= 5+ (y- 37 = 16 Gee hans (6) Ws phi Cine g Jac) Aki La 5S y0 ill 8 hall ates ap, C(h,k)=C(0,0), F=6 cians : gall “(x hyp + (y kPa (+0) + (y- OF = 36 = x4 = 36 (> SP + (y#3)? = 49 galates Qa 5 shal) hsb Cinalis 5S yo sai : dal (xh) 24(y-ky =P Aula) Ulead) ae Aaa, o(h.k) = ¢(5 , -3) “P= 49 36 =V49 = 7 Sass Abad sige Gall sll dans Cpalel) Go) Chaall (9B cuales aay aes By, + Ya) + PLO, We Dental cae (Mabe) anal alld) +(W,-yP Ale Ha JAN ALG AX + By + C= 0 Aibsles gD L psitead cy ae) cup Lath Ata um es P(K,-Y,) [Ax, + By, + C] (ARB alee) Baad! g gh seall 8 P,(X,.Y,) + Py (XY, \Oee P,P, pine debi duets Li FB Guus hes d-. y+ ¥, Paw) PCy) afm)2 At pact) sit june, : dal pe pe =V (x, =x) +, 9)? pe=\V(4—27+(3-1p-127+2? -[a+a -[8_ po-\8_ (x - 4) + (y-3P=8 5 pla Qi) atest ee B, (-2.. 3). Py (4. 5) chibad ta a) sal lg a 6 lal Ades ap : dal P,P, sheila © (x. y) “X= (X, + X,)/2 = (4 + (-2)) / 2 =(4-2)/2 = 1 y=(¥, + ¥,)/ 2= (5 +3) /2= 8/2-4 ee (1. 4) bor=peV (4-14 (5-4-0324 1? -l9+1 = 10 units 2.6 = (10° unit (ATP Hy 4-10 ut dae AIG SscUi pladtad a yh ge 5 pall Adsles ola) 4b Ao day yb Ade tg’ Boia Alslas old Uyad Jhb hg Lisa! GaP, (Xx, ¥,) » P, (X, » ¥, eats a SA Galea!) Jal Ja ost a | /) ‘x2 + y? — x (44(-2)) ~ y (5 + 3) + 4 (-2)+ (5) (3) = 0 x2 + y?~ x (2) -8y -8 + 15-0 xety-2x-8y+7-0 + DUball Jy! Gall 98 Ayla) Atsteal) Jay (x-1P + (y- 4? = 10 a > xw+y?-2x-8y+7=0 Aldea beats @e> 3x = Ay — 15 = O pitteall Guacig Suc) Aba! Ua js yo (ill 5 ila Adstes ap _ 13x, = 4y, = 151 _ (3) (0) ~ (4) (0) = 151 _ FIST: dal Fe Cay d= 15/5-3 units /.d=r= 3 units Je +y=9 wbagals gh Gp ygacd) aah cross 13) 5 jilall Qales [3-2-1] (tr) Ue ph cal gc (Ih Ke JU 35 po cgi) § tla) Cua 13) (Fh, O) & cata Abtig r= || ol Ola jgaee (0. k) cA cola) Abily =|] Gd cata yee (FL, 0) 6 (OK) Lae Gata ty r= fh] = Ik] G8 Guha cage + Q 6 @A eis Grzpne) Ga 5 sald (For) W5852 Gs da) Qa 9) Y, (Ye) (OFF) ta 858 98 Gp gl Lt =. (ro Ht) tae Gy6s ee gy (rw) (Fo) We cahey ad get Sk) (3 + 2) 5S s05 clea) yaad) ued (gill 3 shall Utes op eee aga Gad 5a gl Ly : dal) oot = Ik] = [2] = 2 unit Sco hp + (y- keer 00-3 + (y-2pa4 4 co deans Ulan) baa Ss ety-6x-dy+9=0 Abt dad | baci) Gas Gal aOR Go Syed) QoS Gan Ba A ok xe+y?-2hx-2ky+h?-0 Js) Eat SS61AN 98 Gass Ja 985 da x2 + y? — 2 (3x) ~ 2 (2y) + (3-0 > x+y 6x-4y+9-0 Adslaa ex» (4-1) 5S yay goleal gral) Guat gill 3 hall Late ag. geteall sgl) Gus 8 a of Ley : dail “ore hl=|4l=4 | units “(eh ty keer LAP HY FTP = 16 Syed) Riel Je ty? 8x+ 2y41=0 bud (WfsBacLAN Camus oo pl Ady ay Ggalecall goal) Quucd (pill 3 pial Allee shal See w+y-2hx-2ky+h=0 xe +y?-2hx-2ky+k?=0 ery 2 (4)x- 2 (“y+ (1-0 x+y? - 8x +2y+1=0 Adsteal (4 = 4) S05 Catlastl appeal) Quad (ill § pall Ashes ae ca sgaal) Gast Sia Gf Ly : Jail “r= [hl = [kl core |al= 4] = 40 units vr=4 units | 2 e- 4h + (Yt 4P = 16 Aoutan Atatea “x+y? Bx + BY + 16= 0 Aalel! Alstead x+y? - 2 (4)x- 2 (-4)y + 16=0 J. + y? — 8x +8y +16 = 0 ee uy fupitny step detnasma carp re : dal NED CN Gb Ry Cy goa Gad Sula Gf Ly (or, 1) = © (-5, -5) “(e+ 5) + (y + 5)? = 25 Ayala Ute) Ss ety + 1Oxt1Oy+25=0 — baatty %,)Abas Ga 9h tye Aiskeald gules 5 5) Ady jby UMlall Ja Chee xetyt-2hx-2ky+C=0 C(-5,-5)-(h,k) Joe + y? = 2 (-5)x - 2 (-5) y #25 =0 Sty +10x+ 10y+25=0 sOublaay! Ges goall Gasiy (2, 1) Ueki 5a) 5 ya) Aster ida) aS) Ons gml) Quad Ssh of Ly ore Thy =k) “chp eyo kya (1) (1)Atee 8 kar, har ce Gat Ss (x-nt(yomer Sia) Ales Gist Pp (2,1) “(2-r+(L-np=r v4-4r+ P41 -2re rr v= 6r+5=0 (r~S)(F- 1-0 =r-5 or r=1 vr=5 2€(5,5) “c= 5) + (y- 5) = 25 (1) Aaa or r=1 >C(1,1) IP ty IP ad (2) AtaGeneral Equation of Circle 5 all Asta) ste) [3-2-2] Ayal) staal Jape Coe AGS Lala) guy 3 all Ula (x-hpe+(y-kp=r Sei dhxth+y-2ky+h-P=0 e+y-2he -2ky+C=O Aaa! Guat A--2h , B=-2k Uayiy c-R+Re-P Rey tAx +Byt+ C=O Sygallys plal Utes Guat r-Vhe+ke-C>0 , K=-B/2 , h=-A/2 digi oh Bad 5 all Lata) Attell ga Y + X Cpa AGEN Aa pall Ga Alsten © (1 cos8s oh dual) y? Sates = 32 ales © X y antl cya Ayla Aaland © V(tP + -C) >0 digi r> 0° 2 ai Boda Adsles Sig 259) cata G! @xe ty -2x+6y-9-0 @3«-3y-2x+6y-19-0 @v iy -sxy-2x+6y-19-0 @xv sy -2x+6y+19-0 @v ty -2x+6y-19-0 : dal AENED Ag yal a Adslas UY 5s sles Sy @ Y2Salns # x? Salas OY 5 plall Biles Jt Y @ : KY sal fe gg sind YAY 5 pHa Aste Ji @ ")..) —— =eSus 5 pla Aes By @ h=-(-2)/2=1 , k=-6/2=-3 , C=19 \wee-e = \i+9-19 -\-9 @R OSH) Ales Jay sys 5 pls Ader Ji @ h-1 , k=-3, c=-19 crsVnrek—c = f1+9+19 -V29 >0 2x? + 2y? + 12x — By + 6 = 0 Sa Shi Ginaly jS ys Obglasl on dal T= y? alan = x? alee eat ©. [22 + 2y? + 12x - By +6 = 0] > x+y? + 6x - dy +3=0 2. (-A/2 , -B/2) = C ( -6/2 , 4/2) 2 (-3,.2) 3S pal crsVRte-e = V-3P+QP-3 haar = 2, C (1, -3 )la js yo it 5 hall Aate) teal (x 4+ (07 +2A+BO)+0=0 (C= 0) (2) Aates ue = 2A=--4 > A--2 ..., (3) P, (3-1) (1) Alateal) gins | => 3?+(-1)P +3A+B(-l)+ce=0 ..... (4) (4) Altes 8 = 0,A=-2 Cag => 10+3(-2)-B+0=0 = 10-6-B=0 = 4-B-0 >B-4 ety — 2x + dy =O ALteal! “31eal (ple La iS ye ay P, (—1 1) Py (2 5 L )cstbailly pad 5 hal Aisles on 2x - dy — 5 = 0 Addslas gid dal) x+y + Ax+By+o=0 5 plall dala Aateat BP, (2. 1) AslaD Atstead (gies = 4+1+2A+Bte-0 => 5+2A+B+c=0 Py (-1.1) Ada Aten) gine =2-A+B+C=-0 = 5+2A4+B+C=0 — (2) 5(1) daergs =2+A5BzC=0 “3+3A=0 = 3A--3 = A~-3/3 = AW-1 coalu oC (-A/2, -B/2) 58a 58a 2x - dy -5 = 0 piiteall Alstes diay 5 al JS > -A+2B-5-0 = 14+2B-5-0 = 2B-4 = B=2 ge dasi(d) (53) A=", B=2 (1) Aer giuagi 3 5+2(-1)+2+e=0 +5-2+2+6-0 se wey -x+2y-5=0 AbaZORETEN 3-1) ott AS SEY = Sa Attes Ghd LA Crraleall Ge al @ © + ay - 2x +3y-0 @ e+ y+ ax-oy-12 @xeeye my -1 @x-+y-o @y--x 2 APS) CYL Go Ula Js (85 sa Her oe @ Haag 5 wkd Gals 0(3,-2 Jase @ P(-4,3 JALAL jay Guat! Sh aS @ P(4 3 Abi paty C(-1, 5 Ja 35 » Hate Gb EE p41), (2 .-3)gsd eb gs a 5 td ate ow @ | 2 AGM ji ya Jhb katy js a clgiaal oo @ @ex+5)' + 0-4 = 36 Our +v-9 @ex + 2y + 3x +4y-0 ©( 2-3) Wag ynd pina quad al 6 al) Alas a @ Y=6 penal) Guaiy Cult Ge ygaal) Gast ll bal) eee @ cothand) Ou ygnall Gasiy (-3 6) Asi i HN 5 la Utero @ wt Aad gly Gutta Gyysaad Quad y Ghany 5 Webb Gisal (i) 5 lal Asean @ ltt) gal Gh Yh tot gal ods La S¥) etl ds LE - Glan 4 Wht nage (2, H3) W384 gil 5 pall Aaa Ate ccs) @ sal) yma Ae US 0 giey (Ss )« (3.1) catbally yak al 5d Ase og @ +P, (3.4) .P,(0.1).P,( 1. 0) BL yi 0 5 tad date os @ (a© Gbidait S) Chapter 4 Circular Functions 4! Jig - 46 54g [4-1] + = BU) Geet [4-2] + da 402 [4-3] + + A ta dys [4-4] + «ss 4-4-1] ° «ew [4-4-2] + «ys [4-4-3] + | | Aya Jgal Gy cba [4-5] + + Ayala pladial [4-6] © ~ Anata Ug [4-7] + = (8) Leek (a dash 5 As sha Gl gall ad [4-8] * + OsilS hd GA lg gape Sys Sisal [4-9] * «Apa ciate [4-10] © + Agiiall J) gal) Gina aw [4-11] + 7Gh) dual! Ss Circular Functions 43. Ji sal) 2 As 05a [4-1] oss Ape yn ALAN ARLES al) Aa Gi Gye SelB Dy GLY! ales Gall ae ale Nha Cie LAD 6 Sng Anal Ai gh Al Labbe Lake ln ob oat) apts agally « Cilla 24a) J) gl = AGSHAN pgilecy facie Lake gs guild gall o pie! gil Ly agli Gall aa 6 5 jlias Auk jo abel) Vie Lpuay dala cilia! co all alia! shy + bye abel) Vda cel Cpe Abad) gil) ( Ga sill Giada sy) CMa Ge Yay Able atl) all awe! «ABA cual shoe) Gb (BI Guleatl) JSa) Ge Js) aby Auch wl SLac 8) | plges alll y + ala) JB lis y Crane Waa SS All gg Dea pled) GA Gob ( pp gal eg gel) eal) ala} AB cael) Ce Mingiall Ai gala Ae) yew Agi Gy 9S gill plug) DUB Gye gle aii te «Aegis a glad, AGaia) Jalal) Jag Laila yg 50) GiB Ailetall se! gl C1 paGed (ot yall Jaa gi aby sel Lnclyt Uslaa gsasly « Ag! cla) Glalne aliss Abba) dog 6) citi Sab VSL y alae Lang « iglaall oa ual Ae site Epa | planta y pla alli y Jil y + agitate a CdS ciall SAS Oe Ae guage heal phe AN Gl ele bb Bd A gia CHIN) cy ale Gilly + AygsSl ciithal ale gb Wy alld Gi V gio lee Geil) clue Gye 9 929 Ai gia ( oli ce sale ce abl 4 gl) AEN stay Eta ale A (( p 1009) gg mera!) Guise cyl) Se As Sine Lede a aay of te 2 Aiba 0 dua siyThe winding mapping 4) bi!) [4-2] 44452 si )(Unit Circle) ss—a si 5a os Abi ists se gh oh gM) Gul o = BU Gaal! pans ( pall euzaglls Aga ga otis d bad CANS gl AD) pale) Qh nell 9B conde GG Lay = Aad Saal yy Saal y Ate Abas dy gj odgt old San gl Sila gh Angus — Ba gee Aa 5 apllga) glial qlalit gay A gt AOB Sys) ju Auitiad skin (4-1) JS ipl bang! Clima) ygme Ge Ga gall ¢ jall ple a A ( Saagi 5a Jhb Guar dus) r= OA, r= 1 , A=(1,0) 1) gseui GS) 229130 gd qin ghilis AL ay D (4 COD Ay) 3 Asitian Absatn (4-2) san hy ; Baal sls ee Ciasleall pyne Ga Ga gall ¢ jal de git D ‘ *. D=(0,1) (4-2) gs Bs ee Ag) 5 gilgitl ahaa) etal ag L & HOL 4) 9) jut Ayia Abain (4-3) Jsitth (by Bangi! y Cilia) pga Co lla) ¢ jal! le gL - L=(-1,0) * O WON (4-3) Jaa {5gcA LOM ig y)5t Qathan asian (4-4) Joa G3 Jials 2 M= (0-1) dus N ca MON ug) Aube akan (4-5) Jean Gay leh. ae N= (xy) (4-5) Js 4 pall Sangll 51a le Ail gh) Aba N= (xy ) iss Lada jase 8 calls 13d 2st Aga sal Usha ald O Grcos O 41 jays cosine O yx ase gd O aut Noe coilgill Ugales ay ig Ul pels eW polal cast Aga gall Lgl jt ult 8 cua sin 6 41 jays sine 8 ye y aul) Ld N cys colli Yak jas SSS Silda) laa ( Gifiatl se! Ae guns ) R Lagie JS lee Gs Le of sSi Nig CE OS Ro oS Lage Ady lig [-1,1] Legis -1s cosO< 1 -1s< sin <1 5+ Quay [1,1] Gilda Ugtlaay R Uyllas als (sine) Gusts V OER :sin@=y = Ata Ankit pola) aay) y due + Gay [1,1] delat Ugilaey Ro Ugllas ds (cosine) ala qua V OER : cos 0 -x = ABN Ub all Blan x cy 2 Ay SU at Galil) Lent Lp US oa Shae) Coe agin pb Ae gang Csi Ll Ca ly Aga ge asl 5 gl ol 2 ABDhal) hay gl) g shall Gull JUte| Ge Sala Gye By . ag) Moll 0<0<271 Atal) ing pA) gist aba gh 0 <= 0 <360° Aas ast al hall gag col 6 cee ase (WK) us ( 2KTT) Lay gat GLa Las oly any Cola Je ol Bly |Angle =2kI1 + 6) 423 6 Gui) ula ASN ULM On JS Gah HLM aa gl a) 8.75 Il b)66 a) 8.75 I= 811+0.75 I 0.75 n= 311 os 3 3 . (QTD) 98 (8-75) at 3 a9 a Gobi 38 )3.14 = 1 8 ash oats Gat sin (-711/2 ) ua! : Jal) -71 /2 = -4 i+ 11/2 TH2 ss -7M / 2 4a5)50 oat Gala “sin (-7I1 /2) = sin TI /2 0 4 = fe) ( (O.1) Apitiad Asai ¢g alee) las!) (4-6) Jean ZO RRLEN (4-1) Gabe AS IE 2 ANY Yas (a Ula ow Je agi) clu as (DD @un @=5n @sin/3 @cos 19 1/6 ‘Qs 24m Aaishas stacy) 2 (2): ( tangent) J) 4s [4-3] Qe ne bapa Lines ny gl lly Sang 8 ld Gye Ua ole Ge Jue of Osa ic 5 yilall Lukes y5S) Cues Ayia slscy! A oe Vata ghee sel) sh oh bday (4-7) Jal Bay ) » tan Oyig bi) Nis ae O ys) as tan:{ 8:0ER ,cosO#0}> R. tan @ = sin @/ cos @ 4 tan : Ji) ate ? ? 