Aly Designation: C 39/C 39M — 04a Standard Test Method for INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ORMALIZACION ESTA ES UNA COPIA FIEL DEL ORIGINAL Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens" ctmination of compressive of eylindrival conerete specimens such as molded celindrs and drilled cores. 1 is limited to concrete having 3 unit eight in excess oF SH Tb [800 kgm] 4.2 The values stated in either inel-pound oF SU units are 0 be regarded separately as standard. The St units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact ‘equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently fof the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noneonformanee with the andar 13 This standard does not purport to saldvess all of the sufers cancerns, if uns, associated with its use, Ht is the responsibility of the user of this stands to establish appro priate safe aned health practices and determine the applica Dulte of regulatoey liitarins prior t use. (Waraing—Mes howl he provided to contain concrete Fragments. during suvden rupture ef specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture imreases with nerexsing conerote strength and itis more likely when the testing machine is relatively Mevible. The safety precautions given in the Manas! of Aggregate and Conciete Testing ae recommended.) 1.4 The tex ofthis standard references notes which proxide explanatory material, These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard 2. Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards: ? 3100 31M Practice for Mal Specimens in the Field Concrete Test © ANC 42M Test Method tor Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete C192C 192M Practice for Making. a Test Specimens in the Laboratory €617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Speci- C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials ©873 Tes: Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds C1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Conerete and Con ote Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Laboratory Evaluation ©1231 231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con- crete Cylinders E-4 Practices for Force Veritication of Testing Machines E74 Practice for Calibration of Force-Measuring Instri- iments for Verilying the Force Indication of Testing Ma- chi Curing Concrete al of Agaregate and Concrete Testing 3. Summary of Test Method 3.1 This test method consists of applying a compressive axial load to molded cylinders of cores at arate Which i within fe ceurs. The compressive sirength of the specimen is calculated by dividing the maxi Jned during the test by the cross-sectional arca of mum load at the specimen. 4. Significance and Use 4.1 Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the Significance of compressive strength determinations by this test method since strength isnot a fundamental or intrinsic proper fof conerete made from given materials. Values obt ‘depend on the size and shape ofthe specimen, bathing, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during(Gp c s01c som —o4a 42 This wst method is used to determine compressive strength of evlindrical specimens propated and cured in accor dance with Practices © 300 31M, 182°C 12M, C617, and CPSC 23]M and Test Methods € 42°C 42M and C873, 43 The results of this test mothod are used as a basis for ‘quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placing ‘operations; determination of compliance with speciticaions: control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures: and similar 4.4 The individual who tests eoncrete cylinders for accep= tance testing shall mect the vonerete laboratory technician requirements of Practice (1077, including an examination reiting performance demonstration that is evaluated by ai independent examiner Nort 1--Coniicaton sqivaen to the minimum guidlines for ACT Conerte Laborato Tetncinn, Level 1 or ACT Conese Stgth esting Hoshi wil sts ths oval 5. Apparatus S.A fesung Machine—The testing machine shall be of a ype having sufficient capacity and eapable of providing the rates of loading prese S.L1 Verify calibration of the testing n dance with Practices |, exeep thatthe veritied loading rane shall be as requited in 5.5. Verification 38 required under the Following conditions: S.11.1 At least