a & CONTENTS $#+HiR Lesson 15 PAF EHR To cevececvceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees qd) Lu HE Sa Text 4eja] New Words . ER Notes The preposition “j\” 1) The adverb “i” (1) . KIUPA Drills and Practice ¥T4E% Saying hello WEIGEL — Confirming that something has happened PEGrShtERAT A «= Commenting on one’s actions TEHRATMAR Changing money at the bank HALA —-Describing a place one has visited . BUBEAIGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #4464 Lift . TR Grammar 1. f#284NH(1) — The complement of state (1) 2. Bi“ TQ: HATE ART Particle “” @): Confirming the completion or realization of something 3. ahii]fyH# — Reduplication of the verb 4, 100 3) 10,000 #4#f%%ce —-Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 W. WE — Chinese Characters WF (1) —- Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) S+A08 Lesson 16 FHI ILA To cecceeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (25) . Hox Text ia New Words . TER Notes alia “BE” (2) The adverb “BE” 2) fi “HG” — The pronoun “=” “ESR” ZRF aRat] = “LE,” to refer to the order of things or to a time sequence . 4$2595i2FA Drills and Practice 33 Filling out forms4855 Borrowing books 5E45 Returning books VG Making new friends 49%} 253— Leaving and coming back in a moment . BABEAIIZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing j- #4) 2648 . HR Grammar 1. fH.282313MH The simple directional complement 2. “#8” 24 (1) The “42”. sentence (1) 3. BERERMH (1) The time-measure complement (1) A. WF — Chinese Characters WFMIFIK (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) S+CHR Lesson 17 jC HEHUEL AD CE BREE oe eee eee (49) HE . RIBEAISEGR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing HEX Text “bial New Words ERE Notes hia “ABN” SH N Verbs “9K, 4, i],ete.” with time-measure complement “RT” BT” RRB “HT” or “BT” to express an extent or degree aia “T" OS “7” Oe The combined usage of particle “J” @ with particle “7” ® =. HEA Drills and Practice HA = —_-Deseribing things Ek8€ Comparing things SEARAR Buying clothes BIL AB ) Bk Grammar 1. “Ay” $4878 (1) The “fy” phrase (1) 2. FASriid “EG” AoE (1) Comparison using the preposition “Ek” (1) 3. HCH#NH The complement of quantity W%. WE — Chinese Characters DUFAVHFRE (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (3) SE+/\R Lesson 18 = - RUF ABASE Teer (71) —. Hx Text ia New Words =. TERE Notes tia) “Ze” The measure word “#6” -2-Ss $+Ai#% Lesson 19 he eRe - AE Spill “Ze” ‘The preposition “Zk” (Rial “HIT” ~The pronoun “neji” fRivd “KR” —The pronoun “KF” “HY” FREE (2); WVP + fy The “fy” phrase (2): W/VP + fy - #5124 Drills and Practice FEllig = At the post office HRA —_Desoribing things ANBewAE — Uncertainty 42 Reminding ASE Taking the bus fPEAIHL Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #9] 4) @-@4e LF iit = Grammar 1. 48524 The resultative complement 2. “qa say (2) The “ffl”. sentence (2) 3. “GB” a) (2) The “J” sentence (2) HK. WE — Chinese Characters WLEFAVHIFIE (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (4) ~ (94) . Bsc Text ei] New Words ERE Notes WIL ( A) + V+ WE — The structure “GRIE( A) + V + He” “SE” TE RANE “ie” as a resultative complement “JAE” (Ea) (2) Question with “YE7RIE” (2) 3 + VWP The structure “3 + VP” Y%5I-532)) Drills and Practice SAPGSEM |] «© Expressing a duration of time YEW — Talking about hobbies PERE Comparing things 980 ~~ Exchanging greetings 4251) Saying goodbye BRHLAIA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing $RFLRAERF it Grammar Le SBR + CAS) BRE” Beas LOBE Using “Bi---( AX) —##” to make a comparison 2. mYEL¥NH (2) — The time-measure complement (2) 3. Baht) (2); ARITA Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner*. WHE — Chinese Characters WEAF (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) om +i Lesson 20( S>]Review ) YRALE -eeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeee (14) TR Text 4b ia] New Words =. TER Notes + fe The construction “[J3y-+-RL I++” YEH The construction “.