2 2 sin /cosO Ge Agi) At gpa ( tan ) JB Ws g) Bars , ' 7 clade gis (oy) Sia A ossiy I eI Eee OAs ad 0<0< LL @ (5-8) Js aay cosO >0, sin@>0 Fitba ALAN GSS 9 HO) Goll bad O Asha ob gZ.« e< 1 casi cos 8 <0, sin O >0d) gi (-xy) pO(4-9) Joa bay (4-8) gst (4-9) gs dad ae ga Cis Me ox Me ass® PaaS is (-X-¥) ge 8 das jl Attia tan®@> Oyu pew sin® < 0,cos 6 <0 (4-10) use bs tae dad osoded deoisa oe UL <6 0 (4-11) Jat iss + MN dgsall oo pale qaay OSes(4-12) Jsai) dang 5 yl2 6 gs) (cos 8, sin): 42 Bliss) O44 jt Attia Aba V2 B r= OB=1 oj Bau BM = sin@ (cos 8, sin 8) ee OM = cos 8 M i445) ald OMB Gitta GJ Ley PO) Gata Ga BLE Aik pe ee (cos 8 )?+(sin@ j=1 (4-12) gsan [sind P gaYa sin? @ sale cass: Uae [ cos 6}? gs ¥4 c0s%O ulisy Visas [ sin OJ GY sin9@ cast ialley 2 ISG) OSay MBL Scat! Os! tan STI /3 a 2 GhOML tial) Gs saad al! Goll gd git 8 = SIT /3 Sit + dal Sn tan_SIL_ -_sin 3 3 cos SIT 3sin @ = —S— css just east igang G9 Gud w O cus Go) beh 8 ks Gilg sip la cilde tan@ , cos And ang tt 2 Jal) sin? @+cos? 8= 1 9/25 +cos*@ =1 > cos *? § = 1-9/25 = 16 / 25 2. 60s 0 = 44/5 Med Ae Oolles “cos 8 <0 <.¢0s@ = -4/5 “7 tan @ = sin @ /cos 0 3 . 3 .. tal = n= —S 3 --3/4TORRE (4-2) outs AS GE wea gh Aga gall (x) Aa) 5 lg) hall o) cuake 15) tan x , cos x, sin x a4) 2 AGM) Aaa bath 8 55.51 5 ls bly pall elt-2) “e [e@y @ (+ .£) @ see) gt! @ sin’ 3 + cos? 3 @ cos? 11/6 - sin’11/6 til Lae ins @sin FL cos HL + cos HE sin 1 = sin HL : 6 3 6 3 2bg J8l Aayiia digs [4-4] tan , cos , sin: Ala Jigs Mita agit Ls FA US Alay yA digs Gil G) Lig J gal ola plainly (GED ) Aa) Cagle cya Agcy Ada ay Cot Yt jays ( abel JE) cotangent Aa) (1) . tan cot x = ] /tanx rdlgl = cos x /sin x [4-4-1] as Cot pla Jb itis cot:{@ :0 CR,sin 04 0}>R, cot 8 =cos 8/sin 6 .(Sin 8 40) b pty Adal) stacy) JS Li_ai cot Ada os! (cos) Atial) sti cya Agila dat a ysec YI jays (ahi) secant 4) (19) sec x = I/cos x dg! is Al ble (COs x # 0) bpd x Auda! sey) JS iad Gas [4-4-2] sec: {8:0 R,cos 8 # 0}5R,(Sin) Aah glia ga AQGLY Aad ay CSC Ul ja yy (aLaill elit!) cosecant A). ese x = I/sin x dg! (sin x 40) byte x Lidell sued) JS ai Qty [4-4-3)iy.ss ese : plall eblé A}. ese:{@ : 8 ER,sin O + O}>R, esc = 1/sin® “ tl Fads asisin x= 5/13 oy —- SX SH: assy cos x, tanx , cot x, sec x , csc x + dal “2 sin? x + cos? x = 1 <. (5/13)+e0s? x =1> cos? x = 1- 25/169 = cos? x = 144 /169 = cos x= + 12/13 Serdewe Bex tan? x +1 = sec? x ,V x, x# (2n+1)I1/2 Ge en a tan x = sin x / cos x 1 OY aby I/cos x = sec x aA Bb Lad OS. Ganee sae due xeNTT OSS gaa AL 44, th 1 gle Juan sin? x Ge (1) (sin x / sin x)? + (cos x / sin x)? = (1/ sin x)? > 1+ cot?x = ese? x ,V x, x ni 6 eesesesesessSssSSSSSSSSSSS SY2 ASV) Aiba dase cal (> sec? x + csc? x = sec? x ese? x, Vx, x #nJI/2 qme oe nds Sad) GBD: cilsy) sec’x+ csc? x = I/cos *x +1/sin® x sin’x+ cos * x cos *x sin? x = 1/ cos *x sin? x = 1] cos *x . 1/sin? x = sec? x csc? x an) Ubi 1 AGN) Masa Lae Gs 3cos? x — sin? x +1 sin? x 3 cos? x — sin? x +1 sin? x__3cos?x +(I-sin?x) _ __3. cos? x + cos? x sin? x sin? x 2 = A608? ~ geot? x sin? x ZR 0-3) a8 ASSP 1a JS dad wicos x = 2/3 sy3HL < x < a I@ ese xX , sec x , cot x 2 1 ga Sieg api tan x = 7/3 olsyIl < x < ao si@ csc x , sec x , cot x @ x - sin x sec x @sec? x - _sin? x + cos? x I=sin? x 2A) clita dane oat @ @(i-sine «(1 +tan? x )=1 -cos? @ 1208 *__ = sin x cos x tanx 4 2 ® Lssin x~ sin’ x = cog x stan x cos xUsing calculators duslai) sladiu! [4-6] Nga) pb slay Apelad) plastid cuales G) Guu il aladiad ala oils 4as)5 UY ble tan , cos , sin AS bale csc, sec , cot. Syall ad sly Aula 3) Shays (DE G) Aas)3)) ast Made ae gl ahi Gua (R AD) r x ° >. Ayala GY pladinl ese 51° ap > ge bial g) sin STs ys Us 8 sca oD slat) On lt a ll tll 1 sin 0.7771459 428) jie ghd sin 51° = 0.7771459 pans Nang = Oneal) ol) steal Ge A at fl Golda le aac lanaf 1)x (sin qsts).csc 51° sau silly 1.2867597 Aslan te ghd Qmdf Ga Yay INV Clik Lysle 52 5p.g0 Glue lis : Abiadle esc35° 22, sec35°22 , cot35°22 a Ge Rated plasty + dal Set) Go oI Gat fl Gotha le billy Cla jal Ge yg he aS oo Gilda dg @ Saal 2 |) 2 ||+|]60) = 0.3666666 sat Ltd) gle ght GAD gle ball ay st Gul Hess Jas @ +113 5 35.366667 sae AGG) ple gly + sual) Laka gle ghd tan cliie le bial tan Aad a @ 0.620751391 {i2 Gila le bial, cot je Juan tan Ula) sles ani @ 2nd 1x saat) ASLAN Ute gy cot 35°22 = 1.61095086 ese 35° 22 , sec 35° 22 cya JS say lial Ja Jas) dud Gaglutly Apattlal 4915 [4-7] a | sae Sue (9 x 90% + 5 gual ple yaks Hash ld Sala Aagh jt ule O gis 14) © abst i Sata Lag jtl Muatte Fgh j pea ( Gull 4) Gare ( + OY (30°) Sata 43) jt Anatia( 150°) tyelsd all agi j s ud ( 150°) = (290° - 30°) / + GY 60° 449) ju Auudin 240° 445) jy ( 240°) = (290° + 60°) 2 OY 60? Aig) jt Anette 300° Aas) jy (300°) = (4x90° - 60° ) 2 OY 30? Aas) jl Apatite Aaghj a -30? Asis (30°) = (090° - 30°) 2 UgShaahs ll Lg jt CIB Sala Aa gh j GulB O Cuts 15) AA eat) hy ll ol Labial y (180°- 8 ) « (180°+8) « (360°- 8 ) « (360° 6 )« (90°- 8) « (90° 8) «(0+ 8) « (0-8). = Aug) 5 Auacia Uy gt «(270° 8 ) «(270% 8 ) 1 Sead 240° = (180° +60°) 240° = (270° -30°) 135° = (180°- 45°) gi_—«135° = (90° +459) 300 ° = (360° - 60°) 3 300 °= (270° + 30°) 330 ° = (360° - 30°) 3 330 °= (270° + 60%) Ugtlic ine 9) 360° coke fas (211 Ge SI!) 360° Go 2S) Aas Cub ols 13) bade ("7i.)ol ees gh Ley Got ced (og hall Gobi Gals 13) pili Las gi 277 Cub sl) 10, 211) 9 ee § 10,360) 9 ph S139 Audad) AY) plated ya COS 120°, sin 120° a5 Goi» — (4-13 Js Bs) . 3 got) 4 gi 120° = Yat a) AOB 4,3) I®@D B(x , y) = B (cos120°, sin 120°) =i 3 Y saad of Guise 8b cas B > B gsly “B(x, y) = (cos 60°, sin 60°) B xox oly J. 608 120° = - cos 60° = -1/2 yay ais “sin 120° = sin 60° = 13/2 (4-13) ds 120° = 180° - 60° = 2 « 90° - 60° 60° Hag) 38 Scie 120° oh aD Spl) JEN Ga sin 120° = sin 60° = 3 /2 cos 120° = ~ cos 60° = -1/23 ae a SUL Las AD gat od gl 120° = ahd at AOB L313) I@ B (x, y) = B (cos 120°, sin 120°) 290° geld 4s 3) jo Saal Abdi Iga olga 8 cat B > B oss B = (cos (90°+30%) . sin (90°+30*) ) ©. 608 (90°+30°) = -sin 30 = -1/2 sin (90°+30°) = cos 30° = [3 /2 (4-14) san a3) (0) Daath Abas Gob Gulsad¥y San gil 8 sla lade) 2 1bLLS sin 210° , cos 210° Sag) lal) pgnall ob Gul) g Sas gi 5 pila pladiudy: 2 bis sin 315° , cos 315° scillbadte tA) at gl AY Asta Ji gall ad slay QUT cm nS) 31 360° Ge St pel GIS 1 yh att uh (Mx 90° + 6) Si(MI/2 +O jr sgeall he Ani sl dash 3 old eal bala Aaj td O (1.2.3.4...) pail BL Gl Ga Geese nde 1,3,5,.. aa BL yi guigee wen si® 2a gots (MTT/2 £6 ) Aas) jl Ay Hal Aad ab Gl cos ,, sin (n[l/2 + 6) sin @ (cos (nI1/2+@) cas cot 6 , tan (n[I/2+ 8) oa ese 8 sec (nII/2+8) cas tan @ (w\cot (nfI/2+0) oss sec Jicsc (n[I/2+ 8) ory(MTL/2 +O) Aysh5h ab a Al east) gb ADM 5 LG bleh a ae 2.4.6... pal 48 gl cage ass en SI ® AUS Big SEY (nIT/2 + 8) 449) Aad A as Gd cos (nII/2 + 8) .wisysin 8 LH dss sin(n1/2 + 6) oI cot Hg) a Gh UN) 5 LY Sel ys Ge AY dig Lid Nise g «080 Gt U5 (nm/2 + 6 aes SMR asl) ean Lgealty OLD A at GM gt a @® 360°+6 90°- 8 45 180°- 6) 90° 8 Aas) att 3 AD gal) Gly 270°-8 cM 180°+ Os) 5 canis EE pay 360°-8 ct) 270°+8 Aas) jU cond ce Ql edly ls yd Jo ad QOL”). 420° , 330° , 210° , 150° , 30° IS) Gd of 30 Gals SN LI® .. sin 30° = 1/2 , cos 30° = ¥3 /2 , tan 30° = 1/ /3 esc 30° = 2, sec 30°- 2//3 , cot 30°- BD od Aw 150 Guts LI I® |. sin 150° = sin (180° - 30°) Jor }sin 150° = sin (90° + 60°) = sin 30° = 1/2 = cos 60° = 1/2 pecos 150° = cos (180° - 30°) = - cos 30°--/3 /2 cos 150° = cos (90° + 60°) -sin60° = - [3 /2 tan 150° = tan (180° - 30°) tan 150° ~ tan 30° = -1/[3_ = tan (90° + 60°) -cot60° = cot 150° = cot (180° - 30°) cot 150° = cot (90° + 60°) = - cot 30°=-J3_ = -tan6o° =- [3 sec 150° = sec (180° - 30°) sec 150° = sec (90° + 60°) = - sec 30° = -2/)[3 ~ -ese60° = -2/[3 ese 150° = ese (180° ~ 30°) ese 150° = ese (90° + 60°) = ese 30° = 2 = sec60° = 2 at gD od G85 210° Gadd LI I® . sin 210° = sin (180° + 30°) sin 210° = sin (270° - 60°) = -cos 60° = -1/2 = = sin 30° = - 1/2 210° Ltd pil) Ay) jut ALN) Asal GN gall aud Jas) bla “75 -1G ot gi 330° td tL II® sin 330° = sin (360° ~ 30°) sin 330° = sin (270° + 60°) = - sin 30° = -1/2 = -cos60° = -1/2 330° utd 2) Aa gl 50 ALN Atal) J) gall ab Jas) bls 420° = 60° + 360 auld dL NQ® 13a (60°) Kea a9) 3 Aad Gud! ed ( 360°H60°) dag) jth Attia AN ad oS cos Uptlie tis i 360° ¢ Jht 360° Ge iS) Lag) 3M Gul GIS HS) AL WS Gh aes al: Made 420° ~ 360° =60 ° cfd Ae Ay) gal) Cull AGO aL Grey A GAL Nia ©. sin 420° = sin 60° =[ 3/2 cos 420° = cos 60° = 1/2 420° 45) 4 Ag Hal) gall ab Gast: bhi (— 8) Geahsd il a9) 5 Aa sia J) ga) asf [4-8] BE (— 8) ak aT ah GE ae eal) ob as (8) eld Qa) Light cats 19) etl qu Boxy) = Leos 6. sin @) (4-15) Jsa Bay + Saal UW Jes (8) Galt i) AOB 49 B(x.y) = (cos @, sin) X jena dee Gis fhe B> Bos B (cos (- 6) , sin(- 6 )) ob a (4-15) ssa B (cos (- 8) , sin(- 8) ) XK 6Y> -y: Oy ba tan (- 8) = sin (- 8) / cos(- 8) assy “76.