annually, but not to exceed 13 5.1.12 On original installation or immediately after reloca- S.LL.X Immediately afler_ making repairs or adjustments that affect the operation of the force applying system or the ‘values displayed on the load indicating system, except for 2er0 aagjusiments that compensate for the mass of bearing blocks oF speciinen, oF both, oF 5.1L Whenever there is reason to suspect the avcuracy of the indicated Toads 5.1.2 Design ~The design of the machine must include the following features; 5.1.2.1 The machine must he power operated ane! must apply the load continuously rather 1 rmiltently, and hout shock. IF it has only one leading rate (mnesting the requirements of 78) it must he provided with a supplemental mans for loading at a rate suitable for verification. This supplcmental means of loading may be power of hand oper ated 5.1.2.2 The space provided for test specimens shall be large ‘enough to aceommodate, in a readable position, an elastic calibration device whieh is of suficiont capacity to cover the potential loading range of the testing machine and. which ‘omplies with the requirments of Practice F. 74, None 2 the types of laste elation devies most generally ail ah uM mst commonly used for hi paps are the crcl pow rag ell 5.1.3 Aecmacr The accuraey of the testing machine shal be im agvordance with the following provisions S121 The percentage of error for the loads within the proposed range of use oF the testing, machine shall not exec 10% of the indicated load 5.1.32 The accuracy ofthe testing machine shall be verified by applying five test loads in four approximately equal increments in ascending order. The difference between any two successive test loads shall not exceed one third of the differ: tence between the maximum and minimum rest Toads, 3.1.3.3 The west load as indicated by the testing machine and the appli load eompoted from the readings ofthe verification Advice shall be recorded at each test point. Calculate the errr , and the percentage of error. E,. for each point from these data as follows: toma ~ av where: A= load, IF {RN} indicated by the machine being verified and B= applied load. IDF [KN] as determined by the calibrating device 5.1.3.4 The report on the verification of a testing machine shall state within what loading range it was found to conform to specification requirements rather than reporting a blanket acceptance oF rejection. In no case shall the loading eange be stated as including loads below the value which is 100 times the smallest change of lod estimable on the load-indivating mechanism of the testing machine or loads within that portion ‘of the range below 10% of the maximum range cap 5.1.35 In no case shall the loading range be stated as including toads outside the range of loads applied during the verification test. 5.1.6 The indicated load ofa testing machine shall not be comected either by calculation or by the use of a calibration séggram 10 obtain values within the required. permissible 5.2 The testing machine shall be equipped with two stect bearing blocks with hardened faces (Nove 3), one of which isa spherically seated block that will hear on the upper surface oF the specimen, and the other a solid block on which the specitnen shall rest. Bearing faces of the blocks shall have a ‘minimum dimension at least 3% greater than the diameter of the specimen to be tested. Except for the concentric circles ‘described below, the bearing faces shall not depart from a plane by mote than (2001 in, (0.02 mm) in any 6 in, [150 rom] of | blocks 6 in, [150 mm in diameter or larger, oF by mote thar £6,001 in, [0.02 mm) in the diameter of any smaller black: and new blocks shall be manufactured within one hall of this tolerance. When the diameter of the bearing face of the spherically seated block excovds the diameter of the specimen bby more than 0.3 in. [13 i citeles not more than (0.03 in, (0.8 mm] deep and not moe than 0.04 i, {1 mon] wide shall be inseribed to facilitate proper centering. Now Slt i desirable thatthe bearing faves of Hacks sed for compression testing of eanerets havea Rockwell andes of nts than SSTIRC 2.1 Bota bearing blocks shall conform to the following block is specified for the pur- pose of providing a readily machinable surface for mainte- rnanee ofthe specified surface conditions (Note 