-- fest 42" 319] “BEX” The conjunction “ue” FAL “OE” HaRRA eR KIAY/a](2) Elliptical questions with “Wg” (2) Bal “Q" (1) “FR” (1) Adverbs “XQ” (1) and “FH” (1) =. $2)5i2Ai Drills and Practice [RII = Asking for reasons #2 — Hurrying somebody up SEM New Year's greetings PY. BAPE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #2962. E. iE Crammar Review 1. DB AIF ASA BAR ARS The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence 2. SyilHIE](1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) *. WE — Chinese Characters WEAMIF2 (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) a= a i® Lesson 21 TAWA REMARRRIRAY + (137) WC Text 4:if] New Words TERE Notes Ul . -4- iE“UHbi “IB” (2) The modal particle “I” (2) 4% iA “WR” The noun “Lf” Sri) “BE” The preposition “By” Hil “FR” (2) The adverh “FR” (2) ASA Drills and Practice SR VLA AVITAL HA, Emphasizing the time and location of past events WIL — Talking about direction and location [BR Asking about direction TRAP ELIE — Talking about sports matches BUBEANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #3494618- a iit = Grammar 1. “J&--ff9" a] The construction “(1)” 2. Fitia] Location words 3. ARELEHYAIE Sentences indicating existance QL Chinese Characters WWI (7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) S—+2iF Lesson 22 (RBctHRIeA seseeeeeeonetseeeoeee (158) ww. i. oe Text 435) New Words TERE Notes Wy iniel"p “Wy” WA — The omission of “jj” in location words Heat “EL” The demonstrative pronoun “3x4” Heanttial “ity” — The demonstrative pronoun “fj” 4555532) Drills and Practice BALAN — Talking about a past experience ETE — Looking for a job #4 — Making an appointment or a date with someone Pfft Making comments PVEANSEWE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing (ARF) BRE iBY Grammar 1 WAMAMMA Past experience 2. SNA measure complement ‘The construction “Si4R---{EE/ ALJ” WF — Chinese Characters DLUFHIHFRE(8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) EIR Lesson 23 FAMBLACWISIET coerce (181) PR Text ial New Words TERE Notes “Ze + A/V + Hh!” PAWL The exclamatory construction “4% + A/V + Bij!” [E\(2483% The appositive phrases Bia “BL” (3) The adverb “#E" (3) % 34532) Drills and Practice iit) Talking about plans AIL Making suggestionspg. w $= WA, Talking about the weather SEU Purchasing plane tickets AMM — Going to a restaurant BUPLANALE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing AR AMIMBUT A T i#%& Grammar 1. SERIAL An action that is going to take place in a short time 2. AKA1¢NE — The complex directional complement 3. Jeet waH/a] Notional passive sentences WE Chinese Characters LFEPA (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) THR Lesson 24 (RR WA FERGAL vsecceeeeeeees (204) ES Text ji] New Words TERE Notes Sew Bil--- The construction “hie” Shia] “1a” The preposition “fi” Alia] “ie” (3) The adverh “jR” (3) 4TH Drills and Practice TRIEZEMETTMAHPE Talking about an action in. progress WAL — Talking about changes BEML Talking about living conditions #EAMUEAT Picking someone up and seeing someone off WH. PASEANSZHB ~—- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 4-404 % Hi. ie Grammar 1. fHSRHYE (1) =~ Changed circumstances (1) 2. SPERYHEE ‘The progressive aspect of an action 3. AME TEL The construction “A(H++-7fii B+” KX. WE — Chinese Characters DLP HF (10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) BoB Lesson 25 ABATE ERE (223) —. WC Text tif] New Words =. TER Notes “SR” ZAP “SH” as the prefix for ordinal numbers #) + PW + dg The construction “Z| + PW + 2”HE ne 3 HE K SFR Text in Traditional Characters FRASIER YA =~ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms -- Aia5| (fe ZOTIE ) — Voe WE RSl Character Index alia) “32” (2) The adverb “M” (2) 45) GiB) Drills and Practice SURI — Talking about an incident Tale, Visiting a patient #14 Making complaints PUBEAIAEZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 3K 7) #5 iB