=- sin @/cos 8 Wye GD Aah) g sBy Ma oh peas La Aa cd LE Gy ladle gens Aisha) Hay sally y Jah gi GUE g) iid LW Gd (- © ) cos (-240°) , sin (-240° )as + dal) sin (-240) = - sin 240° = - sin (180°+60°) = sin 60 = z + 608 (-240°) = cos (240°) = cos (180° + 60°) =-cos 60° =-1/2 tan(-300°), cos 780" , sin(1911/2) a> & sin (1911/2) = sin( 3 +811) = sin (1) --1 cos 780° = cos(2*360+60°) = cos 60° =1/2 tan (-300*) = - tan 300° = - tan (360 - 60) (4-16) sea = -(-tan 60 ) = tan 60ZORA (6-4) 0138 AS SPY papb G1) wt 8 a O , sin O cos@ , cos (3[I/2- @) . sin (I1/2+ 0) ask 270° < Bf <3602 cosf-0.8 ws 1@ sin 2 , cos (270° 48) , cos (270°-f) 1 AaB uals 90° < oc <1809 since = 24/25 os I@ sin (90°-0c) ~ cos (180° oc) + cos 120° @ cos (II /2+0 ) cos (I1/2 - @) - sin(II+ 8) sin(II- 6) = 0 POlSt oc Ash jh Ad et oa 3@ @sin <> 0, cos o >0 @sin <> 0. cos «<0 @sin < < 0, cos x <0 @sin « <0, cos « >0 | # LS Ugly dare Lt ci tet I @® ‘@sin 270° = 2 sin 30° @sin 90° = 2 cos 60° @es 150° = 1/2 tan 120° @cos (30°+ 60°) = cos 30° + cos 60° e® @sin (90°+-0c)+ cot(270° ~c< )+ cos (180° +oc)= tan oc @sinz 135° - 1/2 (1-cos 270°) pl# Gash) hd GA Sg gana 4a lal J gal [4-9] gall uth Aidle 4 cos (x, + X,) , COS (x, — X, ) Sis Sigs abs Nia (bas igus sin X,, COSX,, sin x, » COS x, COS (x, + X,) , COS (x, ~ x, )elySia Ys) Shpall Ala pada Jaclag Ay shall) gall Gus Adal! padiaioy Adal! ods slays (Inner Product) syn (4-17) SSA gb unc gall OF OF Cagntall On agi jl a 8 Gls 13) Ait ali Lisy ( 8 =x,-x,o5,0 < 8 cos 75°= cos (45° + 30°) = cos 45°cos 30°- sin 45°sin 30° - a oy 2 2 2 7%- v3_ 1 em cos 15°= cos (45° - 30°) = cos 45°cos 30° sin 45° sin 30° ox x tL 2 IE sin (x, + x,) , sin (x, ~ x, Jelgsie -La “2 sin (x, + x,) = cos [90°- (x, + x,)] = cos [(90°- x,) - x] = cos (90°- x,) cos x, + sin (90 ~ x,) sin x, sin (x, +x,) = sin x, cos x, + cos x,sin x, (3) Aiuaiad euatl (— x) x, ce varsity sin( x, ~ x,) = sin x, cos x, ~ cos x, sin x,sin 15°, sin 75° qual GE» dat sin 75°= sin (45° + 30°) = sin 45° cos 30° + cos 45°sin 30° _ 4, oe + Bye 2 {2 2 {3+1 2i2- sin 15°= sin (45° - 30°) = sin 45° cos 30° - cos 45°sin 30° xB -kL ek 2 {2 2 tan (x, ~x,) , tam (x, + x,): dysie tan a laa x, +x, Gly tam AN las od Gabba Guue gi x, x, GUS NS) soa tan(x,+x,)- SiC) cos (x, +x, )cos x, + cos x, sin x cos x, cos x, ~ sin x, sin x, tage Guan COS X, COS X, (pe pli) y Luu) Lents sin x, cos x, . cos x, sin x, Gos x, cos x, Cos x, cos x, 0s x, cos x, sin x, sin x, Cos x, Cos x, cos x, Cos x, tan x, + tan x. 1- tan x, tan x, tan x, + tan x, T- tan x, tan x, sie Ue! (5) AU G8 (x,) O4 Yay (- x) 4 Lease ls tan (x, x) = N= aX ~ x)= 2 tN Tetanx, tan x,tan 15°, tan 75° uaa! @e> all tan 75°= tan (45° + 30°) = __tan 45° + tan 30° I-tan 45° tan 30° 1 bir 1-1x 1 3 oe tan 75e- 3 41 V3 -1 tan 15°~ tan (45° - 30°) tan 45° — tan 30° I+tan 45° tan 30° 1 1- f3 - 1 1+1 xe 3 we tan 15° =_3 51 3 +1 OU x gig ase JS :(1) 4a @sin 2x - 2 sin x cos x @cos 2x - cos? x - sin? x @cos 2x = 2 cos? x -1 @cos 2x = 1 - 2sin? x @ran 2 x = 2 tan x/(1 - tan® x)2 geawald O< o <90°, sin cc =4/5 ols 1 tan 2cc , cos 2oc , sin2cc sin? oc +eostx =1 <.16/25 +e08? oc =1 Cos? cc =1- 16/25 9/25 eos oc =43/5 “2 O< cc < 90° . 08 o =3/5 <. sin 2oc= 2sincceos o o. sin 2oc= 2 x 4 x3 = 24/25 “7 608 20c= costoc sin? oc = 9/25 - 16/25 = -7/25 sin2 oc | tan 2oc = wos de @sin2x/2) = ————_ 2 1+cos x @ cos? (x/2) = 2cos 1/8. sin [I/8 cual > sin? 1/8 = 1 = cos H/4 2 _ 1-2 2 Ph platy antl as cos? 11/8 - 1+ cos 1/4 __ ss Tua cos ns - S22 2squeal CLLuaall plain: C.gdy => cos 105° , sin 105” Hyg) 5 aa cy gith plains 270° Aagh jM chal 6g pil) atl ood a 195° Aygh ts ald 5 e® da! cost 8), sin(®) sin 105 = fz coon _ fasta at 3 = fewer | a vas 2 2 2 cos 105 = +0521" - 1 +cos(180+ 30) 2 2 [ire cos30)_ [12 _v2-V3 2 2 2 cos! x/2-sin‘x/2=(cos? x/2-sin? x/2)(cos? x/2+sin? x/2) = cos (2 ( x/2)) (1) = cos x cost x/2 - sin‘ x/2 = cosx, Vx ERREA (4-5) 5 AR SE @ auld 0 < x <90° cuisytanx = 3/4 gis ti tan 2x , cos 2x , sin 2x O @ or x= 180° © x pd Lab sin x = sin 45° AS 3) Jal sin x = sin 45° <> x= 45° or x= 180° - 45° x= 45° or x= 135° : Selsin x = 1/2): Aldea Ja sin 30° = 1/2 or x= 180 - 30°= 150° cos x= cos 75° lad > Qe) + dal cos x = cos 75° <> x= 75° or x = 360° - 75° x= 75° or = x= 285° sol {75° 285°} = dal de pans cosx=-1/2 deal da (Best NE gi SA Gus Masi bet x 1 cosx x= 120° or x= 240°> {120°,240°} = dail dc gone @ tanx=tan@ <= x=@ or x=[1+0 x=@ or x= 180°+6 2S i seal nbs tan x = tan 53° Adlea Ja @x> + dal) tan x = tan 53° <> x = 53° or x = 180° +53° x = 53° or = x= 233° {53°, 233°} = dail de jane 80tanx={3 Astead da tanx=/3 tan x =tan 60° : Jad) eo dad = x= 60° or = x= 180° + 60°=240° {60°,240} = Jal) 4e yap O . ther tan 4 x = tan (90°+x ) > (i a) G4) 4 x =90° +x > 3x=90° = = 30° or tan 4x = tan (270°+x) > (asd ed od) 4x = 270% = 3x = 270° = x= 90" (oe (30°) = Ja de gens y Aldeall Ja ee 2cos? x + 3cos x -2 = 0 . 5 AL Sg peat) Gy Jia: Ja (cos x +2) (2e0s x-1) = 0 > either cos x= -2 -1s cosx<] AN dag or cos x= 1/2 Gs ad! Gaal cd Lin gs COS K Oss Fd et AC) cos x = cos 60° > x= 60° + tT ged oh (os! cos x = cos (360°-60°) > x = 360°-60° = 300° {60°,300°} =Jall 4 saneByguall Gye Aad) cNaleall: Lath asinx +b cosx=c (COS x) « (Sim x) (pl) Apadlls lg¥) Aa pall Ga Alales gid gt 2 By gall gs Gila ciyaleat (/ asin? x + bsin x cos x +c cos? x = d (cos x) « (Sin x) Goa JS (8 EN Ay pal Gs Asleep} gait Atala gid pine og slay a,b,6 Cdaleal) aa) GIS 13 (LAyy)) Atta 8 (35)) Aad ALS pla Say Aaya Hates SIS a endagt Sad [pike og gla Y Colada) 9a Ga JS GIS 13) Lt AN) Stil GR LSy cc? sath? es ORD V3 sin x + cos x =3 2 AN ge eae ce G1 Dad Sal [sin x + cos x =[3 > tan[I/3 sin x + cos x =/3 > ((sin 11/3) /( cos I1/3)) sinx + cosx=V3 > sin [1/3 sin x + cos [1/3 cos x ={3 cos 1/3 cos (II/3-x)=S3 / 2 Gas JST) Gall Gt Langs 008 X G9 sin dhsin 2x+eos tLcos 2x = cost > cos ( L -2x)=cos L = Li GL gut si Jat! gull Li Gags cos x . dL -2x) = IL. I -,- 1 5 x 0s ( L-2x)= cos IL > I ax IL = x0 J cos ( i ~2x)-cos(--tL_) “dha - - dL ours et (0 AL y= Jan tegen REAM (4-6 ) 035045 AS SOE 2 AGN) Sysleall da @sinx- /3 7/2 @ros x = 2 ]2 @tanx-/3 23 @sin 2x-sinx+ 1) @cos 4x = cos(x+ M1) @ tan 4x-cot x-0 @an? x+2tan x+1 = 0 @ cos? x- cos x = 0 @cos x = 2 sin(x/2) @ tan 2x = 3 tanx @ cos x- 2sin?x @ 2 sin? x - cos 2x(4 sin 2x -1) @ cos*x-sin’x @ sin x+cos x= 1 92Graph of Trigonometric Functionsaitial J} sa) clsinis aw [4-11 ] seat Sha ca Oa Aglaia Clad gb Jill Jy 5 S55 Aah sal lly Saal gall gw ts sols call oa Glu gle Oe pill dal oo das L@D 2 dln LG keyg Lar dil tant Ye 1, x 6|4|}3|2]3]6 6 |3 [2/13 |6 we Ps ae yeosex| | 2 fra fie| a fre] 2 foe} 2 |e] a fae] 2 ft y = ese x i platl) qth ine Gol yh Cig) yga0 ple) Linge ginal G9 TT dO Gu eX Lae @® spe gaa Sata Lil lated G9 2IT tT ow GX Lae @® decile ye ina ® «1N2 Thais 211 pinta 5 hae AS Gal I Shad) Oa Vy GLE OY agin ye Fil®ZR (8 a1 AS gins Unsayig Aad) 599 Ga IS Gilad aut Gay AD J yal oe dS oly IG®D e@- sin 3x on [0, 411/31 on (0, 211] on [0, 211] on [-Il. 211] on [-2]1, 21] @ys-2 cos 3x on (0, 311] on [-II/2 . 311/21 on (0. TH ot page LHS tage Fhe le uaa! NG cabbie Gb gh + 5 oD @i)cos (20 +50) = cos20 coss0. sin20 sin50. b. tan(3A-2B) = tan3A| tan 2B /1 tan3A tan2B e))sin(80| 10) = sin80 cos10 - cos 80'sin 10 Jae She le deat GL LI® @i)sin(40 + 180 ) = sin 40 + sin 180 b)2sin [1/3 cos 1/3 = sin @ _21anx/3_ 1-tan? x/3 @)cos? 15 - sin? 15 = cos tod Led ALD Gl alls Aone tet Ce @® @sin 6x - 2 sin3x @sin 15 cosis = sin 30 @ros 80 = cos* 40 - sin? 40° @2,- 2cos x +3.= 0 Aalea Ja de same peB Ail Ga tpl eA Lali oo 81 @ A Laan @cossAcosa-singasinA = @sina cos4a-sin4acosa = @sin4a cosas cos4a sina = ah L1@ cot x, sec x , cscx : ods iad angi cosxn 2 cats, SIL < x <2 kK @ + ca dS Aa ap gl cosx- 3 als aL < x < 271s @® . €0S2x, sin2x, tan2x,sin(x/2),cos(x/2) had sp) Sula) adil os @ @} sin[1/8 costl/8 B)cos?—LL -sin' IL 12 12 . . ABCA Gye JS dace a@® Aljcos* x - sin x = cos 2x B})tan(x/2)= (1-cos x) / sin x© ual Guat) D Chapter 5 Limit and Continuity 4.) b aad Jue [5-1] Aya Ae [5-2] Az slal) J sall Ale [5-3] Aa) ped [5-4] f(x) Aba Ae Xa ae Se F(x) Syl paiel x=b(© atl Quail O) Aa) pata) g yaa) limit and continuity tis) pial y ai) Ae ad Ge Gib BAY y 3 sa sly le aia Gly) Qutb Badu (5-1) Usa) 8 GB 13) 3 asl Gas 3 Sale LRG a of) Lead (5-1) use 2.9, 2.99 , 2.999, CF gi a ayy A ja sig eal) Oa 3 sae ga aed Gti Vs Aiailiie Lyd b Lighet 115 3.000001 . 3.001 « 3.01. 3.1 | Sst MY Gay Qual a 3 cael) ga Lie Guu Do sa neighbourhood 421) |) 5 [5-1] + AMY lal) agit of lia hue Le pila he -1) Taal) pant Lange Tas Gp ha) © oly CaaS ) ue @ AS (a gga Ua Jy) a oullitga(a-ec,ate)-1 (4 gap Ue Nya) a sal pa) Liga (a- Ea] -2 (4 gs Jat) a retoat Lis [a ,a+e)-3 os oben 1/2,a-1 gsi 1 1 1 sali jae (I> 1+ @ “fos1 Lest ie (IH 1 @ 1 Lstow ie [11+ ——) @ (limit of a function) 40a) 4 [5-2 ] 2 aees gs celine 3) AU sgdhay hy ill Bid aaa N alas oh Lanai Landa gs ily Lah ania (5-2) GSA ib somal) Gis a) AD a JAR A Gal gall Gb Ce a I aL aly (5-2) Jean J BaD G) dlisy LAS x=3 Late ( Laie ALedie ) fF Ua ly dle) an f(x) Sead go) Gay) Lass la) Ga 3 Ge x Gul Latics 4 Gye Ay le Lad La y = f(x) dha Ga 3 lL As) LA x lhe! yb oe A Lice ahd La st + digit Ala ola Gay lim, fy-4 0 dl 4g glad Jal Ge 3 we Wal Le | ats iday KS 3 ic Ais cad 9) des all Gils 13 Ls os Ga ai al MAN obs She iy Gaal Age Ge 3M x cui LAS 5 Gye tit f(x) Heads gf) dling Lis : le Sa lim, f(x) = 5 Lasie 5 gg gli Aa Ae 5 gated cual) Ga 3 ae AN AE | iy Onell Ge 3 UA x Gti PoX= 3 aie Mijas Cad 3) Ade Mall cls 13) Lad [Si al LG) Bay By; 2 Abbaye 9) Coals Slual) Gad Ga x GbE Lasie 9 Ga Lat Atal) ts Ng 4 oak GN Lani: 9 Ga itt F(x) lim, f (x) = f(x) =9 Coahy shea) a 4 ie Asks ale Fhe Aad Luigi og glad Laaie Mal oda Gy = Aysa sl Sy gually Mb aie yay 4 aie QUE F Ma G) Us Wee x ase uy AUS Lancs aud plainly 4 p sgl posts of tile lida e Le le [alce) lim f(x) = L ole Wks (6-4 ) Jscal (5-4) ds 1 AD Lagat 1a Ge agit cn oa a B Lak x plbeks dy pLAG La a L Gye A 8 f(x) Jaa o) Lage Lila = ean 3 guyFAD gl Ne Sagas Wg pla agi NS Ayal Aine stot Lin) 1b e>O0dueL oe ll hee gl Ga @® (ach a) Shea sal N, jul gp gaat Lis th < Cees age ide eh Ga xEN/{a} > Sled Ge L Ge Ant ogi f(x) KENKa}s|fx)-LI0 n@ coe) (age aad g) Cab 13 Lo AL Jay tb TAX) LIS ga@® 2 Guay a all Nie 2 Qs Laie x EN / {a} I f(x) - Ll <€ ob 1 Aa Gegllaa hana Cath Bg Alyy dayne oy Pitlim f(x) = 3. ext f(x) = 2x-1 ost dad) hy all pladindly R=-fia@ BBA fe pal gl 2 ew has gt Rub Umi I ® (2-h, 2) die er0si@ lf -31 << @ | 2x-1-3 | < € | 2x-4| < € -€ < 2x-4 FX) -3 |< E aals 19 cua ga x a Lani Aa) Aye 4a JN Guita [5-2-2] SPST im Bs a Aba N sa aay x € Ni{a} = |f(x)-L | <€ PGS GL eal gl Ge 8 Him fo) = L im £(%) = lim.f(x) = L 1 OD iy Nay 2 Se cael Os LE 5g Leal Oe GE apy) gay a Aba) ae A a @ + Uy slate Lentils 2 Sy ual cw a aie LA y ual Ga a ALA aie HE cay 1 @® tC + han Og sf Sayage Gugla aie Ga GL, +L, Aad) cilia jue Gary [5-2-3] plaids Upinwa GLE Sarg A) Glan 4b sold ill Glia jal) Gye de pane ol Lad (1) i Vx EON fa} Aayee Ada) Galsy a sant ga N ots 13) cba Ce Ras f(x) =C alsy lim fox) = 6 im (S= TE. em f2- (T ‘Tiolimx=a gh f(x) lim x =[lim x] =a ling (+3)'= [im (+3) J" Lum x tim 37° [2437 =125Him, (23x) = tin x2 sie, 3x = 143-1) =1-3=-2 ee @e> fim (22 ~ 4) fim (x 1) io) er a or -2-1 -3 3 «Sa Gh aex se 1, f(x) = [x1] /x-1 od Lien f(x) x-T/xl=1 00, x>1 vf (1) /x-1=-1 ,x<1 Lim, f() = te, } Fir. #0) = fim = 2 COL, # OL, & Tim f(x) bagasse@iatey — Oimtey Bey tee) = tim Ged) = aed = 8 lim (+4) 144 = 5 = L, @iim tm - { lim (5 x)= 5x1 = 5 =L, cb, = b, = lim fx) = 5 Sagage Akl (x-a) (x?