4), The top and(lh c 3910 30m — 04a brotom surfiees shall be parallel to each other. I the testing rmachine is so designed that the platen itself is readily main tained in te specified surface condition, a bottom block isnot required, ts least horizontal dimension shall be at least 3% than the diameter of the specimen to be tested. cles as described in S.2 are optional on the Concentric ci bovtom block, Aun 4 the black may be fisena 10 the platen oF the texting 5.2.1.2 Final centering must be made with reference to the upper spherical lock. When the lower heating block is used to assist in centering the specimen, the center of the concentric Fines, when provided, oF the conte of the block itself must be direatly below the center ofthe spherical head. Provision shi he made om the platen ofthe machine « assure such a postion 5.2.1.3 The bottom bearing block shall be at least 1 in, (25 rim] thick when mew. and atleast 0,9 in, [22.5 mm] thick after any resurfacing operations, 5.2.2 The spherically seated bearing black shall conform to the following requirements 5.22.1 The maximum diameter of the bearing ice of the suspended spherically seate II not exveed the values sven below Dane axnun arter test Soccer, 1! Gong Fc, "ine ‘sin 2150) 108) Sirs) St, hon, esit05) Shea, 1s) ‘zr 101 5 Soware beating fees ate pele, provided the dame fhe age posible mst ile does ax exceed the ave dams. £2.22 The cemter of the sphere shall coincide with the surtace of the bearing thee within a tolerance of 5% of the sphere. The diameter of the sphere shall be atleast 75% of the diameter af the specimen to be tested, $2.2. The ball und the socket shall be designed so that tl 1 in the contact area does not permanently deform when Foaded to the radius ofth avity of the testing machine, 5.2.24 The curved surfaces af the socket and ofthe spher cal portion shall he kept clean and shall be lubricated with a peteoleum-type il such as conventional motor oil, not with a Pressure type grease. After contacting the specimen and appli- ‘cation of small initial load, farther tilting of the spherically seated block is nor intended and is undesirable 5.2.2.8 Ith radius ofthe sphere is smaller than the radius ‘of the largest specimen to be tested, the portion of the hearing face extending beyond the sphere shall have 2 thickness not less than the difference between the radius of the sphere and sds ofthe specimen, The least dimension of the bearing face shall be at least as great as the diameter of the sphere (see Hi, 1 “Tvs nwo eas ra (1) TEST SPECIMEN ‘at —Provnon shal ema for hodng he hl in he shel and fe olin he ee uni i the tein tae 1G, 1 Schematic Sketch ofa Typical Spherical Beating Block 5.2.2.6 The movable portion of the bearing block shall be did closely in the spherical seat, but the design shall be such thatthe bearing face can be rotate freely and tilted atleast 4° in any direction, 53 Loud Indication 5.3.1 [the load of a compression machine used in concrete testing is registered on a dial, the dial shall be provided with a graduated scale that is readable to atleast the nearest O.1 "6 oF the full scale load (Note 7). The dial shall be readable within 11% of the indicated load at any given load level within the feuding range. In no ease shall the loading range of a dial be csansidered 10 include Toads below the value that is 100 times. the smallest change of load that can be read on the scale. The sale shall be provided with a graduation line equal to zero and ‘0 numbered, The diat pointer shall be of sutficient length to zach the graduation marks; the width ofthe end ofthe pointer shall nor exceed the clear distance between the smallest graduations. ach dial shall be equipped with a zero adjust ‘ment located outside the dialcase and easily accessible from the front of the machine while observing the zero mark and dial pointer. Each dial shall be equipped with a suitable device that call times, until reser, will indicate to within | % aceuraey the maximum load applied to the specimen. None 7—Readaiity s onsen 0 B62 in. 0.5 mm] song te re eserited by te end ofthe poe, Ase. one bal fa eae interval ‘sale wth reasonable ceramly when the sping one oa nding reson is stn 4 [Imm and 0.06. [2 nm. Whe the spocing i Belwcen 0.6 an 1.12 i [2 al 3m. cne tid of 9 sale ineral in eadube ith reasonable cei. When the spacing 