Grammar 1. SHVERAARASHOHELE The continuous aspect of an action or a state 2. “ee” Fa] The “Bk” sentence 3. SESLANE “BI” “fe” The resultative complements “3” , “#5” 4. SE-B The conditional construction “4gi5R--- it~ WE Chinese Characters BSHalRF Differentiating homophones +R Lesson 26( @SJReview) {RRA “PBL” T ~ (244) Sa Text Abi] New Words TERE Notes #ERR— The construction “jE iRk---” Seiad “HY” The preposition “Xf” ghia] “t" The adverb “>” iE(E/4E + V + 2 (4+ 2) — The construction “IEZE/#E + V + (+ 9B)” 455)4532] Drills and Practice FHZ4E3¢ Recalling past events VRIES — Talking about language studies (SAUER Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #7669 % AR JRE Grammar Review 1. SpiwifiBA](2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) 2. SWEHIZS The aspects of an action 3. JLARENE(1) Various kinds of complements (1) WF Chinese Characters RX4NEIE Differentiating characters with similar forms pulary Index (Simplified Script with Traditional Version)> 15 SYRR PLHP RABE RAS RES Nn Nn 19 19 24 —294— Se ob FS eS Be te ae le RER EB 4 HHS roa FR Poh A SS aso Ber BE Sea RHR SE KT MF RSI Character Index 26 23 17 25 23 15 23 17 15 26 24 MR SR ke SW ob HH RB hk O x o> SN ene 24 19 25 22 20 22 22 21 15 17 16 24 20 23 20 18 24 18 17 17 19 21 oe RR we So aR OE Se Se 18 20 20 19 25 15 26 20 17 24 17 20 24 23 25 20 16 20 22 25 16 15 HMw GY He SM SB OH Ob A = SH 3 & 2352 23 15 18 24 26 16 18 23 24 16 26 26 22 23 21 26 15 26 19wo S ee FR ew Re Z BESS WK ee AT 23 15 23 17 17 16 25 22 15 22 16 24 26 23 23 15 25 20 17 26 19 wREP ER SSP ARMAS RHO hae RR ree RR wy 20 18 15S 20 20 25 24 21 SRAR RSH RR RAR RSE RN WARES Fo op ag 3 17 23 17 25 26 19 16 26 17 24 25 16 17 24 17 24 25 17 20 17 26 23 22 19 21 23 25 17 RERS IARI PR RERS Boat B® ot of = Be - BSP MARK 22 19 21 21 23 18 25 1S 21 25 16 22 25 25 25 18 16 21 23 21 22 19 23 20 24 18 ub SS Re ap Be ee a BE Se Sy < Be BRR GHP e+ XESS RAM AS 25 21 19 18 24 16 15 16 19 23 17 20 23 20 21 20 17 23 16 20 23 15 21 15 23 22 19 Bee Boe h Fe Be Sk OW fe RE OR OME AP OS OW fh ak + dk Se Re ON 21 15 17 21 22 18 18 18 15 15 20 26 20 20 16 16 19 22 23 25 20 25 25 20 20 21 22 7905A new semester has begun. As your Chinese level advances, the topics you study in this book will become more interesting. As you follow Lin Na through this lesson, you will leam how to describe the places you have visited, how to comment on your travel experiences, as well as how to change money at the bank before your departure. You will even STEW Lc 15) Wha EET KO: AR MAGA. - S44 FNS aunyv - v TAR: MA RATAY RABE HS, RAR PARE aw ¢ KO: RD) RRARMTRR, FFREZLERHERB, a on aaeeK TAR: FRORGREVARRB? CERT) Changing money at the bank NNN FAN Vee HK HB: —RGRP-RELCPARF.oeVN NN vey WRRBELERA BAAR ‘ sevNnsvy Ve ve neve vey THR: HA? AAGRALBS? KAMABRAULE ORE 4 Nee vo v KARAT! JEG RAILS KF? a UM; TAR: tk OM, PLAT? RKB RAB, TAR: HEMK AT RA? Vee = VV vVev Ve ZNSN VN VA XN IR: RRMAWAT. MEK TRS WME ASIRAVLKK HC, v VVVVN ee VS VV VNR No -v TAR: XPM, RRA RAT ARM are, HR T.® VV VV NA NN VNovves HK: HL, RAMA RERAR A, ALEGRE, vVoveve wave VN says vv v LAR: GH AREF AATERAR A, RK, + ial New Words 1. FE swt de (structural particle) We7(Ray, WIRE SULA2. 3. 14. 15, H BRAT 2p 5. FEA ARR AR ag . AY aE R BML . RB vo Opv Adv Adv yinhang shdo pdidui padi dui huan yingbang rénminbi rénmin déi yong gang céng féichang cl canguan bingmayéng early KPA AGAM, BER, HEAR A AE bank "1 FR 4F few; little A> ARATARAD tad AN > to form a line; to queue up AJAHE BA EBA SEG, AEDES HED TBA to arrange; to put in order a row of people; line to exchange; to change #4%, #3. OCR pound sterling #385,—3E 5}. A RR Renminbi (RMB) # ARB people PE ART MAKAR to need; must; to have to 744%, 7 FED, 2 DIRK to use JAE, FU— Pui FASE BRA Roh AA Bh Fl just; only a short while ago AJ IAt RAT from ASSEMBLE RS very; extremely; highly 4k 347 ,4E af BASE AE OCP AR (measure word for actions) 3X, HB KK to visit (a place) BUABE, BW Be, BMA A (ceremonial clay statues of warriors -3-and horses which are buried with the dead) BW fi K N_ bing soldier; fighter 17. 