+ax+a?) x-a = lim: (2 +x +a?) =a? +a? + a? = 3a?(ea) = ty (x~ a) & = a) im ——____ “8 > a)(fe +fa) 1 - 1 = me Ie stim 1 /[x+ fa ee» os bxe43 0, x52 cust oo-{ e-2x ,x>2 adsty b,ce R Aah ss lim f(x) = 11 cas 13 : all Sasase lim f(x) lim f(x) = fim, f(x) = 11 lim, f(x) (¢-2x)-¢-45¢-4-11 50-15 lim f (x) = lim (bx? +3) = 4b +3 > 4b+3 = 11 > b= 2 fm ilimit of circular function 43a) Jal) 4 [5-3] isles Si) Ne BU LG Gye Ab A) aie 5 poiees a gant) 5 pfctl (gallo) coaled it shadte laaly Ay ial) J gal clita GLLe Aal a lim, sin(x / x) 3 (1) ayes costars 2 lal) ch < cd Gust gh < dh => sinx 1/x > cos x / sin x (sin x ) — deal a) Gib Gy > 1> sin(x / x)> cos x = lim 1 > lin) sin(x / x) > linn cos x > 1> lim sin(x / x) >1 «stim sin(x / x)= 1 (5-5) san Ay shal Sigal) GUIS cilia jae - lim sin x = 0 lim cos x= 1 . lim tan x = 0 . lim sin x/x = 1 Ling sin ax/ ax = 1 lim tana x | ax = 1lim, sin 3x / 4x = 1/4 lin sin 3x /x =3/Alim sin 3x / 3x = 3/4 1-3/4 sin? 4x —x x tan 2x or) asindx 4 lim 4x ‘ tan 2x 2x 2 lim x0tan 4x + tan 3x sin 5x tan 4x_+ tan 3x x x sin 5x (2) ge had al ty _ (41 #3x1) ge 5x1 5 lim, (1~ eos2x)/x? (2 {cos2x ye ( 1+/cos 2x x” 1+ feos 2x m0 ) tim (I= £982) 0 Tas [ees im) tim _2 Sim? x im *"' 52 (1+ [eos 2x) sin ig ——. lip x x lim (1+Vcos 2x ) 7% sinxi OHS @iy 3-4) 2. him = 16 tn eae x2 SL f£R-R: s@® f(x) = PU eas fim #02) as f£R-R: @ 5-x? x> =] ails) f(x) {es x<-1 xis 4 x= -1 ois i Ada opt shel bad I® £ lg -1 sib bue@® tig) =@ eta x>-1 Gas w- {6 x=-1 4x +b x<-] casi a,b ER Ang a9 lim f(x) = 3 as 19g(x) = 3x2 + 2x - 3 asi@ f(x) = 8 +6 lim( gif) () lim (a - f) (x) + gt bes JS Gt a@® tan x? im — 0 sin? x tan 4x @iimr sin 2x sane a ox | I cos x @im esx " x 3x @imt xo” sin 2xcontinuity 4, ) iy) [5-4] 1p AQIAN pl) dag pil) cia 1) x = Db aie 8 pane ANlall G5 965 Oi ee @im, F(X) Bagage @iim x) - |) Hy Ugllne wali aan ob 5 pcines CAS 13) 5 ines F ADL Uy @e> + Balen Wall Gf call f(x) = 8 — xP = 2? ails 13) Ja) Vo beR Hing f(x) = lien (8 — x? — 2x2) = 8 - bi 2b? f (b) = 8 — b — 2b? © lim f(x) = f(b) lead walis Ga pais JS fii b oS! x = b alc 3 paiue Adal Vx ER B pclae f (x) B atiaas f(x) X= Ose ties e DI® X= 0 ae 5 yaies yS Ua = f(1) = 6 , lim f(x) = 3@ lim f(x) # (1) X= 1 ae bynes yb ANN lim, f(x) + lim («) @ X= 3 aie 5 pais ye Aa ‘20ray xi [5-4-1] 2 Cilia 1), D slay Ge Adee GIS ISD ley Ge Bycinwe f ANAM Jl tim foq)= fb) teiy ai [5-4-2] 7 CHS 1, BD Guy Ce Ua GESTS Gey Ce Df OT im, f(x) = f(b) 2 ggily Le cits 15) [a,b] Madea 5 ith le 3 yainue F ANAM Slay + (@pb) Aa gibal 5 iN pte 5 pines Na 1 2B jay O89 a Cues CE Bp AN 2 ee fR-R w4+2, x22 f(x) = { B-x,x<2 OR gle bys DD GI ah f(2) = 2 +2=6 lim (2 + 2)=4+2-6-L, mor fim f(x) = { lim (8 - x)= 8-2-6=L, Sb = by & lim f(x) = 6 ©. fim f(x) = £2) K=2 seb pif,f(a) = a2 +2 lim f(x) = lim (2 + 2) = a +2 f(x) = f(a) X= a Me 5 yale Al) VX > 2b patene Uall f(a)-8-a fim # (x) = lim (8 - x) = 8 a “lim £ (x) = (a) X= a Me 5 pais A WX <2 5 pie Say x <2 aii x > 2 te x = 2 we 5 pe Ua R gd bye A, A] Hata 88 eo gatian POD = VT XP at gh cat 2d Ie lim Vi- x’ = lim Vi- x? =1= £(0) OY Alay x = 1 Ababa! fly Ge 5 paieue f Matt (2) lim v1- =0=f(1) POV dy x = 1 ARR) Ques Ge SB pcies f Ulati (3) limy1- x? =0= (1) [AA] Mates 5 iN pe 5 panes f ADNAN 39S Qa!AR RIED (5-2) 035 AS YP &£R-R @ 6-x , x21 w-{ 4x+1 ,x<1 X=-1,x= 1 se Ana 4) pied Soy f£R-R @ x? =4 xe? fm) - {i 3 xa? ayah ke x= 2 ae Ana Ayla Got f£R-R JR gle Ana) J pial Gad asi @ f(x) = |2x- 61 S-x ,x>T x= 1, x= 7-3, x= 3 aie Adal ay) ied Gos abe Ridaf(-l)-5. x= Laci asi @ dare, x2] 2x+b x<1© Gutuli jail! 3) Chapter 6 The Derivative até) aso ak + = Ail psig) dtl [6-1 ]* + Atal) le ail jb cbs [6-2 ]* » Abieal 26) 98 [6-3 ]* + ALudud) Suet [6-4 ]* + yalaall ple agaally piniall juleall Lakes [6-5 ]* + geil atiiy) [6-6 ]* Asal gi) cite [6-7 ]* Ayal M Adtat! gi jay! Cad) F(0= Lim Aetaxe iy f(x) Ha) Zia ds te jul dt = -0’s pail} g(t}=§ —— oe dui sy. dy dn dx dn dx dtuaded bet ay dy, dx dx dn ~ dn Clhall Cus 8 (fog) (x) = f(a(x)) f(x) , g(x) Da“125 - GAS g Jaatitt Glas GLEES! a pe Qala Gl (ob Racal GLESSY palo} AGT phy plus! pgan.y (patie Galan sles) ga diy Jalsil 5356 Gad gb gl By Ci gh SIGN Saply pLGa RE Cytnn ya SADLY” age Jacl Nia Slits The Derivative 4guG es Se ol Cpls MI Caley CALSGSYI Nagy gl) Jilin pally andi sss Giga Goad Jb Oe Hay gua ANN cl Gey eg) We Sy pla se Abba gay china habe le ileal GUDIE Ga 5 iB aay Jalil) any 95. Aine Lagily Gabi y Jalsitl Guy Aide tin oly | pS) Ha gh why Ch yall 5 acl y pabiall al Cease Gligles GoaE 6 Dall 1684 Aas gb lay Lay p25 gl jad SLAY! allel) aging ye lull gl (ABLAD gga gpa a ) panna Suny Yio aby NaN hie yg td cot RED Malay Ake A aie inal ally Goat Yt I) gt Halal spain BS od pan AS ay Get yl jb ' [> eee * (6 1) gan Aaa psig yuu [6-1 ] f Ua bi oe BK, y,) - a(x, y¥,) ot (b) 5 (a) gd ba) Gita Lh “Ab ost all gaa can gall oLaY! aa Ope Aagj aieey “ABn doaitill abn A A cd = an Ax x, "an Ay =y,-y,=bn m = ban =m = bme y= FOG) 6 YWAtOG) Ax =x, -x, x, =x, + Ax f0x.) fea) f(x, + Ax) FO) Tan @ = ab Js = Ax ce HE OS A x Cag gta Aid Ow LES LS (IL Sal) b AbK Ob Bat 1) Ax = 0 cha aD Gs GI as (fis fas fae pine oe f(x, + Ax) -f(0<,) $$ Bat Ugly Auta oa iad Slt Ax din 2 tly oa 3}+ Waal Gules!) (Slope) des ysl ula Ait aie Mia | J lll LI aay (6-3) IED pb LS. 53 5a) ob ula agg Ge iis (6-3) dss os 1) f(x) <8 + Sx +3 Ht Lessee F (2) a : all (2+ A x) -£(2) Ax (2+ A xp +5 (2+ Ax)+3 -17 Ax 444 A xt (Ax PH10 +5 A x14 Ax 9Ax+(Ax)Ax (9+ Ax) ef(2) = Lim ———__ -9 - Ax ee f(x) = x 2-3 + ail pascal FL) 2 ae f(1+Ax)- f(1) Ax VIFAx+3- 2 Ax JV a4rdx - 2 JV4rAx +2, x Ax VJ 4+Ax +2 4+Ax - 4 Ax ( Ja ¥Axr 2) 1 ee (daa pastel f(x) x 70 Fo) @ SL x t= Uy f(x +x) f(x) ° Ax3x - 3 (K+Ax) x(x +Ax) Ax 3x - 3x - 3Ax ———-« X (K+AX) 2. fog = Lim ( ono Festal le Auld clink [6-2] S (t) = P (t) = As andy dye oe aul = dal jy! (Displacement) V (t) =(Velocity)4e aut g (t) =(Acceleration) Jusxi) deals atic S(t) a Na ON a P(t) “at “at vit) dain fe pul pre Asal dn ce tA ea att) is all = aly de Saget) = he pull isSect Lh pies bd le at a S= p(t) = 30+ 5t+8 1 iy il ph aS TM peg Zo a a AG t Gaslly NY HI P(t) Cos p(t At) -p(t) Vit) = p(t) = Lim ae At B(t+HAty +5(t+At)+8 - (38 + St +8) At 3 +6tAt+3 (At)+ Ste SAt+8- 3 - St-8 At At (6t + 3At+ 5) ——————-6t +5 We Snide pan At V(t) = 3 12+ 50: Sy gt te SUT pace Mee v(t) oS = AS pat Lay Oe A 3 lg GA pall de pe she = Jost Laie de yall oo @ 3 dal v (3) = 3(3)? ~ 12 (3) + 50 °® =27- 36+ 50 HAL Gf a dsl ASS Ags Be; | to Ax v (t+ st) -v(t) a 3 (tt st) - 12 (t+ st) + 50 - (3t - 12t + 0) at Gt At #3(aty-12at at = Lim (6t+3.t- 12) = 6t-12=0 t26 v(2) = 3 (2)? - 12 (2) +50 = 12 - 24 +50 | = 38 > jie = densi Lane de pul Sars (X,) alu) oS) 131 x, sie (Differentiable Function) statu AEA) Jl X= X, ae GAD ANG Aa yg x= x, ae pinta ang Cubes tay |) Usa! = Uglle walic auas Gye GUD ALG Gs 13) GLAD ALLE all Gy 9Sig Asi) we Latico AL (x) Ua: cy al) ley | Say Bea we GLENN ALT (x) 2 OUI Gla 20 Gat 13) x,< (a,b) [a,b] 25 pois Ana (1) f(x, +Ax) -f fer) 5) : ) Aa) Basase Syi (2) im ao 2 AGN SISAY) gh LS y Ma ld Stall atl) Oe GREY ALU Ae hayale. Ni (a) ssa (b) gsc y y (c) gsc (d) Ssh rode! day WI SISEYI Gb gill pany Gules cols Sale Cilla os gat Ys 5 paeus UY GURU 4118 Atal : (a) JSS + Caleall j gaa og ily Abas Ay gb Bola Mile aga) dual! aie Gls AY we Adal) -(p) Jee AUS) tag A pb x = O sie Galea) GY pineal aie glo ALLE ye Aa 2(c) Joe 2 Ad pe 8 Shale ya glee X= 0 te byes 4S GN peall ale Glico ALE 4b Aal) «(q) Js e> os f:R—-R x43 xs] casi wo { 2x +2 x > 1 ais X= 1 aie 5 pains YQ att FAA hl baa IG $ AB on GEA ALG FI B® + dal) y= f(x) 2 3 @® x y 4 3 4(1) sie 5 jainwe f Ain yy f(1) = 1243-4 n (G43) <4 = Ly (2x12) = 4 ili, x> 1 bas 2a +Ax)+2-(2a+2) #16) iy ——— 2a+2Ax+2-2a-2 Ax 2Ax ; = Lim =f (a) =2 , X= a se glibu aya (Vx > Lglienu Aue an) Vx > 1 lado 46 da Vx>1,Vx<1 ,x=1 se Geof wy » GU ALG ee f:R-R 43 KE 2 cals |i) f(x) = { 4x- 1 x <2 ais a X-2 ve Gio A I a@ $x #2 se 5 pine US L@®£2 +Ax) -£(2) Ax Ax 444 Ax+(Ax)2+3-7 : X= 2 ae GlicU aus aa oh Banas Ugild Ab aio GALES ALAS Atal) CaS NSN) x = 2 aie 5 pein Aa, (Asin a gM SD GA LS mee oe Catal oSf:R—-R f(x) =1x-3] X= 3 sei pie Ul Ye Oe ® Px=3 ae Gai d® da x-3 6 x23 w-{ 3x 6 x <3 £(3)= 3-3-0 Lim (x-3) = 3-3 = 0-1, Lim f(x) Lim (3-x) = 3-3 -O-1, eoly=k, © Lim f(x) = 0 Sasage im f(x) = £(3) X= 3 aie byes Aa (3 +Ax) -£(3) F@)> im x x 3+Ax -3 -0 im ——_____3-(3+Ax) -0 wlth, x=3 ais GU ALG 2 Ur + Me Cash Uglies (lg Ay) Ae jaall Lia) Sep Cuslal Gulla Gye 3 Miiall gb Aasdieuall 5 gal) Y-f(Qx) ow oe dy d y= F(x) =—— = —— _(F%)) = Age Maes dx ax vim CCS) = culeall dee «ABE ge (x,y) Abdi i aie Ada intlAida) 2) 4 [6-3] 1. a8 aa f(e)=e ee gs dy f0)-0 08 -0 dal dx f(x) = 5 > f(x) <0 fe) [2 = fix) = 0 2 os WER, XE RIO} com f(x) = nx gl @ -« vfQ)=6x5 @tw-xF 34 fg =e Qa Vo a(n)-n> <. g(n)= oe FCER allsy x aie gl ALG gn hg f Ge US ISIN) f(x) = og (x) f(x) = g (x) f(x) = g(x)+ h(x), f(x) = g(x) +h (x h 10 2x 1 = — ) ( 50 9 x 1 = 10( + 25 9 an f (x) = g(x) - h(x) F(x) = g(x) h(x) + h(x) g(x) AN) ANN Maske x ANN ADA 4 AVN Aa die GAG! Aa) = Gps Saale Mitaf(x) = (3-2x- x5) (2x745) f(x) = (3-2x x5) (14x°)+ (2x? +5) (-2 -5x*) 9(x) f(x) = at he) +0 h(x) 9(%)-9(%) h(x) ior ys lal aide > Laut) — Laue!) Aaa > alia! ‘(eas 243K +1 f(x) = 45 (02+5)(2x+3)-(22+3x+1)(2x) f(x) = gorse aq f(x+Ax) - F (x) (F 9) = Lim: —————_ dx Ax Sealy Ug Sass X coll Aueaily F ADM AN dal pad Baga ga Ayla) ode cals 13) y q = (Ff) )a a)- a(x) - 2 ax d (ujpenurt du dx dx x=2 a6 y,yasy=(I-x? gist) dal y= (I-x)? y= 3(I-x)P (-1) y = -3 (1-x)* -3(1-2)'=-3 y=6(1-2)= -6RL (6-1) cadet AS SE @ f(1) ap ae ea ladies f(x)a3x? + 4x 12@® + Uptbiny Lat oo fla gus! aa 9 (x)= 1X @ FQ)dad pee xe tae ty 21 @® x -1 1 Mgalal gl pb le Ra Jlyall Ga JS GURY) My J) pata VQ fix) = { eet x <2 gsi @ Tx x>2 gsi x=2 se x 2-1 gsi @ x<-1 gsi x=-1 ac ab ¢ Ra@ x21 gsi x<1 gsid xe] Me GlicDU ALG cals |f:R-R f(x) =| 2x-6] ok=3 ais gla ALG a Ga we Upakal spall sant) 61) aly Law US til Aa) ap Maced! sel gb pladiod @ f(x) = 3x2 + Sx +8 x=] ae @iw - «fen x=-] ae x43 ew (= zy x=0 ae eH : @r~ - woe x= -1 ae =1 se ysy my y= 3x45Chain Rule Adal! 51618 [6-4] y= f(n) nas gsc AGF n=g(x) x ae Glitcou dig dn n=4x +3 5 y= 3m? +5 ga ds gis 1) dy dx = 6n (4) =24n = 4x+3 vo = 24 (4x43) = 96x + 72 y =3nP+5 ob nm Aab oe Gags: i a = y= 3 (4x +3) +52. § = 6(4x+3)(4) dy T= 24 (4x43 ) = 96x+72 2. yef(n) nse auc AUG F X= g(n) nm aie GliLDU ALAS g dy dy dx dx dn dnee gsi y=5n+4 x= 3ntl n=] lacee yen?