0.12 i [5 mi or mors one fourth ofa eal interval is eadble with easnable 5.32 I'he testing machine load is indicated in digital Form, the numerical display must be large enough t0 be easily read ‘The numerical increment must be equal fo or les than 0.10% of the Tull scale load of a uiven loading range. In no ease shall the verified loading range include Toads ess than the minigun ‘multiplied by 104 The aceuracy of the(fl c 391c 30m - 04a indicated load must be within 1.02% for any value displayed within the verified loading range. Provision must be mad for aajusting to indicate true zero at zero ond, There shall be Provide! miaximuny load indicator that at all mes until eset will indicate within 1% system accuracy the maximum foad applied to the specimen, 6. Specimens 6.1 Specimens shall nor be tested if any individual diame of a cylinder differs fiom any other diameter of the same cesindse by more than 2%. Nowe 8 This may oss when single use molds ane damaged or tioned dase pune, hen Mele sng se molds ae dered Alsen oe abo core dil tts she cng dling 2 Prior to testing, neithor end of test spocimens shall dlepart trom perpendiculariy t9 the axis by more than 05° {appeosimmately equivalent co 0.12 in. in 12 in. FL mim in 100) tmnt}. The ends of compression test specimens that are not plane within 02.002 i, (0,080 min} shall be saved or grout ret that tlerance, oF capped in agcordunce with either Practice (617 or, when permitted, Practice (1231-C 1232M, The diameter used for calculating the cross-sectional area of the test specimen shall be determined to the nearest 0.01 in, [0.25 mm} by averaging evo diameters measured at right ines to cach other at about midheight of the specimen. 6.2 The number of individual eylinders measured for deter- ‘mination of average diameter is not prohibited from being reduced to one for each ten specimens oF three specimens per day. whichever is greater, iF all eylinders are known to have bocen made froma single lot of reusable or single-use molds ‘whieh consistently prodhce specimens with average diameters withio’ a range of 0.02 in. [0.3 mm, When the avers dameters do not fall within the range oF 0.02 in. [0.$ mm} oF shen the eylinders are not made from a single lot of molds, each evlinder tested must be measured and the value used i calculation of the unit compressive sttength ofthat specimen. Whew the diameters are measured atthe reduced frequency. the exoss-sectional arcas ofall cylinders tested on that day shall be ‘computed from the average of the diameters of the three oF mone eylindsrs representing the group tested that day. ‘bo Ifthe parchasor of the testing Services requests measure ment of density oF test specimens, determine the mass of specimens before capping. Remove any surface moisture with “towel nnd measure the mass of the specimen asing a bala We seale that is accurate to within 3% of the mass being measured. Measure the length of the specimen to the nearest (05 in, [1 mm] at theee locations spaced evenly around the circumizrence. Compate the average length and record (0 the nearest 0.05 in. [mim]. Alternatively, determine the eylinder density by weighing the eylinder in sir and then submerged erat 73:5 = 35°F (23.0 £20 °C), and computing Je weconding 10 8.41 6.3 When density determination is not required and the to diameter ratio is less than 1.8 or more than 2.2, rcasune the length of the specimen to the nearest 0.08 D. 7. Proced 7.1 Compression tests oF moisteured specimens shall be ‘made as Soon 38 practicable after removal from moist storage 7.2 Test specimens shall be kept moist by any convenient imcthod during the period berween removal from moist storage and testing. They shall be tested in the moist condition, 7.3 All west specimens for a given test age shall be broken within the permissible time tolerances prescribed as follows 7.4 Placing the Specimen Place the plain (lower) beatin block, with its hardened face up. on the table or platen of th testing machine dirsctly under the spherically seated (upper) bearing block. Wie clean the beating faces of the upper and lower beating blacks and ofthe test specimen and place the test spceimen on the lovser bearing block. Carefully align the axis fof the specimen with the center of thrust of the spherically seated block. 