4s NN mingxinpian postcard RAHN (8 4 ,— IKONS SORA ET 2 N xin letter 5/8, 2548 ALS 18. GH Vv gdi to be sb.’s turn to do sth. BRT VR BRIT be) T 19. LY¥EA HN gdngzud rényuGn working personnel; staff member #2 FLEA MB EAA, TEAR AR N_ rényuan personnel; staff 26 fe Nu qiGn thousand BH, HAF 21. 3 v_ sht to count 3—BL, BOK, BR, BART 2. ZAtF# PN Wangflijing (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) 23. Be PN X?ran (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) (HEPWEARE] Confirming that something has saree) vivre ervanyv fet eve KOM: AARAARA,RALAT. AM ALR, yu vv 4vN ovens BRA: HM, FIO BARL, AGRA T 47, -VNV 4a BRA: MARBART Re, RIRAMPIL T 7 - NN NV vvN fv Noe Hh O: RARE EET REA Roh? LA AIL?BRA: BRA: BRA: LET, RAR TE DIE” .® - NN Novy ‘ --N\ V4 NV - 7 DBS T . LEAH? TRF LER RE ‘ Th, RRR? Nvvsiove SL 44-2 -VV ev 2 RT, EAMRA wR ERI ARILIRITS , HWS HR vvowy sR EM, Gite eae ast Dy \ve ws Lee NN Ne Nev vv ves > RBRKR. ELRAMRIRMTIS, RETR SH Nveyv - \VN - ve Ne v x Ay LA BRB EBS ANGIE IIT EAH? - VEN VV eee 2 RESIS RARE, FABRA A: We PRL tie? \ Q 4 ¢ VN - - = NV iz ve 7 vay UBL A? RAIS LN NNSA vay > LRALBEI NRA”, ©+ ia] New Words LFAAL HEA Iu 2. BUR 3. the iA 1 2A 2. BRAD 3. eA 4. 7% 5. LHW RA 6. iL 1. MA 8. 480A -6- IE IE > Adv haojiti bu jian haojit jian fazhan kudi hua putonghud nidnging ging lic déng jiu Supplementary Words N N N M N Vv N N méiyuan Ouyudn ji@yuan yuan yazhouxué xi huild xi@njin xinyongka haven't seen (sb.) for a very long time a very long time to see to develop fast; quick; rapid RGAE HAR, DE PRR, BAR dialect; language _L Yi, PUR, rh Bigs the common speech (mandarin) Pais, Fas young 44% \ aR AEE AS light; small fluent PLASRTEAY AAEM Fe ADGE ASE vA A to understand fit L #8 , AHEEIB-, THES Bt exactly; precisely LAE, BLL (MAE et U.S. dollar Euro Canadian dollar (measure word for Chinese currency kuai) Department of Asian Studies exchange rate cash credit card9. Sr N chéngshi city 10. UA N difang place 11. JL Vv érzi son 12. ¥ N cai food; a dish D Pee PE ze FALL Be “You just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JK+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “JK” i usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: BMAF BE OPE, OK B AYP B. In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn’t denote location must be followed by “3X JL” or “JL”, thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: ROA BR ABILR HOAKGE ABIL AR? HR AE AAR ILA ARAF @ (RHA, “The food (I had) was passable.” “TLL” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i& 7] 2,” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: UPBYETA, Wa EE RGEWAFE TU, @ FMW. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “i%4+NP+(V)+J” means “it’s somebody’s turn (to do something)”. For example:BMRBRLT o ® PRB , I “Good morning, Lin Na.” “FL!” is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “fl! ” For example: — 4) F! ARAN! O KABA HE” . “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “fiJ{ij(ii” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “3%” can be pronounced “Bij fiz”({A?IA]), whereas “AR” is pronounced “4” ([va?]). © BORE LAE TAH “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “gE” (1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: RRM E BRAPAS 1Dyeill iB S le (i 4 3 Zz S a 1. AOR, FP! GARR MERITS? 2. KAABKA,RALBT 3. RAY AA EAL 4. FR-RGRS VARA? 5. MB) & ABIL A Ape 6. RRAAF 7. FBARBHAURAAl Q 8. AMAL RA TE”.1. 