+3n42 sii) n= 2x41 x= 2 lsc dy dn a dx dn dx = (2n+3 ) (2) = 4n+6 oon = 2xt] dy ST ARK +1) +6 = 8x +4 +6 = 8x +10 x=2 ac dy “, —— = 16 +10 = 26 dx 3. X xe GUE AL Lents g(x) « f(x) cas 13) (fog)(x) = f((%)) vel (fog)(x) = f(a) 900) royLalaal) gle od gaally piniall Gulea!! Uses [6-5] asi (x.y, ) Aaa Ly =F) Py, Ae deaal Ua Gax, Lyd Ga = ALB A is Galaall ua ne aan gil Ada Gb x, X=2 aie f(x) = (3-x2) 4 intel Gala Ales ay f (2) = (3-4) 4=1 2. 2,1) Absa fe) = 4 (3 -x)§ (-2x) (2) = 4 (3-4) (-4) =4(-1)) (-4) = 16 Gules Ss 16x - 32=y-1 16x -y - 32+1=0 16x -y- 31-0f(1) = Q-1)8=1 (1,1) katt dts f(x) = 5 (2x -1)* (2) Madi ol gh aaa de = 10 (2-1)! f(1) = 10 (2-1)! = 10 Wha 5 ulead Jue osha x-1 10x -10 = y-1 10x -y-9 =0 = 10y -10 = -x +1 x+10y-10=1 LOy +x-11=0 saul Ales ee X= Lae (x) = (2X1) pinball Guleall le spanlly Guleal) sles ap, dalo> SIN XL ae y =(fog)(x) ANaN giniat Galant! Atsles ae f(x) = x g(x) = 3x+5 (fog ) (x) = F [9(x)] = Ns Y= Bx x=1 Lac y= VRS =2 3 (1,2) oda aa 1 3 (Fo) (x) = (3x+5) (fog) (x) = Bes ir x3 . 1 a (fog) (1) = G- (24) 3 x3 x-4y #7 =O Galea! AsterImplicit Differentiation gia) GLY) [6-6] pA X cpa s Aaya Nall G) ld 6 y= f(x) gi x Gb Slee Uy Oss Gee y = QU ally y Lely Sal + Wa coagl Gag Sula Males 22+ y? = 25 y= 25-% ost (6-6) Js y-3V 25-8 3(6-7) JSa0) gh LS (plo) 5 lal Cina iy A Gaagl y= V 25- x? Law) gb y (6-7 jus s 37x 2(6-8) SSA JR) 3 lal) Gna Ji pas y= -J/25-x alisy h + GeBdlall Ga sly y=-JV25-8 y= 25-8 [-5,5] = Uylles Os chy or SS Sly Aa Gas Y LAL Ls Gell g x? ty? =25 ADL Gad quill LS La gi vue aa ys - J25-e8 2 y= 25-# yr f(x) gSd Abad dite slaysx2 + (f(x)) = 25 2x +2 (f(x) f(x) =0 - dy ffx) = 9) fx) = dx dy 22x + 2y =0 @> exe y= Ty x stil dy dxee (-3 5 4) Abahan aie x Hy? = 25 Ugalales Ga 5 hall Gulaad) Ulates a : Jal) 3x +9 = dy -16 3x - dy +25=0 ee road xe +y=10 gia dal1 ee P(t) = B= 2b ates Sabla Lady asin bd gle Dot ae wea = ans Lace Be pall a6 oy aj LOGY LAL MI p(t) Ca 1 p (t)=— (9) #- 4t+3 dow 3 P(t) =2 t- 4 daaei 2t- 4-0 t-2-0 t=2 P(2)=4-8+3=-1 6 jue = Suneill Leste he pal @e> v(t) = 3P-6t+9 aie bd le at ade aw v(t) os - Bt? Leste de a o@® + she = Gina) Lusie de pat! og @ 3 Jal (2) ~ 3(2) - 6(2)+9 = 12-1249 =9 Glau V(1) = 3-649 = 6 Ufa pine = Japa) Lasie Ze jut)ZORELE (6-2) ots AS Qs) = (142x245x)3? POS 31 f(x) = 2x (Gof) (0) : as @y - +3n-5 n= 2x+1 @y = ans3n-7 gs 19 n= 2x41 a Angas « @y - 3rsania x= 8nt5 n=] lac @ vy2t40e-7%-2y gsi dy x @ wive'=2 ash dy (1 1)aie x s-lagahP(t)=24t2— EF SoU Gy asians BS le ty a @ AstIL Gag! te JAG dal jy) p(t ) dye + ASD oa G42 ay put do @® she = deat) Lic Asi 1 a @ Cy inne BS lo ay pean oye rE fas v(t) oS @ v(t)=t-t24+5 VW ae 8 = Caged Lente de pal ap Ao Gai wld tee @ x=-L lac f(x) = (ed fixyex-e rs @® 9(x) =V2x+1 ee ue x = 4 aie (fog)(x) piniall julaall Auten ap yr 2 se xy -Sey-15 Gad Gld Ghia @Dervetive of the Circlar funtions 4, i.) J) sa) clés [6-7] bake a sic f Mall yy) Adc g) lhl Lie f(a) = lim eran fla) Ax 5 Cl iy Ba hand Sy dx (sin x)- cos x f(x+ Ax) - f (x) Fo) =m, Ax tim Sin+ A x) - sin x Ax sin x cos A x +cos x sin A x - = lim . ax-0 | AX -sin x (1-cos_A x) +cos x sin Ax = lim oxo Ax 1-cos Ax Ax sin Ax Ax =~ sin x lim + cos x lim x0 Axo =- sin x.0 + cosx.1 = cos x Sin X she a COS x.y Gu Lin tan x 98 a Ub tangent cot x sa Us ih cotangent sec x yusl8 secant eS x 44 yu li cosecantf(x) = cos x f(x) = - sin x f(x) = cos x = sin( I f(x) = cos ( f(x) = -sin x + Ob e Go arbi 5 89) 46) sill — (sin y ) = cos y —— dx d LL sin 5x = cos 5x. 5 eC > a elo x|< d ay — cos y = ~ sin mo 5 F d _ x 1 7 — cos x/2 = - sin ——. — @e> dx 2 2 d rs (tan y) = sec? yY ‘ax : d imewcen QE dx “ a 2 — cot y = - esc’ i y ¥ d — cot 8x = - ese? 8x. (8 ee < cot 8x = — ese? 8x (8) > — sec y = sec y tany dx dx d — sec 4x = sec 4x tan 4x . (4) ee m « @&> 59x d — ose 5x = -ese 5x cot 5x. 5 ee dx f(x) = sin (7x+4x+1 ) f(x): as f(x) = cos (7x2+4x+1)(14x+4) = (14x+4)cos (7x+4x+1) f(x) = sin 3x =sinx > . 2 1. f(x) = cos x3 . 1/3xT =—— xT cos '[x 3 cos Tx 3 x f(x) = cos? 7x f(x) = (cos 7x)? f(x) = 3 (cos 7x)? (- sin 7x . 7) = = 21 cos? 7x sin 7xf(x) = cos 3x - tan 5x + sec 4x f(x) = -3 sin 3x ~ 5 sec? 5x + 4 sec 4x tan 4x f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x Ua x = 0 se (ulead Aisles op f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x : dal {(0) = 3 sin0+4cos0=0+4x1=4 (0,4) etal bat f (x) =3 cos x - 4 sinx £(0) = 3cos0~4sin0 =3-0=3 Glide yy, 3x-y-4 3x-y+4=0 Galea de f(x) = (sec 5x )* f(x) f(x) = (sec 5x)? f (x) = 3 (sec 5x)? (sec 5x tan 5x . 5) = 15 sec? 5x tan 5xee JEL Aa jv! p(t Jews p(t) = 3cos 2t SsclWll Labs aida Ld ple ats aaa ote ae dapat oy t= 0 Leas He al ap Igy Gail : Jal P(t) = -3 sin 2t.2 = -6 sin 2t P(0) = -6 sin0=Om/sec t= 0 base de ut P(t) = -6 cos 2t .2 = -12 cos 2t . 1 p (—) = -12 cos — = -12 x — =-6 : ( ; ) 3 2 m/sec a ee @ y-sin(s- x) @ v- muna ® @ y-xsec x? @ y-sin 3x cos 3x 3 [cot 4x @ y-cse! (x? + 1) dy as sinny® = 4x -3y as @ dx 1 max ~ —— sin? ax |= a cos ax 32 -cosx 4sin x 2+ cosx (2 + cos x)? y:a@ ‘ y=cosx - sin* x f(x) = sin 2x +sinx — jsiall Glad dd oe @ T 2 P(t) = sin 2t- cos 2t sci Lib ais bd le Mat oa @® slg Gag tea GLY p(t) cas tH TT 4 Lasts Atay ie ps penal) oy Ge SS Sas piles BS le yale pau dee SE / ae (t) SI ® tT t v(t) = 4sin mT + 8cos 4 4 ta 1 Lasic hennills de pull anGull dual) o Chapter 7 Space Geometry ( 4aupu!) ) 4utandl) dusigt) ae Aas) ihe [7-1] eLcail) ob Questions Guy Aidte! [7-2] 6 Sons pation Cos AD [7-2-1] eLiail) Gb cy gious Oy Aibtad) [7-2-2] (1) 484 17-3] 4a [7-3-1] (2) 4a jus [7-4] (3) Sse [7-5] (4) 40s je 17-6] 4a [7-6-1] a ginwall g Ciba) sales [ 7-7] (5) 4844 17-8] 4a [7-8-1] (Sd sascy) ) (6) Sia pas [7-9] 4a [7-9-1]Space Geometry ( 4aupall ) Aslaadl) Ausigt get TTL FAB 4 ay Sa aaa AN a Ay gad Rati GB cae Ge AB aidineall debi le Ayal AB jah asia et ep th ge ayn [ABl[sa09° easy Cath yg) ale St gt) ges plane gp giwall pea pusis Glbwee Qu jaias Kalu. Saale) Glau. Sa cla) Jie le adie!) GN) LL quan Gil aiding Legiy seseeee «all 5S Gala shins Square gy Triangle ctks Jb gle Stars dilgs Gas Os spn 8s (Trapezoid Li ais 44% .Parallelogram £52) ¢ j) sia Rectangle ABW SEN) ALES Y gh X cg ginal (dy (Y) ol (X) Ab Sang ee Circle 53 | 0m Sm aay Ses LS sly siaee Ys say Gol (lime ) aidinually ( point ) Ait cyy Aidt eras 2 fis Glapall (cn 6 ge All Ba gaall ¢ UULudd « Ago) Agia sjgaills Yaaele Lis Faaaigly aad Yael ye oly Elaill Ga ius Gey obey) ADU ld Ayers VLSI Sis Gay = LAA Ugegay Gil) Gly gieall s Glave g Li Gyyy ABDbAN “Ga pat gill Cag AlandTARY) Qua) ge du (oy) sal Bay A Waity ys A cna eA, B oshiity yo i clatiaat QD A Habits sat casa ~@ eB GA cote yo a cy gia QD HOS) Atay) ge Glau ay Jai) Bay A Aaa ys a Gly gieaad ) D AB pubis i il cy ginal 53) QD HAY) Aluay) ge Lou Gm) (sa Bay Ni Abit ay Lge 53) QD N Abit sy gies 5 AWN gait yu legion 5 BA, N BBM, ja gies 5) aly sieae cob al BE ga) 5) 166coi Lang bald Saas Aba Gls dy Gill : Interses = s Gat pane Lee 2 Ady) bbe [7-1] « Wasay ay sina tay Cw gie Gustin JSS relaaill B Qaaiiiiee Guy Aidlel [7-2] g Lines clabiiia) Glatina @ aly siuse aay Sines cod Lat Abie Ay Us fads al 15) + parallel lines L5) sia) clukioell e /Lag og!) aaly sie Lagging ob GSa ¥ G/N: skew lines Glia) Gladinal e ( Gand) sie Fg Gonblile 2 rhLti Codllite AB , DH Hino sleet JS Ge Atal) Gbatinaall Ga chy) ADE SID Ay 3) gall cainaall G4 hy) EB si @ abla Glaiieall on gly) DESI @ +g ginang pihines wy Addtall [7-2-1] AB gine AS gf Akt Ly Ane iy A) sg shea g jlpall pstiana @ =~ AB // (X) ABN X= 2 “ABC (x) BE Saal y Abdi dee A tI sg ginal eb wa @ a BBA %)={C}eLdail) 3 cys ginwe Gus Aadka! [7-2-2] Ma UY Way ND: Che he ® (Xa (Y= 2 OM 11 (Y) Waid ashy pubes LS Sd) 1s Glablial) Gly ginuall e| )n (Y)- AB 8 As focal) BGI Qa og gy pions By GS dy Lagild Aba) GL ginal AL 13) 4) Beds Legals Gob os gine C585 ( QbUEI pyisue) pamery Cutblitiall Gy ginwall Coeqi pad Las Lage say ABB AN) Gye Uy Lets La) og shea Clyne GIG I® AB” // oo ys BB oc ° ec i 2 AY ghey Cap Tse Guess aa! gh gil g seal @® ae AA / / ‘a // cD EA) ae AB . F A(X) eau CD / / ” vo ve AY gy to) fg ginal atid ols It 1@ & //(%) AB (x) AB //(Y) ' A | Lepasinan os gig LS 9) Lagat cigla o6 8 Aah} gal Lgl Lela i191 @ “ac // DF ‘BD// ES om tre ee — OA, OB, OC, OD, OE,...c (xX), Lt (x) “LL OX, OB, OCOD, OF. ... rosa asians le age G9 Labi ALE! Gy Gablie Galileo gape! pal @ A A BC. BD c (x) AB BE. BD BBL (X) toss wg Si Ne gage pla OFS GS Eley DUI bya gag |(nae Fae ae a pin cy Lage a on @} oy oy eS (X) sc ¢ (X JL abe TLL (X)eges © Abit Ga yap Lhe ay lee an ore 8 040 gs oT as ' Ae KBr (X) = {0} (%) pase 42 AB (0) oe SA 9. —_ —— — ——eeesesessssSsSesSSSSab Ladle gi Ale SU GIS 13) (X) Ge Gaur 4b AB Us [pie ee DAD ap By a a Fa pa GJ OB 5 Lg steal ce Angie ALi an] pstead (| CA A (X) ge A deat ey 2 AB (X) 9 A Absit ca itive aati gay 5 Lage Basmals cap sTge Cae staae le Lagan Layaal Zaki J gl iy Loassl gia Cus Oxy al] Abad HE aN ge Oy phew Our dal (X) // (1) AB-L (x), AB L(Y) ols 3) (Y) « (X) cy aa) diy AB. {ggAB 1 (Xx) AB 1 (Y) “POI (Y)| Theorem :(5) 4is js [7-8] EDAX) = {D} (488) eles Olga Guanes asl aby gdp gisel) BE. BF KG mee BEBE P terssses DH // BF “.m < ABE = m< CDG Al Hag) 5 gales Ay glj tebe os 3hy 1) m < ABF = m< CDH (Labl sine cs Slgig Legal glaci TAB L (x) (eu) TAB BE “BF Bs Lge C9 see te aga) (gg seal) GS Gai 08h Ga Lagu Glaaal .. m < ABE = m < CDG = 90° m < ABF = m < CDH = 90° “CD 1 (%) Laghll A Go Gable Cuasian le gga pineal) (tea sinus le Laser Oss pa war) pd }4g [7-8-1] ‘AB CD 1 (x) AB // cD ED FAB os ot of sls DEAR me De (X) (Aad) path YALE Ge SY jl ge ny aultinns ary Se) REL) (bs) DE 1 (X) 98) CupsT she Cypaiinne dal gle galgaall og saall) (oad) Ge Lager CD 1 (K) (bu) Sas yb Nag (X) le Gutgat uasions aya D Aad Os Cul (ashes siae le agate uns auiinee aury (Sey La gles Udi G2)Theorem (6) 4isj.