Caltex vs Palomar

G.R. No. L-19650

29 September 1966

Facts:
In the year 1960, Caltex conceived a promotional scheme and called it
"Caltex Hooded Pump Contest". It calls for participants to estimate the
actual number of liters a hooded gas pump at each Caltex Station will
dispense during a specified period. For the priviledge to participate, no fees
or consideration, nor purchase of Caltex products were required.

Forseeing the extensive use of mails relative to the contest,

representations were made by Caltex with the postal authorities for the
contest to be cleared in advanced for mailing. The acting Postmaster General
opined that the scheme falls within the purview of sections 1954, 1982 and
1983 of the Revised Administrative Code and declined to grant the requested
clearance.

Issues:
W/N construction should be employed in this case and W/N the contest
violates the provisions of the Postal Law

Held:
Yes. Construction of a law is in order if what is in issue is an inquiry
into the intended meaning of the words used in a certain law. As defined in
Black's Law Dictionary: Construction is the art or process of discovering
and expounding the meaning and intention of the author's of the law with
respect to a given case, where that intention is rendered doubtful, amongst
others, by reason of the fact that the given case is not explicitly provided for
in the law. In the present case, the prohibitive provisions of the Postal Law
inescapably require an inquiry into the intended meaning of the words
therein. This is as much as question of construction or interpretation as any
other. The Court is tasked to look beyond the fair exterior, to the substance,
in order to unmask the real element and pernicious tendencies that the law is
seeking to prevent.

Lottery extends to all schemes for the distribution of prize by chance.

The three essential elements of a lottery are: (1) consideration, (2) prize, and
(3) chance. Gift enterprise is commonly applied to a sporting artifice under
which goods are sold for their market value but by way of inducement, each
purchaser is given a chance to win a prize. Gratuitous distribution of
property by lot or chance does not constitute lottery. In the present case, the
element of consideration is not observed. No payment or purchase of a
merchandise was required for the priviledge to participate.