34 TAAL Master the following phrases C1) FREAH FIA E AA EERE BRRERBRE FARA vEAPE TA BAA REALS RERF BARRY HERAA RGR KARS BRAGA BR LAER RAF CA) RAAEA B (1) PARRY (0) 2 FD AE (2) BRT KRBT HRT PHwMeyT AMABWT BAM GTRA BRTRA AAVBETAA ILATRA TERS TRA PWETRA ALAR KRGSR AwkpwRS QIRLIRK (3) AEREEM MAB iy AR WMEAVLA MRT ABF (4) SMS BMA BIE BHPRM BRPBHS AON) EGE ER (5) Ete BRERA BRR AB a BAR BRE I OA (6) AA FH HIE 5s RAN ZMBM KEKE F-$ A-M R-Kk A-A ON-F 5-H WH-it 2. AJHAR Pattern drills (C1) RHRRGES? a + WAR RIURF ae Be UE RAGE RE? % 3 RRA Ke (2) Heil BGS HARE g QP BS ORE, RBRIBBA A AS 6 e i AF eR RAEAM SRT RA me HA ts RRIF ET,(3) PAAR AER? REM RAMEE OTE EBA KAR? HOBATK Veo (4) FRAY TB? HAMIL T 2 RABAPMILT » (5) EFM AEA T? RAIMET « MBE BAL? RBA (6) AARBA EAH? REK, MAILE? BME. MB IRIE— AK? BRAR-HE (7) HA, RA-KRBRS TARP? ARG aE if Be RK TY Ble BRAT RIAA AB IL EJB ABIL KALA Xp By BEA 4iae ARR LAP KR wae RE ARE) i524 RAR ABIL RAE bi FB KAR KOM FARRAR fh , 1&2 3008 4, -10- KA(MAlyusn) AKk—L AM 500 £H | Ba (Ouyudn) b3-L=F 200 KA 2a A (ji@yuan) ERLE 700 Ha Fe,3. DRk3F3h Classroom activity Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates (1) 14 A (méiyuGn) 8.19% (yuanNA KR ft A: lOKAKSYARH? B: lOXAMSIVLZAR AFA, A: 200AH___ PB A: 20kH___ OB: LC (2) 1m A (GuyuGn) 7.12% (yuan) A Rf A: 500K 2? B: —o A: 620K 2 B: A: T80bK A. 2 B: (3) tev (GiGyudn) 45.234 (yuan)A Rf A: 1300%2 7 2 Br A; 150042 2 Be A; 190040 %, 2 Bro, 4. S1EA Conversation exercises [4TdR0F Saying hello] (1) A: Fe Bi thBo SR ARAMRA., A: &M,FRARA, (2) Ar RAE! eF. As HER ARE ASE 2 B: PIAA. HET A: 8K QAR AE. -ll-(HES ER Confirming that something has happened ] (1) A: FRAME MILT? REFS BE BRIT ARK Br REAMAT , at Kee, A: RRA. RRA BIE, MR MBREL, (2) A: ARM, ME MILT 2 B: & OT A: that Ze EA? B: RMB ERT RAAB, Li¥ Othe BR4T 9 ~Commenting on one’s actions] C1) A: teeth? RA To B: MBAR! : HILAL TA, ERMC EAH? MR SL F AR (yazhOuxue x1) 44 FB yh? > RKP RE, + RREBRATRAA aR, 5 : HARA IE? (2) : EMBRAER? > ERKSHRFS? SHRBE. REBR KR. SHB (3) A: RAMREEREAH? Brrr rer Pe Pe De ee 1 8 1A: B: A: B: RENE SAA Kb? BREA ER? “ER 4T4R4% Changing money at the bank] (1) A: B; : PR AGI (hull) $ 7? (2) Pe Pee PP DHL, RBA KARAR A BRRS Y KA? DANOOK AI ° HP ° Bo RR a, 1847, HALARBO0A LZ (xidinjin) , 3 E44 4948 JAF (XinyOngka) . BAR PERREA? (HEE IF Describing a place one has visited] A: Sr vr pe rey OF BLUE AY He To Fe 6 ATR : KERB T 4? AIL RBG RB? RBURS. 2 EM RGR? 2 ABILR REA? ABIL 8 A HG 38 16 2 ABIL A BE DLR o MEEEAA -13-5. HAWG Describe the following pictures (RARE) 6. 3€BR4EJ Communication practice (1) You went to the bank to exchange money, but after talking to the teller, you noticed that the exchange rate was not very good. Therefore, you decided to change the money later. (2) After visiting different places, you and your friend are asking about each other’s travel experiences. (3) You are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. You hope that he/she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese, grammar, and character-writing. a il TRE EM TRBAR AMG RIGS FEL AE MAREK AAT 9 HOM ASE IK, hah AEA ER, RP EMAL T . RHMAILY PEERY SPR, AREAL AE EE, EE ARE A ODER -14-Life — 7S KB (Chéngshl) , & FHI AR ARE EH ARS , 5th KBAR BAF, EAM RIRA SZ RERAEMT IRS AA A (difang) WE TAY RAR, EK TRS AEH. MILF (EZ) ALL, AEP EUGRAT A LAEA BIA IF GME K PEAR, ARATE ER (COI) BAT ARSE ALAR RTE 0 RAGE EL UAB AE BE PETRA ARSE EAP IE TVA, 4S EMG TRAIL PLA RE. Le kL EME, WT LAGE LAT AR AS 1B PH NLELAADHS MIS, FRAL MIS PREPARA, AEH RAABMEBIE, ” WA 1. 4825468 (1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. This is called the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “4” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ ( + Adv + A & it a F oes i aA B The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ + A + FRA FIL FH F RIF? BR a RR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “#$”. The first verb is often omitted. _ 6(V) + 0 + V + # + Adv + A Predicate Subject T 7 | (v)| o vs 48" Adv A | Particle te & # | RR Fe | 3 | 4 #B H a2 Li Be | RABE? fed) | GL) afaiae [at e SAH? Ea (4) | BR | # Hee Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “ji”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example; “RR” , “BUAARUE” - (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “JX” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say O" “HALE.” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques tion. For example; Question Answer REREAD? RRB, PTR GA, Rial, 2 BH “T” OQ: HEATER Particle “T” @, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “7” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “J” Q always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and B; [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. -~16-A MEMEIL? Where are you going? KREMM I am going to the shopping mall. MEA? What are you going to buy? RF Rio I am going to buy some clothes. B MAMIL T 2 Where have you been? Or Where did you go? RAMATQ Tve been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. TEA T? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RE RIRT 6 T've bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. In group A, “FH” and “IAH" are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. To negate a sentence with the particle “{/” @), place the adverb “J (4 )” rather than “78” before the verb, and omit “{” from the end of the sentence. To form a V/A-not-V/A question, juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its negative ( “---?---” ), or add “+. }4j” to the end of an affirmative sentence. V+ O+ — Predicate Subject — 1 — Adv v | oO Pt R | BR ca To te BA z Lif. RE a R Ta? a * BR TRA? ae SMM KAMA? Notes ; (1) When present, the particle “7” @ always indicates that actions or events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that “J” @ is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event (especially several events taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMARLFLA LY, FHLRM—ARS, (2) If “7” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; RET o “J” expresses the completion and realization RET. of the action and confirms the completion or MARKT realization of some event or situation. 3. Bhi AHH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “A—A”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; 7, iii, F—E, FU—JN, MR, AINA, BOM, etc. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—” to the verb. 4. 100~10000f# Hc Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 —FO-— 102 —FOS ee 109 —FOA 110 —g—+ Wl -q-+— 12 —q@aya wee 19 —g—-+A 120 —Fao+ 191 —@r+— 192 —FAPA vee 199 —GrAtA 200 =F 201 =HO- 202. =FOR 209 =FOA 210 =q—+ 91 ABAT— 992 AAAI vee 999 ABATA 1000 —+ 1001 —+-O— 1010 —-O—+ 1052 —F+#O#+= 1100 —-+-g 1109 —F—FOA 3543 2+ AAI+=S 8910 AFABAF 99 AFA -18-1. 1FH793K(1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) When constructing Chinese characters, certain rules are followed in the combination of sound, structure and meaning. Though the forms of modern characters are frequently very different from these ancient ones, Chinese characters still maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system. Therefore, understanding the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them. Pictographic method (4J%%): This method of construction depicts either the whole image or the partial characteristic of an obje It is the original method of forming characters. a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example: AKA RFS FR AK ALRKA.TOIG AL, FLL, SRF ALSIP RBS. b. Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example; ELAR. c. Depicting both the object and other ass R,A,C RM. siated things. For example; In antiquity, these single-component characters, which we have already learned, were originally pictographic. Nowadays, they are no longer very pictographic but are similar to codes. However, when they are used as the basic components for multi- component characters, the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter. 2. ALBAAMF Learn and write basic Chinese characters a BK "PPR min the people 5 strokes 2) RCH) rap bi currency 4 strokes -19-3) + gian thousand 3 strokes aA AR jit long 3 strokes (6) K(R)° 7 © AGH huan abundant 7 strokes (6) SE oT Fre qid mound, hillock 5 strokes oO A " "PF AAAA yong road; path 7 strokes ) Mie) (-+ 2) Ya Asia 6 strokes ¢ oo 0) #(#) 