«[7-9] oie ge gage Laka! aan gh oh Mak Goa py 1 SAD Sac) HE Ge A A ous Jal ined g gia GA ples alten te gape Sy patel astinwall le Lagat C98) Ceplinnall DDG Abas og ginuall (Ne agent! pineal seg Senna ob Be (X), CD c (x), AB 1 (X), BE1 CD VNeAB > NE. CD 2435) Qs gllaall 7 (g28 80) BECO as B aed ge ple ysl © BDC (X) yas ="BF c (x) Lasanl gs gay gill og sheaalld claitines 315513) _ (\eesiog AV on thity “BE 1 CD (bu) SBF BE Coane sa! He aganll pidineall sal gl gs ginuall ud) _ (AY! le Lapse O98 Ow iiss RB OY) (bs) NE BF ee Lape Gy sits le aga pina! ) (og Sal) US Gade o i cya Ha gan yall lasdinuall = BF 1. (NBE) Meas Ga able Quesinas le ga gantl asitaall) — (Lage sinus (gle La gee GS Lagabli “CD 1 (NBE) C9 Conse Coasinns aa! Glo ga gang ginuall) (AY te Lage TEN Co eee oe Lape Osh sis le peed pineal) (cg siamall 3 aca — , << ‘ CD pe ba gee yg) E Absa AB BG cys Aba A) Jey aioe Js old Nay a-aes (gyAD bse) (6) ia je Aa SHE AT g shea le gapee Lense! Gletines p glee shee ll pay A Ge pu 13) pene Ge bagee Gs Capello Bl Ow deel sl allel og sie GB ples aides le a og Sineall coh p.gleall Ww, a Ag (X), CD c (xX), AB 1 (X), AE 1 CD — — BE | CD NB LCD wi Babi os BEL CDs lsy (A pA YAR Goa pplee pufiine (gle ung agat pilus pu) Sai) BBL %) (bu) TAN LCD (mun suse! Lis) REL ED (ty STAN = BE (4 at 9 ABS cya pales alias He any apa pines ay Ss)ZORA iisias ithe AS IE AC = CD, Sua, Siial e sinus Gb cooad AREA, BS A539 BCD A ® ABD cilia ¢ sius gle yagee BC oj os» AB - BD B 24950 lA BCD Sta A¢ (BCD) , AB=BD , AC-CD “BC 1 (ABD ) :45L) lls BCD , ABC giitial =a jal) AB=BD (bu) AC =CD PBC tits (G2 28g shat) Ba Gly m < CBD = m < ABC = 90° “BC | BD” (m < BCD = 90°) ss BC | AB_ (m < ABC = 90°) ola iu ©. BC 1 (ABD)FAC cS hye Sad ge ginua 1 CD au Sad ie C dha Abdi Ga 5 sls Gb ht AB® (BCD) gs sisal le ga gac Slag gies le agac CD Sal) le Abb C «5 yila bd AB ile!) "AC 1 (BCD) :43L8) A glial (2) 0 sy 5a hh, ABS SMS ACB = 90° (4ai8 5 ha ed Gina gb Ae ger pall Aglagaall Ay gl jl) “AC 1 BC CD 1 (ABC) ot g! (4) “ACL CD” geen cle see G96) sinus le gyal adil) (og seal A ae 08h Gs da ge yall Gestion ‘AC | (BCD) ALB 92 able Guat le (ca gan psinuall) (Lag ginws ire La yar Gs) Lagalalis poateGietia N Abit) CE Geils D dk AE 1 (ABC) , Bi 4y)3) ati ABC AL @ E AB LOND dye cay AB GetisN CE GeteD AE L (ABC) , B34) 3 ald dite ABC : cilsbeall “AB ‘AB ND: 431.8) Gollaall AC Guetta M gS: Gus ll “CE Lisette D (chu) AB Geis N MD //AE he alee (patie yy Geel ll gnu) dak ) MN // BC. (C08 qhaad 53) “AE 1 (ABC) (204) “MDL (ABC) (AY He Lagat G9 Cuil she Cpaitions aa! le gaganll g ghuall) SB (gin) Aa yas > ABL BC 90° cyplalie Cpasiions Gop Lay) 5 Gold cls 15) (crate canto cit “MN. AB Cos) sa Cpminne sa 16 ggasi psliaall) MD 1 (ABC), MN 1 AB , AB c (ABC) -, AB 1 ND (ADEN Suse y) Ain a) proms 7 {gyRELA (7-2) 2s AS SS BC =3cm ,AB=dem, B (3453! ald ets ABC / 1 (AD Jsh as CD = 12cm cus, CD 1 (ABC) aus OI SAY Cunlalitia Cousins ole Cyan gan) Cpasinnall G) gle Gay /2. AB -I0cm * BD =5em + BD 1 (ABC), m) ABN) Ae pane Gye Ai 9S Chey Gol ye EOE Gye Ose 2 jay aHe aS {1,2,5,.7,8,9} fala = 72 coe 1581 @ Toe ot LI® dal coe LEI ® 6 = Js) a olla! se 6 = a Bg ot Las! ase 6 = SID BN ol LSS! ase 216 = 6 * 6 * 6 = sey) axe Coe ot I ® 6 = Jai) ab) Ol uaa! sae S = At) AB oe) ae 4m Nan 48 ol Usa! ase 120 = 4% 5 * 6 = sed) aseee 2 AAW) lade 45,985 Se (40) coe seals ueds Ga 98s 9 jay 22 aS {1,2,3,4, 5} Audi aan A epee ab LG @® Andi aie ic gee DIS ® Zope A oiarae @ 5 = aay) aby GILG) aa 15 =5 * 3 = dy) se 3 = Cl pall ab) GI Laa! ase s ee 4 = slay) aby GI LSS) ase 12=3%4 = ded) ae ABN Oe A 9S Se 500 Ge Sls Col DE Gye 9 jay ase 0S {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} come st LG @® co ot dt @® Bs] Jeo Bosse @ 7 = Sh ydal ob) LES ase 7 = slay) oy GILES ase 147 = 7x7x3 = aac) ae 3 = Glial) 8) CH LAS! sae 6 = A al) ab) OI LGSS ase S = slay By GLAS sae 90 = 5x6x3 = sacy) aesg neall jay [8-1-1] (1) oa (r) aa) Oa eg ga ago se) Gye Sa BES Oba A el ages Lay t= [nd es Si=5*x4x3%2*1-= 120 1 Abadle 2 Ol ke Gisl os ee YD! 36 813 (7-1)! (M+ 1t 3g | (MFM (N= 1)! _ 59 (n-1)! (n-1)! (n+ 1)n=30 n+n-30=0 (n- 5) (n+ 6)-0 rt Ge ae OS Oe OF dag on=5 , n= -6¢(n) dug dnt = 5040 gis 13) + all nt = 5040 5040 oMb=7%6x5x4x3x2%1 5040 2520 840 210 42 7 ni=7! wna 7 (permutation) J:.13)[8-2] «gee SRL o) bk) eleda odgt uns Aly Gee Cuts Gb elec Goa (M) aay pana Gast jays (F) Ade Spal (m) Quast | ig (pL) ode pl ip(n.r) JALAN Gail f [8-2-1] @P° =p. -n(n-1)(n- 2)....(9- r+) recone @pP°.-n:=n(n-1)(n- 2) oo e.-2 @r’,-1___ 8! _ 8x7x6%5! SE = 336 (CGM cys uaa) = tg LAS Jy¥l Cig) Guuua Ul Jas Gan P,° = 8*7%6 = 336 P= 4x3x2x1 = 24 (git Gl) Gua) Py* uel : dal EM gH) uae Al eas OSes ee Bye JS GB Cul Ugie 5a gL a oe I Giga Jalal ase ap + dal!See Kaa gh Ad pak JS cay 5 SLE itl (4) ple Gold! (4) a5 Gob ae SOAS gs Ayslecie 2 gall A cage Sane ppl Lad O) is GA Gall Lae Os He gene Oy Hk oS: © selhe ee Ay pine Gia dal pf = 4x3x2x1 = 24 Ghd ase B,7 = 7! = 7x6* 5x4x3%2x1 = 5040 Guhl ae P,P = 90 S131 (n) Ag a. : dal p,"= 90 n(n-1) = 90 ne-n-90-0 (n- 10)(n + 9) =0 Sn=10,n=-9 dapCombination 4.5 si) [8-3] PM Gi yacey Yedany J YAS BA gle SLAY) 0 Ae gare ye Leng Say Ae gare JS gh Vel Jans nts ce Crm) C(n,r) G8 os 8 [8-3-1] 4 Oc -10 SS CsA as 8x 7x6 @°'-z - $ Get (6) Oe ass Oke LDL Hin! os dal Ss dadb Adil (5) Ja cosllaal) tial (8) ge Gleb dale glaisd Altai sae Gls 13) 8 Uae ose dik 8% 7x6x5*4 al Co Saad 7 56Scans (5) 5 Stay (7) Cie Oe Cannes Slay ADE Qa iad G8! oSe) diy jb ass dal Ge Os Cabal SUES Sag C7 ese Gly Ula dame Gy Ge dln WOE LAS ody 7x6%5 gxghte Ga Mall 88! od C, ase Goby Shans Aeaed ey x 0g- Po x SA 350 3 2 Cc,” cs Gok ase La bee GS (4) Ade Cope plow GIS (6) 9 61am GS (10) ab Gas $ gl Gud Oa panel GD ad OS ida 10x9x8x7 6*5x4x3, play ral baat * faa + 0 4 C0465 = =- = 3 210+ 15 = 225 Goel ae 4 0oe CC," = 55 Gls 13 (n) dnb ae ida) n(n-1) 21 n (n-1) 2 = 55 n (n=l) = 110 mw -n-110=0 (n- 11) (n+ 10) =0 = n=11, n= -10 dae (1) Wpalic sede gare Gye (Pr) LW policsscdie Gow Gyb ase [8-4] neN ,n> 1ersnde \ + gM Sel je cagy camel wie sey Esl) Gb Aula) Ae papell (oll ale uae Lise ISO) ples ELL aed ws Al ie He gene Gl og Al 9 ya SLY Gane A) Ail oh cries gah gay oneal 2 Aube HP all Alec Cea gy SY! dally (7) ape gang G0 (F) Mad Gee Sub sue Ele) ose Ea i Oe i ase eet UA ges Coe Goble PM Bae CH= base n= Gh ae (339.10.nl = 7B = 7x7x7 = 343 9x8x7 mre (712 C9 = c c, cy 3«2«1 PL’ = 7x6*5 = 210 Tx6x5, c= 3 BOK =35 = 84 wll arse eo® Easel as ell on @ Hi Sele par y Eloi on @ ida) sue @® gue @ aki @ Gu « @ORM (8-1) casts AS SE Asal IS Gas Gilad (3) E55 US Cay C1 Leal) Go Elis (5) a995 Cal ae 3 @ © anal Bol aa se LE Lee (4) apt {5,1,6.2,7,4,.8 } aBW) oe 53 s8le tle Gi Ge AS Se ae S@® = Anita gb ds Cpa JSD + Audi taal gb dy gees 2 LC® cake Gob 6 ap Gules ADE cues Uible yi (4) cules Spe le sins bs «dle aly date HID lle clues ditt le @ Seah Ups Md) Lanes a Gisllaal GIS y Alia (8) ge Le Saba Ghats Atta ase gts ID SAAN) Sey King ast sy! Ray) Lia) Ge is BE Gs of boty 058 ASNT] 28 (1) cue 0 One (6) Ge 5 lhl 5S G8 SY Gb we L® | [usa lel ys paes Ela 9 Ma (3) Ae gg sind Ot bay le Gall Aenad Gye Malye dig Lal oe Hah @® ills (6) 5 2Us (7) cs Oa Aah (2) att oe ot ai aal® AigtD 4 As Ua Yt Gay Y Chih! asl @ S13 (n) Led @® @rr-2 Sty-10 @x)-- AEN Go As Che 600 Ge aly ool ya ADE Ge se os ae ®D {5,3,6,2,7,9} ead sal go oo se eo Andi saad AB LS eo 1D ab) (5) G4 ose ejay se pSx={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9} I@® 8X pall a As Sy Aili 201... < pals ase oY bee A,={6} Sue AyH{1,2,3,4,5} Ar = cis) uit 32,5 yo Land La ae = A, (Impossible Event) Jssiws caus = A, oe AS={5,2} Se A ={6,5,3,2} A, = S o¥ (Sure Event) ss das A,={1,3,4,2,5,6} S Qe Abde dsl AA, BouS Ga Gua A oli Acs@ (Ao As Sap ¥ gid Seal) Jets Sa pat DS @ (( Lats iy )) Sipe Guus = diet plod @ (A Gaal g.siy pie 9) A sal! Jase) sal) ey Ar= S-A @ As = Complement Event ANB= 2 @ wp Cia pany aay pale Ge 9S gi Cas @ Ss aa pa AS) Canale On Os Gi a @ lbs, Lats 5, lgy) Liat pled olsy Qutalltte Cui a Oe AS yo as cals 13) (AAS ape deela) 8x5, = 46 ja A ail Lind Lad ®> (23 bas) fs.) * (8,)-m(5) @ @e> SPAS 0 AS yo Us Ayal 5 JAN 5 ye ai ae ol as dab 5 2 jae oli: + Ay So sda a3) a3) aa s, = (1,2,3,4,5,6} (Tail) T= aus . (Head) H = s,y2 Gus S, = (H.T} colt a aa s, = (1,2,3,4,5,6} (4S all Appa Lind sad dle) ss, xs, 8, old n(s) = n(s,) *n(s,) xn(s, ) 4S ja) 4p jailt dia clad polis ae typ DE ns) = 6 2x 6= 72 504. }ZOPRELAD (8-2) 138 A SE Ui) Ja oe Le @® + n(s) Mal slab patie se @ +S Hial slat is @ 29 shew SS Guvaall ony ule Cutan & pane Lad git Cua i @ She 95 6 Ae Lendl Jy Seal gees Ge Ona Egan Ad gil Gat I@® pall day ge ill aud Gina Jaa sal day le gd sual ad i Gant ccs @ a celle Lage OSs gh Gy EAM) Chae Gis Baayen ue @ 295 se eb on @ sidse yb ial @® Basly 50 ast ahd COU Cane Aad