A REPORT

ON
SUMMER TRAINING
Starting date of training: 04/06/2019
End date of training: 04/07/2019

BY
AKASH PHANINDRA

Under the guidance of Mr. N.YEKAMBAR

Report submitted to:

HARPREET SINGH BEDI
LPU
PUNJAB
 CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

4. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

5. ARDUINO UNO

6. HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

7. SEQUENCE CHART

8. SG90 SERVO MOTOR

9. BUILDING OF SMART DUSTBIN

10.CONNECTING

11. CODE FOR AURDUINO

12.WORKING

13.ADVANTAGES

14.DISADVANTAGES
ABSTRACT
In last few years there is a rapid growth in urban development plans, the concept of smart
cities. While the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a requirement for Smart waste
management. The idea of Garbage monitoring system is for the Smart buildings, Colleges,
Hospitals and Bus stands.

The Garbage monitoring system thought is an improvement of normal dustbin by

elevating it to be smart using sensors. Garbage monitoring system is a new idea of
implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using ultrasonic sensors for garbage level
detection, display and sending message to the concern department person updating the
status of the bin using GSM modem.

INTRODUCTION:
Garbage! In our daily life, we see the pictures of garbage bins being overfull and all the
garbage smells out. This leads to the number of diseases as large number of insects and
mosquitoes breed on it.

A big face up to the smart cities is solid waste management, not only in India almost
all the countries in the world. This project gives the most efficient ways to keep our
environment clean and green. The upcoming large number of smart cities, large
numbers of responsibilities is also required to be fulfilled. The most important need of
a smart way of life begins with cleanliness and cleanliness begins with smart Dustbin. A
people will get its waste dispatch properly only if the dustbins are placed well and collected
well. The main problem in the current waste management system in most of the cities is the
damaging status of dustbins.

So, by using the new technology we send the information to the concern persons
and display boards are arranged in the concern offices. The progress of waste across the
entire city can be tracked and thus can be monitored by a single system efficiently and
concretely. This system can prove to be a revolution for the whole waste management
system of future smart cities.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:

level of garbage in the dustbins is detected with the help of Sensor systems, and
communicated to the authorized control room through GSM system. Microcontroller is
used to interface the sensor system with GSM system. In this system, the Ultrasonic
sensor is used for garbage level detection by using ultrasonic sound waves. GSM
module is used for communication purpose, to send message to the higher officials
when the dustbin is not cleaned. LCD is used to display the location of the dustbin is full at
the control room.

Arduino board is used to interface the sensor, LCD and GSM module. The
ultrasonic sensor is act as level detector. The output of level detector is connected to
the microcontroller. Depending on the microcontroller program in first level the dustbin
filled information is displayed on LCD and in second level if the dustbin is filled and
not at cleaned then message send to the higher officials. The AT commands are used to
facilitate the messaging service through the GSM Module.

This program is burned in the microcontroller with the help of Arduino software
(IDE). These messages consist of information of garbage levels of respective dustbins.
Depending on the information sent to control room, the authority informs the concern
person of the respective area about garbage level. Then the concerned person makes sure
that the garbage of that particular area is collected by sending the cleaning vehicles.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Arduino UNO

2. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor module

3. Towerpro SG90 Server motor

4. Connecting wires

5. 5V power supply

6. A small dustbin with hinged lid

7. Miscellaneous things
 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on

the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is

equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to

various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog

pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a

type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery,

though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino Nano and

Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative

Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website.

Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.

Technical specifications

 Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P

 Operating Voltage: 5 Volts

 Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts

 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

 Analog Input Pins: 6

 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

 SRAM: 2 KB

 EEPROM: 1 KB

 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

 Length: 68.6 mm

 Width: 53.4 mm

 Weight: 25 g
HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

A short ultrasonic pulse is transmitted at the time 0, reflected by an object. The senor receives

this signal and converts it to an electric signal. The next pulse can be transmitted when the

echo is faded away. This time period is called cycle period. The recommend cycle period

should be no less than 50ms. If a 10μs width trigger pulse is sent to the signal pin, the

Ultrasonic module will output eight 40kHz ultrasonic signal and detect the echo back. The

measured distance is proportional to the echo pulse width and can be calculated by the

formula above. If no obstacle is detected, the output pin will give a 38ms high level signal.