7 F424 ché vehicle 4 strokes i) fF “Svar eareEe zhong heavy 9 strokes ape ~F RE -20-you especially 4 strokes 3. USWX HAW Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) zdo ¢ Fa Fey 6 strokes ° ( \ Zz (2) 4R4F yinhang (4R47) aR -_ & + Rk 11 strokes (3) BEER paidul (#E mR) HE > 4 + # 11 strokes FRaFPF +A 4 strokes (4) # huan (4) Hot + & 10 strokes # (eingziteu) 78 Fr (5) 34 yingbang (4%) 6 strokes Bese 4 eH a 15 strokes (6) ZA cong (#) Mah +k 4 strokes (7) k ci Rm? 4k 6 strokes -21-(8) AML Canguan (AFR) Ms + 6 strokes (9) & 4 bingmdydng (4 H1A) & 7 i toa 7 strokes jR> 4+ A 9 strokes (10) "4s 4 =mingxinpian fe > 4 4 9 strokes (11) LMA KR gOngzud rényuan (TAH) Rowen 7 strokes (12) £75 Wangfijing Fe > P+ At 8 strokes (13) &# xXran os 7a HE to 6 strokes (14) RA fazhan GER) JR > P +r 4 nm 10 strokes (15) 4$387 plitOnghud (#383) &o + Ft gy 12 strokes moO A+ 10 strokes -22-(16) 44 nidnging (43) Hee + B 9 strokes (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of “4” is written as “ Au (lidzipang) FRR BR ae 7 strokes (17) A) lich NG 10 strokes 7 strokes (18) t& ddng k — t + 15 strokes (19) # jiu BoP + kh 12 strokes Xi’an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals Xian is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th century BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty established his capital, named Haojing, where Xi'an is currently located. After that, the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC—206 BC), the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—25 AD), the Sui Dynasty(581 AD—618 AD), and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD), all had their capital cities at Xi’an. Xi'an was the capital city of Chinese civilization for over one thousand years of its five-thousand-year history. In antiquity, Xi'an was called Chang'an. In the year -23-1369, its name was changed to Xi’an, and has remained the same to the present day. Now the modern city of Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms’ Period (229 AD—277 AD) and the Eastern Jin() Dynasty (317 AD—420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the acting president in Nanjing. From 1927 to 1949, Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality government of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province. Beijing was the capital city of the Jin(4), Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949, it became the capital city of the People’s Republic of China. In addition, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou are among what are called the six major ancient Chinese capitals. -24-Filling out forms, getting a library card, going to the library to borrow and return books, paying fines for overdue books: these are some of the things that you are very likely to do in your school life. This lesson will teach you how to express these activities in Chinese. You will also learn two sentence patterns particular to the Chinese language. STAR Lesson 16 R B: RAMRGH HE, Alike, PAR BLK, WX BH ZR, MANERA, ACM BED T - R My - -N VV Ne THR: PRET HB?O vv wus ve RB TA -AILP AR-7N vA vA ve Z2RET o RAM, RAPHPRE TA: RA AMIE BIE. . ofS IRENE LAR: BPR RT OS? He, TAR TH kh: BRT. be Ru, 4¢ Ve Nev PR. RASTER IHAR: HARRA. RB TR AALS RAR. BIKE ASR TA tk: RAPER, thee, RB, Rit MAP AE RACK? TA ik: He RASH. “HS? Be STAIR’. Ts yn aa “PE RI] "BRR? 3 (44%) Filling out forms, an R #&: AeA? Th tk: B92? LR", “TRE? _-—Eve VVN ev eNN e eu. RR B, BPE”, o URACIL TKR Fo BAH BLT, SLAB Le Nv ves KE RAARE AGE T « + ial New Words 1. 7, Prep ba (denoting the disposal of sth.) #483 T AREER T JER 2% Vv wang to forget STP UEK HILT 3. ABE ON tushiguén — library 3: P64 HERB, SUE HH, PL aTE As N tusha books Ae N guan shop; a place for cultural activities ‘SCO ORT ; SEAR 4. SEN — bangéngshl office ZMH, LBHRO IRA dn RETINA, ARE Tp vO bangéng to handle official business; to work (usu. in an office) JS ETE Ee N shi room fh A3 5. Ek WN shang to go up; to get on / last; previous | 3, EER EUG, Lb OA 6 Adv xiGn first; before SEA. te Jean ASS, JER Fate 7. RIE ON ji@shOzhéng — library card #584 AME BIE EAE EDS T MEE e v jie to borrow; to lend (2%, (443 (HEEB -27-10. 