clad do (H) 5.52 div) ie say day dua a @ (1) dus tsi 6 1 @(Canitorm Spaces aliie plat Auda cYLdal gi lads Cua s Gu cus A gel ) Probability Ratio Jlaay) 4.05 [8-5] P= Jliay! sliaill palic ase / A polis se = A Sisal) Cogan Slats) daa P(A) = n(A) / 9 (8) 2 OVLaa Gal gd [8-5-1] S Oa cyte ALB Ga JS OS! Sa 0 aay Vasil Vie G) Slain! Apai ap aly God pis ee 21 coll 10 Os dade Gel 8 Be G55 (3) pe Lendl Suis ase 3} bing j ae > Jal 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20, 21} n(s) = 21-1041 = 12 We cay nA) =6 = basjlae dace A gel P(A) = n(A) /n(s) = 6/12 8G 694 3 pe Lendl) Quy all Gos Boost B = {12,15,18,21} P(B) = n(B) /n(s) = 4/12 ANB = {12,18 } = P(ANB) = e P(A U B) = P(A) +P(B) - P(ANB) = 6/12 +4/12 ~ 2/12 = 8/12 = 2/3 Bag Sie 12 5 pa) Gay cae day 35 Ula Ges Sed 20 5 Sha 60 pa al Be Gg Ob ladda aa Lil pie aay Gadd 58) AS pill oda Ga Jas vat in fags od Shel adel a@® : Jal (( das pases) Saar os @ n(s) = 60 + 20 = 80 P(A) = 60 / 80 = 3/4 (Aas oe yl Voda) Se B® P(B) = 8/ 80 = 1/10 207 -gag He Qutsnll gas gh OI lata! op Saaly Spe Cubicle ay gee Lad D cp AUN Gaga sl le Gutta € game 10 og glu dy alll : Jal) n(s) = 6* 6 = 36 10 = ce AUal Capa st ule Quis g pape a= A ot A= (5,5) , (4,6) . (6.4)} = n(A) =3 P(A) = n(A) /n(s) = 3 / 36 9 = cp ALB Gaga le Qual gyane: Gaal = B OG B = (4,5) , (5.4) . (3.6). (6.3) }} >n(B) -4 P(B) = 4/36 sal Any Ge ae 96 G) Slat) Le Saaly Sys ay laa! Ge Guble gae Lay 6 = Lage gare Cy AUB Suge sll glo Gussell gh JAY) Aah ple sual) inde 9h Gu yaail : dal AY) dagll (le sael) Gi Gy yall and g AUR dal ple sual! Gua) = A GS) A = (3,6) » (6,3) + (2.4) (4,2) . (1-2) » (2.1) n(A) = 6 P(A) = n(A) / n(s) = 6 / 36 6 = coal Ae Guan gana: ual! = B oS! B = {(3,3) , (2,4) , (4,2) . (1,5). (5.1)} P(B) =n(B) / n(s) = 5/ 36 AN B={(2, 4), (4,2) P(A 4 B) = 2/36 P(A UB) = PA) *F8) PIANB) 1 a “36°36 36 36 {agg“ppv wngs aan cis 0 a cansy ta puan ews MO” + Shalt Gilad gb lee Legale flat! dai aa % 70 ge claal ? dal Spal 8 sil Gill Clad lata! Aut P(A) oS P(A) = 0.90 tac dA) le Clas Jlcial Gaui (B) OS -.P(B) = 0.70 (AY) clay Jil ¥ Lana cla GY) culties Gta A, Boo) eal gl oe P(A 2 B) = P(A) x P(B) = 0.90 x 0.70 = 0.63 > el (3) Lane ol ead Gal al 3.6 elas Geld «play Galil 8 esas Gs * OW ad C0 Ay gana Gal BY) Jlaia) Anus ta Saal y 50 dal) \ n= 8+4+3 = 15 r=3 P-(Ch+ es + ¢,)/¢, = 61 455 > SM 6 5 DE B cw Ge aldal 5 Ge Lia! ons Ly Ua Os Gases Ain lata! Lao @ AMM cya ase Lindl Stata! Ku or @ : gall n(s) = C4 P(A )= tb Yyaes Hall Juda! dai at @ P(A) = C4 [C4 = 8x 7x6%5%4/14% 1312x1110 = iw POR )- Sth yas Liat! Sida! dei ot @ P(B) = C8 /C, = 6x5x4x3x2/144 1381211410 = 35 he)ORE (8-3) is AIF Cote ya Cala gee O89 36 26D Ga ANY Aide play cs CO gyi Gyahe @ Lais) ap Baal y 58 Cyne saat Ableis Gls gh cule 13) 2 0 1 SAA deaty clan IQ slay i IQ sys l rail staal co Guilele uae cue @ 6 Lage gene Cu pall Gussa) Jlaiai gale @® 11 Gyane 97 E sane se Jpaall dial wi @ AS 3 Gunes lata daa an cel yan dg rlaaw GIS 6 le Lage JS yp giny Gligaha @ nH) Ggsteald Gye ph yas 585 Cease CoS eng SI Gytheall Ge play Gast Y Aig Slate! ua ap Saaly Millay Cnr Sl 1 Ge Aad ys cll, 5 ed @ 3 ay BS Cae 20 os 1g Raha a pac gam od acl 38 20 Ge ysis os @ rap Baaly 9 gyn jae lass 59) Abend gi ase) JLl@® 25 cn eS) ase 580 dans (gD saat) Slate @ slat! Road ap Ghee Bane 21 oe Le he Ged 21 ne gyi dps @ hess ee ® gtd AW 25 IH @® Hi gaual) Ait gle asad Glial as 50... 1 G2 Ady Maly 50 Lt @ 5 ye katt Js @ TH 5 ge taut Js @ OS lain! Le ctl 4 Gil 12 Guy Galadl CO8 Ge Ot Kyril Hint Ls! I» @ gil Law hid aay th deat ho I@ 59 Ce AUAD cussed ¢ game GIS CI Ilia! Le Saal y Se Oley pao ce @ 11 gly ‘310.Binomial Theorem (yaa!) <1 4ia xs[ 8-6 ] NY (ath ) he Gute ood slate ool ig slog Le AY Gaol ga Gytal) Gd Lin pe slaps Lae base ANI lS 13) a yaall Saher ela) ost ot gl ull Lappe Lae ase my Guta Quase ab is 13) (atb p= C2 a+ Cami b+ Cr av? be +... Fe be 3 (a-by" = C," a" - Cam"! b + C9 at? bE... + 6" (“by ARS Vi) Lam ge GSW) sal gay Gilet (gle Aaa ga of Ales 965 el yShal) bia aga) adi + Ayan cls )3) Als Angin n+] = dysia apn ae (I = pSV) Sa alg Syl sol oul (2 T= sal RigSal) jpe th Gaul sane (3 OB coe edit fay at sot onl (4 11 ol) O cs a Fa SED aad al Asha agin ase Gb gog5 a2 1 Gls 1) (5 et Legit atl 45 gat os 2 AsShall agan ase Old gad aie n GIS 13) (6 CaaS Gusal Li GIS ga95 Os n+l ntl n+l nt3 ntl md.) pennies) 2 2 e a 2 (arb) es sy a+b)s= C." a5 + Cat b + C." a) b? +C." at) + C." a bt+C. "b> 0 1 2 3 4 = aS +5 atb + 10a b? +10 ab) + 5 a bt+bs (101)> 448 aps! (101)%= (14100) = 1+ €3 100 + C,3 (100)? +¢,3 (100) = 1+ 300 + 30 000 +1000 000 = 1030301 2 gd (a+b)" gsi ols 131 brett lal) sal 4 gid(ath )!° Syste 3 andl sal) ap P=c, at bot 2 dal Po= cl, ales pe __10x9%8*7 43x251 = 210 a b* Aadee an AE XIE Ad gi sal eg gins ( XP42/? J Sign) Aye P=c, arent bot : dal Peel, Gayort jaye x= G2) OCH = (22), (0"9) x = x85 S15 = 25-5r => Sr= 10 sr=2 PL= el, Gyre ape! P, = 10(x!8) (2/x3)= 20 x! PL Galas 20 o> (5x — App? Ji? Baia yf (X) Os J a tage YA cath saret pet :Jal) P= cP (Sx). (-dpey x0 = (x)20F (x) 262 x0 = 22ie 0 = 22-3r + r= 22/3 rez’ X Ga JB as day dT -.( 3x/2 ~ 2/3% J? psi cules! Quint Say) 2 Lad cla gl) Gutall Lady: all Gaslilly Qi Lad Glau g¥) lanl ac amet br P,= 07, (3x/2)* (-2/3x) . __7x6%5 sue see 3x2s1 Te Pl=e7, (3x/2)* (-2/3x)* _ _7*6%x5*4 (2 ) ( 16 )- 70 8ixt 4x3x2x1 3x X Aah ay 8/27 og shea (14x)! hyde Gb platy gual! Qusall ap Aull) cus 13) Pi=c’, ame bot dal Po=c?, xt P,-6%, wae, oP, xt/e2, x= 8/27 12*11*10*9 | 3x21 _ 8 4x3%2x1 12«11*10 x 27 Q[dxS = 8/27 = x5 = 9x27/4x8 = x= =Sahat agatha 0b 5 pee aaa ool (24% J+ (2-K ) lahat paid! (2403) (2-03) :dall (299) + 29g Aya agua in (24%)! dye = 2 [P,+P,+P] = 2 [24404 (2)%(x)4] = 2 [16+24x2+x4] x=V3 wa = 2 [16+24x3+9] = 2 x97 = 194 , , @&> Aah anal ob (+ SO vr & aa ais! @ y-a>) 1 (sa) 0 : Vip nga) sana cine (tof Sissi ob = 2 [PPP] = 2 [os x*(1)x)+e§ x°(1/x)? + © (1/x)° 1 = 2 [S5e+10)x +1)x5] x=2 gai = Ey (te Dy ~ 2 152% (10/2)+0/32) = 2 [40+5+(1/32)] = 80+10+(1/16) = soRIA (8-4) 215 AS SP Sa . @urn (2x+ a yo x ty le sass os @ Aphis CA Galt sat i @ 1 (ee Sie gd bu gilaa oi @ (3x2+(2/3x))* Cau sil Gyaall sas) @ aa 1/12 g sha (3K+2)!° Agha Gb CUED sad ot) Galt aad dua ds 13) @ (x) Aa Sia ob X Ga hat salt angi @ | 28 AB ae HT GAS 1H. BO gg gly X Jules als 13) (X2+(a/x))5 Dysia 5 @ Aayasall Gia) saa dayne Ya Barly hla! an) ob LA ® (4-2) BgSie G8 EN ast 1: 60x> 2: 120x* 32 40 x* 4) 60x* ® Clb Ol sladia ( Sx dy)? A ySie gb Glu gl Glan) gls 13) Te x=(2/5)y 2) x= (4/5)y Be x= S5y/4 4. x-=y Dee(© mull uct! ©) Chapter 9 Matrices <4 sia - shed G5 [9-1]° + hi [9-2] * + [ cytgieas g glad] Gs [ 9-3] + + Sage) Clb pdueall Gary [9-4] ° «ghia say (ge nny GU ginal aaa [9-5] * + [ia sxe (fh dag ope] Li i [ 9-5-1] © «gel Auhead Mya Agha ls [ 9-6] + «AB sieall Qa pall sil [9-7] + - hss 9-8] ° gs [9 -9] + ya CYsles Ja [9-10] + + Bb ghuaal) Aladin Cul spas ob lH! + Culsgeal) Wales Ja cd paladiod Gut 4g) classe [9-11] Nie SOG ob AN) Ag yall Ge Calas G08 Ja (3 Ghote alaaid [9 -11-1] + Fydaly 3 Mada) gh 5a tI Glwaal! A= [ai] A Wisisaall Aaz=|ail ees -A A Ad gisaall reall Jail! A A Hi giccnall o53 pall 8 x= 4X, y= hv Cosilales Ja ch jal 8 Ady phe 6© wlll ual) > Matrices = ld pial) ———— |___pdell acid Determinats <)s.>.!) Matrices ci gicaall : Ys) : dasha V398 gabe ales ase ts Ai gine Lats gan cil ginaall : Ligh! plat) Lis pill GAS lad Ji Ge Catia y 5a JY Cli shea) Cag! By. Maal gd pee AL sedi) ale GE Guat JB ge petal igh bold ghoul Jatt (1821 - 1895) Lad Relay ChacalsD B ali gil yu pga oe Saab ia. Guill ale y ELaiaY) alley + Aig gta play obey ola jail) GB gio SEY we pA clad Ugly pla juny pany | (oe gh Shale Sale 8) (ob agile GS A, B,C, D oth den) of Gadi | + ea gle 75.6 84668687 ela) by 94 82.73 60 | FAVS Banh Aaa) y cules ye ySis Saline Span cob Gila gleall ode abit Sad A B é D 94 82 2B 60 chett 15 84 68 87 eles PRD Gy Saath DGB DU Sila Ge yay Sua bad gil Ghat! sical gb lal) Sila ys OS gay ISM a pant) of LS oly jaltl gf DU Sila ja OF yay Coulda) Vase g Lee Cyiatall (pb MUR a gt Ge ats (pit) aga y bee +B ygeall le Gill J gant) AUS OSes 94 82 73 60 \ 94 82 73 60 75 84 68 87 4 75 84 68 87 (9-1) bse (9-2) se E (1) GS) Asst! Nia gd iy 0)| (Matrix) 48 gies eons (9-1) od) SEE og} (ast sl) Spell Noa Jia all Jae: Aa) Ja Ss 2 304 =5 6 4 6 8 10 12 6 9 12 15) 18 8 12 16 20 24 Beye sandy gta 138 Gd (236) pele JS 5 Sc) Airy gies des) At ssa 13s of} (16) Letay « couslStl 2 gant y mE nal gb ely (15) Miad - aganlly Ghnalls aadga ( cy0is) = GNM spall QIN Ginall od gy ( dsm gh a(Element)! nae mim 4 lye ye pais ; m,n & N%« hagas Line m Gye 9s dsbins Ug | jlaataly Wal Jd Les n Wosse Columns saci, m tease (Rows) m,n © N* « mxn diginas A,B,C : Vie gh Aigies igi palic of OLE Gay LS a polis y Migicaall Gor lat) Anas = R Albian shsey) Sis pit Gist (nn agFel ghnae Ce SLE ok AN Ayaan) Oba baiall Gye IS Of alls G) duel ADs Cyhee Gb AG ye polis ius pe Sule 4 A Aisi Bay CMAN agent) sali. g - 107 ot itd ical polic'y 16263 a Jy¥l inal 3.7 +M=2 eye 2XZ Esl Os ddshaeA Gi dst (9 -1) ciwi urs n=2 , M=3 Gyn 3X2 Est Ge Agi Boos mn =3 n=2, m=2 dye 2% 2 Eid oa Bina Cy 3X4 Gs) Gs bgt EW 2B ygeall gle A Gas LEB min & sill Gye AB ghee A cus 13) dale Aiken yLay patel du ads el Gall og NT jay a A Gi (Lite) Luss! | pale Sy ay o) ay nalel) Guat Uy ale Ide 48 Qb gil) agen 5 Mj Saw sleet gj ind Bay Ls ee ra) + Gb 2x3 E sill oe ME ghee of Ly rgb pbcualay oi glhy j-1,2,3 ly i -1,2 = (Si agent y J) eal 3 patel) die) a, HL = (AL a gaalls Jy Gina! Gd paiall iy) a, a,-5 .a,-1,a,=-4, a,-2 Jidhs2 lee GUN GU AD Gis 1) A=B Gisiy Chile B, A Grtgieaal o) Ugh gg glay A Sane) ase yB Ligh se sly A Ligie eo) gl aly eg eA, BI . B banc) axe Cans cle Clase i yj cus seal i yj ab geet — Oy - Dy 2 Ob cule A = 2 -l 6 A-B = -3 0 -4 : Jal FO) aad Oab shee og glad ci i Ge ayr2, aged. a 6, ay 3 a0, aod 2B ygall Cli sinaal uay [9 - 4] m + n ya mxn € 55 G4 Usinas 2: Rectangular Matrix Auina! Bion @> 1X1 & sil Ga ( Row Matrix Cina! Aisivos) pau m=1 Lanic y m X 1 ¢ sill Ga (Column Matrix open! bsivas) paudin= 1 Lasic y se ginx n Es Gs Mighene pay : (Square Matrix) ins ph dd gion QD sigue) ase = Yasha inal la pale Gan day ye Mi gines Jy : (Diagonal Matrix) 4 jh 48 doa @ + sia! | ple Ji) le Vasa 98d Gulu bill gle Aad gl) palin! Noe Le Ball gh palin Ge US Ugsd G9 A jad Ui ghee ay : (Unit Matrix) ban) ds + al gl by gluus Gulia) al) (pte oe 221°bal Lb walic guaag MxM Ad sivas ity : (Zero Matrix) 4, jira!) 4i picoall (0) 52th Ud Satan m=2, n=3 (get Abie 1 2 3 Aa gical | o -1 4 m1, m3 ybioiignar [12 0 4] Ugaado m=3 , n=] woreda] WB givaal) 1 3 3.2 6 Glad) We pbb 3x3 Ansys Mdgicae | 6 1SAN) Ge GES Saal y JS of Bay Ay die da ghee ye 1x2 0 1x2 gsi) ya A Lady 2X1 g sll Ge I) GY ‘ + [o 0] a1 thin ase 8 gpg cil ghroall ear | 9 5] (9 —4): cia mxn Gu io Gaijin B=—b] A= [a] cals 13) AB ghuea gp Lage pane Ge e,-a +b, te C= [o,] A-B @1.4-a A,B,C EH Added Ja gt Gil C agd mx ng sil) Ge Ciligiseal Ze gene H cus | C+B=A \ sda + coal gl) B Migaad dike C+ B + (-B)-A+(-B) C+ (BB)=A-B clsiadd eat Gal PS CHOSA-B gail Gy pale Guat =C-AB 2 Yaad pale Huals i 4950 yaad) pails aay phi gts B sie jee) phil 2 -B o = Ateatl las Sa © = A-B yf (lity a+ i hace Oe Ging C+ B= A Aakal bo wi : gall oof ETE TE TE 1 -3lc-|, 1 1 2 ce + CHC) |, go) > Hee |G 3 3) c+]2 4c¥(-3yc- | 4 OPREIAD (4-4) 35; PSP roSx sy, zh aia @ 2y 41 3 “5 16 |- [: | @ io] _| 15 2y | [ | ® 2 Adda cll pit Ue A eal Se oS Ao cht aI® 2 0 . 