71 Zero Verification and Block Seating Prior to testing the specimen, verily that the load indicator is set to zero. In ceases where the indicator is not properly set to zero, adjust the indicator (Note 9}. As the spherically seated block is brought 10 bear on the specimen, rotate its movable portion so that uniform seating is obtained. Nowe 91h techni sod 4 verify and adj To indicator 2er9 will ary deponting on the machine mapulacturce Consul your ours ‘manual compression machine eabratr for the pope ecu 75 Rate of Loading: without shock, 7.5.1 The load shall be applied ata rate of movement (platen to crosshead measurement) corresponding to a stress rate on the specimen of 35 + 7 pss (0.25 + 0.05 MPa’s} (See Nowe Ii), The designated rate of movement shall be maintained at least during the later half of the anticipated loading phase. Apply the load continuously and Non M—-For a sorew-driven or dsplacement-onioed testing ms hin: prelinary testing wil Be necessary 1 establish the for movement te achieve the spacited sites rae. The requed rate of rnovcrent will spend on the sizeof the ext specimen, the elaic Fly of the comers an the siliens of he testing machine 7.5.2 During application of the frst half of the anticipated loading phase, a higher rate of loading shall be permitted. The higher loading rate shall be applied in a controlled manner so thatthe specimen is not subjected to shock loading 7.5.3 Make no adjustment in the rate of movement (platen 10 crosshead) a8 the ultimate load is being approached and the stress rate deereases due to cracking in the specimen, 76 Apply the compressive load until the load indicator shows that the load is decreasing steadily and the specimen displays a well-defined fracture pattern (Types 1 10 4 in Fie. 2) Fors testing machine equipped with a specimen becak detector, automatic shut-off ofthe testing machine is prohibited until the oad has dropped to a value tha is less than 95% of the peak oad, When testing with unbonded caps, a corner fracture Similar to a Type 5 oF 6 pattern shown in Fig. 2 may occur before the ultimate capacity of the specimen has been attained Continue compressing the specimen until the user is certain that the ultimate capacity’ has been attained, Record the(fh c 391c 30m - 04a [<—<1 0, 25mm) Type Reasonably well-formed ccones on both ends, less. Type 2 Type 3 Well-ormed cone on one end, vertical cracks running Columnar vertical eracking through both ends, no well than 1 in. [25 mm of through caps, no well formed cones: cracking through caps defined cone on other end Type 4 Type S Type 6 Diagonal fracture with no Side fractures at top or Similar to Type 5 but end ‘cracking through ends: bottom (occur commonly ‘of eylinderis pointed tap with hammer to distinguish from Type 1 ‘with unbonded caps) FIG. 2 Schematic of Typical Fracture Patterns rmwximum toad carried by the specimen during the test, and note the type of factore pattem according t Fi, 2. IF the figetore patter is not ane of the typical patterns showa in Fis 2, sketch and describe briefly the facture pater. IV the measured strength is lower than expected, eNamtine the frac= tured conerete and note the presence of large ir voids cevdence of seutegation. whether fractures pass predominantly Wor drouzh the course aggregate panicles, and. verify tend preparations were in aceordance with Practice C61? oF Practice (1231-0 12314 8. Calculation 8.1 Calculate the compressive strength of the specimen by slividing the maximum load carried by the spocimen during the test by the average cross-scetional area determined as de- sented in Section & and express the result fo the nearest L0 ps fou. May 8.2 IF the specimen length 10 diameter ratio is 1,75 oF less, comet the result obtained i 8.1 by multiplying by the appropriate eorroetion factor shown inte fllowing table Nove Use inerpolation 0 determine correction factors for L/D) values between those given in the table Nom 11 -Coveton factors dxpond on aries somtions sich as ‘noise coniton sent evel at laste mols Averige sabes hem nth able Those correction factors apply 0 low-densy cometcte ‘weighing hstwssn 100 and 120 Th? [160 and 1920 kyr and to ‘onmal-densiy comer. They are aplisable to const dry or soaked a ‘he ume or eating ad for sonal cancete eg fom 20000 6000 ps [U4 to 42 MPa) For siregts higher than 6000 psi [42 MP} ‘oncetion icles maybe lang ha the