SPECIFICATIONS:

 Power supply: 5V DC

 Quiescent current: <2mA

 Effectual angle: <15°

 Ranging distance: 2cm – 500 cm

 Resolution: 1 cm

 Ultrasonic Frequency: 40k Hz

Sequence chart
SG90 SERVO MOTOR:

Introduction:

It is tiny and lightweight with high output power. This servo can rotate approximately 180

degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller. You can

use any servo code, hardware or library to control these servos.It comes with a 3 horns (arms)

and hardware.

SPECIFICATIONS:

 Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)

 Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree

 Stall torque: 1.8 kgf·cm

 Dead band width: 10 µs

 Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC
HOW TO BUILD A SMART DUSTBIN USING AURDINO :

• Now, let me take you through the actual setup and build process of the

Smart Dustbin using Arduino.

• First, I will start with the mechanism to open the lid. As you might have

already guessed, I have used a Servo Motor for this purpose.

• In order to open the lid, I have fixed a small plastic tube (like an empty

refill of a ball-point pen) to the servo horn (a single ended horn) using

instant glue.
• For this mechanism to be able to open the lid of the dustbin, it must be

placed near the hinge where the lid is connected to the main can.

• From the following image, you can see that I have fixed the servo motor

on the can.

• Also, make sure that the lifting arm is parallel to ground under closed lid

condition.
CONNECTING THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR :

• Once the servo is in position, you can move onto the Ultrasonic Sensor.

• Make two holes corresponding to the Ultrasonic Sensor on the lid of the

dustbin, as shown in the following image.

• Now, from the inside, place the Ultrasonic Sensor through the holes and

fix its position with the help of glue.

WIRING UP THE COMPONENTS:

• The final step in the build process is to make the necessary connections

using long connecting wires as per the circuit diagram and securing these

wires so that they don’t hang around.

• All the wires from both the components i.e. Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo

Motor are connected to respective pins of Arduino.

• This finishes up the build process of the Smart Dustbin.

CODE TO RUN THE SMART DUSTBIN USING ARDUINO:

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int pos = 20;
const int trigPin = 5;
const int echoPin = 6;
const int led = 13;
long duration;
float distance;
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(11);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
myservo.write(pos);
}
void loop()
{
//Serial.begin(9600);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = 0.034*(duration/2);
//Serial.println(distance);
if (distance < 27)
{
 digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
myservo.write(pos+160);
delay(1000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
myservo.write(pos);
}
delay(300);
WORKING :

• After setting up the Smart Dustbin and making all the necessary connections, upload

the code to Arduino and provide 5V power supply to the circuit.

• Once the system is powered ON, Arduino keeps monitoring for any object near the

Ultrasonic Sensor.

• If the Ultrasonic Sensor detects any object like a hand for example, Arduino

calculates its distance and if it less than a certain predefined value, Arduino will

activate the Servo Motor and with the support of the extended arm, it will list the lid

open.

• After certain time, the lid is automatically closed.

ADVANTAGES :

It keeps our surroundings clean and green and free from bad odour of wastes, emphasizes on

healthy environment and keep cities more beautiful.

➨It further reduces manpower requirements to handle the garbage collection process.

➨Applying smart waste management process to the city optimizes management, resources

and costs which makes it a "smart city".

➨It helps administration to generate extra revenue by advertisements on smart devices.

DISADVANTAGES :

System requires more number of waste bins for separate waste collection as per

population in the city. This results into high initial cost due to expensive smart dustbins

compare to other methods.

 Sensor nodes used in the dustbins have limited memory size.

 Wireless technologies used in the system such as zigbee and wifi have shorter range

and lower data speed. In RFID based systems, RFID tags are affected by surrounding

metal objects (if any).

 It reduces man power requirements which results into increase in unemployment’s for

unskilled people.

 The training has to be provided to the people involved in the smart waste management

system.