0 e@ 2 -42 @ -1@ -@., Auta dsc wate-[0 -s]. B-[o s]- a-[5 1] 5 11@ 2a+B+C @ A+(61c) @ Mishel cv staal On IS Ja (4) Copal BIL SIA B,C clbsieal Lah @® 2 ayy A+x-Bi1c @ 2(B-C)-2(x-c)B @ L atx) 3x +28 Liacx)- +28 @: Multiplication Of Matrices ald sho) Gyo AY) AY) DR Oe Ub gall Gr pla Ge glee 2 eas 13) + Gh US Gis AX Bape ducle oli @.efi > i} soe 4+ 3¢1]-[5¢8-9 fil @--i 3]. e-|- 4 hisGaA X Bolt axe-[i jf a: [1xss3x4 ixcasaxobfi7 “1] igh Sy AXB oi ~/2.x (+0 X OF 1X1 20 1 @s-|1-1 3). B ax + X (-1)* (-1I)X 043 XTtoh LS ia AX Bo 2 01 1 3] j2x1+0x5+1(-1) 2x3+0K1+1x0 AxB = By na aff 5a] ] pd (tyx543 (1) 1x34(-1)x143x0 tt AX Bye bgt B cigie = A dusci | AXB Qyal ucla GLX g sill a B culsy « MXL g sill Ga A culls 13). MXN ¢ sid Gs Ab gis G9 MX M 4a; y4 Uigies BA, AB ge 35 GE MXM Css ys Cogan A,B cals 13) AP= AA o) glA? 5 yally AA Qisiud AB cls 13) Lola dines @e> [: | f 0 } ey A= , B- 4 5 2 1 ~=«0 2 Sal gf agi B@® -@ 8&xs@ xs® 1 Wala) GSe AXB gid B isda ase =A bac) ase ol ly Jal)A Gsiat Bisel VAXBaaioey @ SWRa)-i ae B she + B bucl bie set @ AXB +B XA Seals oe bo $A Ga GS yy AX = DXA etd cals 13)1 0 I= o) gia 0 1 i 2H2 G58 co Hay Ashe ya A Aaa High | x 1x 140 x (-2)# (-1) x 3 -2 y |=] 0 x 1+ (-2)(-2)+3x 3 = 13 z 2x 1+1X(-2)+0xK3 0 x=-2 , y=13, 20 on SS g 51 t98 3x2 gsi Ge gia 6 2X3 E sil) Ge Ubsiee AG) cule + AY) Clb gical! (xa XB@ Axa xA@BxKA Oaxs® sda 2x2 Hghes AX B = 3x2iigi Bo 2x3tde gp @ 3x3 digivas BX A 2x3 disias «3x2 Absiee B e@ 2x3 Wigan (BX A) XAS 2x3 Higher A «2x2 Ugh (AXB)@ 3x2 Washes (BX A) X BS 3x2 Ugiee B «3x3 Misia (BXA)®1 9] fi3 10 - | — = SM a A? -3A+21 i bl, ;] +2 [4 sv! Gib 1 9] [-3 -9| [2 o] fo o — lo a}*]o -6 | “Jo 2] Jo of - °° e* SLA (10 -2) outs AS I~ af} 1 |; | ce : I ass @® 1 0 1 0 Oo - aa cxA@ 8x A@ Bxc@ axc@ s@ Ax(BxC)@ (Ax8) xc@ cxs@ + Q) Cadlh San) Migs T cals y Glad Oy pill ELSA,B C ais 1@® B--1@ ac-1@ axs--6xa® (A xB) x C= Ax BXQ®@ 4X 3 igi Cs 3X 3 MisiBy 3X2 Bim AK I® 1 RH cd gal Ga JS esi Cat 3x 2 Aighuaw Dy Bx D@ cxs@ 24x0@ 01xa@ axc® (A x D) xX A® (CxB) x D@ DxAx B® cant 235. >Spall Gee el yal ies Ala ed eal Sly OS os ath Leb Gat Lhe ai@ -5 [2 1 6| >| @ 3 1 0. 2 tual) 983 ge AY shall Ga JS ad gj dane Gwe Ax (BHC) = Ax BHA xc@ (BHC) x A=BxXA+CxXA® Ax (BYA)=Ax B+ Ve @ Ax (BHC)= Bx A+C x A@® (Ax B)xC=-Ax(BxXC)@®ats 11@® 1g) tle A2-2A - 31-0@ B-B+T -0@ Ax xa@® 2 ASU yaya) phil Yi ISA X BY BAY AX B=BXA =1: gg at Inveres of a Matrix : 4A sicaal yy pall pill [ 9-7] hia 2 2 G5 oe Ang pall AB gdacrall ada) shal Lad ja Lin J lth (9-7): Giga Guay Aud 6 gi Oe B AS gh Cay Go) 2X2 gl Ga A Mghaall Qo pall abil Ax BBX AFI : os (2x2 gi cya Sangh diginens i) cuca dylan dui Sayload ddgiaaal) Toye (B= AT Gh gl) AT jaMy A i ghecal coy pal lilt) 5a peThe Determinat Of Matrix Myioaaee | (9 —8) Gaye b | cats 133 A= e od Sag ayy A Magical sine pow ad - bic Jabal ld + Oh gi tha Lats b d b 4- = ad-b.c c d tl st On pain pte Qual ge 56 gh ad — b.c Jada Ad ol) 3 Lay) jaad HRN Ge yal gd Gy peel) pe Seale Abe Lag ple A Magda A Gil! bil Ute = Male pill lew 1 | ab Gi Ls. 3)1 0 =BxKA » i] xs @ Ohl AM ne DBA, BS ha, oe Ge il Oe gd A'=B, BI=A (9-7) issue (9-9) dist a Nagase Osh A Abgicaall op pct bail) gle alt ja ails 13) (AA40) gi Lise g slut Younes gS Late (ly as) d -b a A b cad (ltgase lS a) ) AT le Upeally A= [: pe 2 Sige Lal ogy cote Lal eight gLa® Nhy conde oat I Ga A Gb A=O Gas 19 (A sane) A dad sai ond Js Jb 1 NS ty Lape abi A Ad goal gli A + 0 as A i ghscrall lay eilh (gle Gall!) Op maield gaday Ow Jabs “A Hagel 33) Jl i Gal Ca paid ht) Ge JS 9 o Na are a ec ime. 239.) anneSosa be BA xB. AB Gado) ott Ja FB yhace La yl GB phaall 5 ylia Wali 4g bi dd ghoe BIS 13) 43 in Ia ol Bd shi pelo Gills ye la jhd palic Lan) 4, bd(Ax B) = 4y (A x B) 1 (Ax B)=(Ax B)(AxB)! =1 > pedal ob Giada salt YQ ASN) Gla ghee Ga gl -1 -5 5 2 0 A . [: ‘Jel; ‘je Poppa poi Ab ydcenall gt iz gal 5 oD Gt iB i pine og12x 5 -20x3 -0 @ epee BS HB gl 0g Gul fone enanen ea X ab uu! x : x Fg lpia Ugdasee G95 Lesio: Gaple lil Lg) Ga E 3 x = «-3x12 = 02 CB ghnenall plainly Cub ogoe cob glo! Ag pall crates Jaf 9-10] +f Qylldlaal) aU Lue! $31 saad) CS 13g Ci) gill Ab gion Cc Qublaall Ab givae Becdlaleall Ab giaae A pou + gh US (1) Ja sly) Seal gad A= ad - bo +0 gi A¥O A'(AXB) = A'Xe A’ All) Abu (A1x A)xB= ATX C ayant Auals Ix B=AtxC A Bi iwi Oe B=A7xC ae pale | oy Collated) ALB Ja QDS: Guill) x, Y Oalogeall slay CM! Ly gabe O) Gal gl Ge - a,b,c,d,L,k Agsal Gi) gil AN ( ose!> Qa Ga Ab Gib ghoall placa Quist! Qyilaleal) alli Jo 2x + Sy =o... (1) 3K + Ty = 2 sees (2) dal 4B sisal) Ulead) ist AX= C A sae-A=-2K7-5x3 =-140 B= A! x C dal oss nA 7 -5 3 Vest tb aR X,Y atte (1) « (2) oh Abed Catt: Gia) 2x 345(-1)-1 3x 34+7(-1)-2RLM (9-3) cass AS YE FAIS a) LAS AH gine) ya IS gpa all shi tn @ [: Je [> sJe[- [; Jef tle [ gta sal Ud Goad LOM) cl gual Ga US dead (a x pol oat @® 1 = A gat A= we nowt af I ———as @® ds at ABT, BIxAt a® AXB(AXB) 1 Wating® (At) =a jo as@® 2 GAM Gia Ab ghee oassals Gatey) Quiles 3x - dy = -5 3y-5x= 1aad) La Cosel Calas Ja GB Galas Sa 45,9 clases [9-11] 2X, Y Cabggene cob cis) cyiilaleal glad Ligh) 13) ax + by = Lvs... (1) ex dy = Ko... (2) F 95 a gil Glad Lk Glam Ui « cdllaall pond a,b, c,d dscyl ol a b X ygpall Cdbales G) Badd A ja slly Ugh Jauny Cdlelaall sane 4 Lob Ax St Seuty x dope sae | feet «A nal Sl apa oss Li, ca silly (xcdbalen) Js) agen oe Auabiuy) wy aly A ce Yule daaaiy co Rabies) sey hy Ay ja A je sis Vdopaadome [8 U gaaits | c k Calg dad A + Oo Cask Oily LK cal ily (y Dldes) 23 a gent 2 Gg Glad x,y L b ax |k d Ld - bk a Ja b ad - be ce d a L ak - cL. | Ay c k y= = A a ‘| ad - bef Alganall aladiady Qui) cyilalea!) alla Ja 3x+y=2 -3 1 -4+6 -3 2+9 5X -6Y=0 , 3X+4Y=04 1-(-3)(-4) -3| 3x 1-(-3) «6 1 -4] 3x (-4)-4 x6 -12-24 -3| 3x 1- (-3)x 6 3+182 ARAN AGN Ce hasall =2(0x 5-4 x (-1)) -3(1 x 5-4 x 0) +0= 8-15 =-7 + (sa8 Miah) JA) Ja 5) iS aos, of 0 Mecho =(2% 0 x 54+3x4x OF0%1x (-1)) ~ (042 x 4x (-1)+31%5) = 0- (-8+15) = -=2(-2-0) +3 (-1-0) +4 (1-0) = -4 -3 +4 = -3 2. -3 4 2 73 1) os 0 1 a“ 2 04 M, o™t = (2X2(-1)+(-3)x0x0+4x 1x1) -(4x%2K0+2x0x1+(-3)x1x(-1)) ~ C4 +4) 3) =-33 sy 8 Mi by AT Ja J Si yin EOE gb AGT Ag yall Gye Nadas COU Ja gb Glaaaal) pladind [9 11-1] X, Ys Z Sable EG gb SV) CYsteal) AUB Lisl Gs 13) ax+ by + oz-d ax+by +¢z=d, ax + by + ¢z-d,reg) CNalaall gl Ja a x+ 3y-z=1 2x +2y+z-0 3x ty + 2z=-1 1 -1 11-1 Ax=0 2 1|--2,. Ay=|2 0 1 J=2 ,Az=| 3-1 22 Sa Ay) chalet) QU Seat Gl ke aid ap xtky=0 2x-y=0 Jad) Lani | pine og glad Y ADLales tae 965 Lesic Jo Ali 14g) G9 1 #0> 12k #0 > k #~— 2 Glaseall Gal yd AY soll Aa AES Cally Ui ghaly San8 Ys SUEY ghee ly Nase gl S@ 8) @&> 0 14 7 3 i dael sal J ite aa! polis Gob ye Mind alata ty ti ® & : dana dag aly 0 ‘| +1 ° 2 | se 5-3 5 1 gh (Gaginall sah palic) sao) dad + (Gaae¥! aah palic) ssoal deggp gled sand) Hag Gb Ube UIs sane Gb agaes) Gina gh poli Qup als 1 @ BB od Lab GI Glia Ou pe 9h Gulla Cuie Gaga Lily NS) uae gl Gt @ (1) A bas ae hed) stella og shat 3 0 1] =(-1) |-2 5 0 -5 5 cg Sha sand) ah Gib sae GB ( cus ye gi) Galea gl gb FELLA palin OL 131) «Vie &> ENED Gall palic = JV) hall walle GY Say Salat Vis lb sane gi (asec gi gl) ea gh palic Que gh dds ule a9 1B] vaaaa @ IS 08!yatta) tl (Ke) aany Ang pias (2900) sf ha gl jolie Git 13) asa ad a +) gat g) he od Yd Aba! & 2g) aol sanall wb gga Jal oe Sean AD A Jai agen) tt at+b+tet+l 1 at+b+e+l 1 at+b+e+1 1 = anal) Gil Ay gluse NEN g (pitEI Gua ganll pualic Go) Lay & + Chaaaal) Ay ye plastid 593 jive = staal ad gf 2 3 3 -2 5 = 3)/-1 -1 5 7 2 2 7 = (6) Anald pHi spat) palic a (3) dite dale gi al = 30-0 (5) duct que( ciasaal) Gal gS padi): Gh al -1 = (6) Anas + SIM) agen polio Ga djidea Jule (7) + (6) Anais SNL a gael padi: Gye dl jidie Jule ( 2 ) =7% 2x (-3) = (6) duals cor GAD eal peal Qa dl jade dale (—3 )ZORA 9-4) 22S YE 2 AY) hase) if ni@® @- 2-0 2x- 3y=1 Quy 957: eeeesesesesessSsSsSsSSSSSSSSSSSS—S———s”t 2x -y z= 1 3x - 2y -z=1 3x + 2y=2 x+y 422-0 1 2 3 3x = 2; tx-42y4 @3x-2y +342 @1.-2r3 dx- yt daz Bxty-Zz=-2 yt z=-x4+3 6x-y+2z-0 : Gita pladiul As) crsbea Ll Ga Js a ao @® @-3-sy--1 @ x - 394 x+6y =3 Sy = -4x -1 @u-x-0 | 4L + 3k =0 = (2) Sper eb 5 pgSda CNdeal) Laka) Jat Gd givaall padi ai 2 Me 20) cya slides am ded o@ x+2y=1 3x + my= 4 2 AG) Yale) 4a Jal Glosmall s® @x«+3 +z=0Sa A cated tyes Qaim at x-y+z=0 x+y+mz=0 -x-y+z-1 AD gh BBB GEL Gye paky AOD Ag pal Ge tana he Os Absa of I®

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ر ص 5 العلمي

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