wales listed abo 8.3 Whon require, eafelats the densiy ofthe specimen the nearest | (10 km] as follows: Density = e where: = mass of specimen, tb [ke], and Nite 16. "if of Cone Len Dinter Kao(fh) c 391 39m - 04a 1 = volume of specimen computed from the ave diameter and average length or from weighing the esinder in air and submerged, fa) SAMI When tho volume is determined from submerged ‘weighing, caleulate the volume as Follows eo shen 21 apparent mans of submerged sposimen, th fh. snd yo = dans of water at 738°F PSC] = 6227 Hot 1997.3 kein} 9, Report 9.1. por the fllowsing information: 9.1.1 Mentification numb 9.12 Diameter (and length, ffoutside the range of 1.8 D to 22 Dh. im inches [millimetres 9.13 Cross-sectional are, in square inehes (square m menss}. 9.1.4 Maximum load, in pounds-foree [Rilonewtons}, 9.1.5 Compressive strength calculated the nearest 14 psi [0.1 Mea 9.1.6 Type of fracture iFother than the usual one (see F 9.1.7 Defeets in ether specimen or caps, and, 9.18 Aue af specimen, 9.19 When determined, he [10 Kym’) the donsity 10 the mcarest 10, Precision and Bias IDA Precision 1OL.1 Hiahin-Tess Precision The following table provides the withinstest precision of tests of 6 by 12-in, [150 by 300 rm) and + by 8 in, (100 by 200 mm eylindsrs made from a well-mixed sample of conerete tinder laboratory conditions and under field conditions (see 10.1.2), Coateartot Accel Range of sci fine Serge Fo untors Bae eos, ose 103 5 200 mm 10.1.2 The within-test coeicient of variation represents the expected variation of measured strength of companion eylin- dlrs prepared from the same sample of concrete and tested by fone Tuboratory at the same age. The values given for the within-test coetlcient of variation of 6 by 12 in [150 by 300 rm} evlinders are applicable for compressive strengths. be- tevcen 2000 and 8000 psi [15 to $$ MPa] and those for 4 by 8 in, {100 by 200 mm cylinders are applicable for compressive strengths between 250K and! 4700 psi [17 to 32 MPa}. The \within-test coefficients of variation for 6 by 12 in. [150 by 300 rm} cylinders are derived from CCRL concrete proficiency ‘sample data for laboratory conditions and a collection of 1265 test ropors from 225 commercial testing laboratories in 1978 “The withn-test coefficient of variation of 4 by 8 in. [100 by 200 rm} eylindors are derived from CCRL conerete proficiency sample data. for laboratory conditions © 10.13 Mutilaboratory Precision The multi-aboratory coctficiont of variation for compressive strength test results of {6 by 12 in, [150 by 300 mm} eytinders has been found to be 5.0%%: therefore, the results of properly conducted tests by ‘ovo laboratories on specimens prepared from the same sample ‘of eonerete are not expected to differ by more than 14% average. A strength test rosult is the average of 180 ¢ tested at the same age 10.14 The multilaboratory data were obtained from six separate organized strength testing round robin programs" where 6 x 12 in [150 x 300 sm] cylindrical specimens were prepared at a single location and tested by different laborate- -. The range of average strength fiom these programs was 0K) co 13000 psi [17.0 9 90 MPa} None 12--Sohcommite CUM.6L sil continue 40 essmnine test ‘oneretepofcicnsy snp dt an eld tex dts and make revisions pr eats won ut diate Mal they cin be extended 16 iver a wider eange of aregihs and speximen sre, 10.2. Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material. no statement on bias is being made, Sepp dt en kt AST ons Haan andy te sated by mang Rea Reps RR. C100 be cote aquesing Resch Repo RICCO 102fp c 3010 30m - 4a ASTM intestate 0 poston respecting te vay of any pate ahs assert a connacton with any om mento sy er eos a ee nat tea te a fy a a ‘Ts stan renin ay by spe tnc canis and be reewed evry fe yar ad ‘iatronse er racprov or mann, Yue Gres ate etd eter tors of ns todo aston eros lantshoutste astessed ASTRA rstatn Hemtgowirs Yur carers wil mene car contrat a 8 reg of Pe ‘penne chal orn, ih ou may ar pel at our ames have ceed fa aig Yo sou ‘rae you ws ht AST Comoe on Stats He eest so Be Ths standards coyrghied by AST interatona! 109 Bar Hator Dve, PO Box C70, Ws! Conshohocken, PA 19426200, Unie Sines nat rpms inna ce matte copy of stand may Bo obaned by cot AST at he sore gases oa BS es toe SD MESASY tm or senna feo Mg he ASTM wae ros