20. 21. a ey RAT . ie . A . TES . PE FI] FRak =28- WN VN zhéng ythuir xia dai tian bido na man buxing shénghud aij xingming xingbié zhiyé jido (ST HIS certificate; card 4b UE, iH AETE, C/EIE a little while —2JLBt2,—AILER, A ILEA HEB to go down; to get offnext FR, FH, PRE, SLE PK, FEM, FAA to bring HAF aR AH ALD, eR ART to fill in; to write EAS SUPA HY, BUNA A form; table; list S38, PFE, Ak—TK to take; to hold; to get 44%, @3t#, SHOR, SIE slow; slowly 5784818 AB, BIL 18, BURA not be allowed; won't do to live/life Zep RRMETE , FEILER A ALTE AERA RIE 5s BURA oneself (KA, RAC, FES ,8a #, ACS, com mame 7#/E AYRE , BEE sex; gender HEHE] occupation; profession fF AML Aub, Pb to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent, etc. ) ZE9E, 3668, ZEATAR: TAK: vVoN ANS -4e- : BUIMEBEDT S Katia? SL o4vee -\ DT TER, INR eM Ne Ne rev Ne ev : PRIMEHARS. AK, KHMMMLAMFIRT , 4 * Vv¥VV¥ 4S VN ANY FRY Ve RTE R, TRIES EA AS EK LARS Rh, RAMEY RBRAAA VvvoNw Ne ae VV e-VNNN > LERNREGH, dL. BARC LAG HH -29--VVN wee TOA ik: RLM TAS Rapes vvNes in y & R 4: TARA} SFR, Resuming books - vee KE, REF, v ooeNe evecy DUAR: Ho WHAT MART. NVM NN evn oe R fe: WRAL RP AA, Ree HILST, new a a Sven = LAR: —AGRM-RBHL,OMAT WAH it BT+R, Bi - ee Ne BENRR VeeN VN AVA RB, BBA, HA, RRA AML? Sova revues U8] LMHAR: MILA BH, TUES, = ee SA TOA RR: APBAF RS HIRAM? vovvoversnveyv IHAR: A. R-AK ARBRA), AE ig] New Words 1. & A chang long HYIAVBL ABSA Oy TA et 2 Bix VN kdoshi to give or take an examination/examination; -~30-3. RAR 4. ie 10. $9 aR H 11. Aa xe 12. & Vv VO/N < 2222 bucud. fanyi xin kébén cha hudn guoqi gud qi fakuan fa kuan dianndo dian nado cha test CBA AR EA to give or take an examination; to test Ag Aa, BIR A not bad FAS ANGH SAE AN HE ETE ASA He RA to translate; to interpret MPESIB3, BE DESC ACRES 75 BE new B45, PATE, Mla, A textbook Bi IIB ASI TRAR MIE HDA to go or come out HK, HAS, MILI to give back; to return i615 RURAL, HER to be overdue IAT RAMI FARR A to pass a period of time to impose a fine or forfeit/fine xLSNTHRK; BEAK to punish; to penalize TR, TST TR a sum of money computer — Fa) 13 FF (9 HEL AT SH, « FATA, electricity brain to check; to look up #EURAC, #E4E 18), AETB Ae AEH A FA BA -31-13. CEA Xin Shiyong Hanyti Kabén RBA) PN New Practical Chinese Reader A A shlyong practical ED FEAETA] Supplementary Words Lee ON yuelanshi reading room 2A N zazhi magazine 3. AA N wenda questions and answers 4, FRIT v yuding to reserve; to book 5. Fil] N fangjian room 6. BS N gudji nationality 7. AR N yaoshi key 8 AR N mulu catalogue; list 9. BR ov xayie to renew 10. $6 N nianling age wR PN Gudngddng — Guangdong Province 12. RAE N chdlou tearooms; tea house 13. BA N laorén the elderly; the aged; old man or woman 14. PHS v kaisht to start; to begin 15. BF N hdizi child 16. ia] A rénao lively; bustling with noise and excitement -32-D FRR LAY? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” The adverb “BE"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action. It i8 also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: AIGA LRAT 9 PANTRARL AH @ SEM TEH BEI ARK ACH, “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “fy” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “{HAC”, “RNA”, “HRAG”, “SAG”, 2aR”. @ Aas. “You yourself know (what to write).” @ WRN LBM AIRT “I heard that you had an exam last week.” “[:" and “>” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “|” meaning “last” or “previous”, and “F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous this next/the following EA (last time) IK (this time) FX next time) E2ZIH (last Friday) (3£4+) 29H (this Friday) + 242 (next Friday) EA (last month) & 4A (this month) +A (next month) @ BILAL Key ial? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-