ASME B31.

3
SL = SP + ST + SX + SB

SL The net longitudinal stresses The maximum permitted value of |SL|

SP The longitudinal stress due to internal pressure in restrained pipelines is Sp = 0.3SH

ST The longitudinal stress due to thermal expansion in restrained pipe

E = the elastic modulus, psi (MPa), at the ambient temperature
T1 = the pipe temperature at the time of installation,tie-in, or burial, °F (°C)
T2 = the warmest or coldest pipe operating temperature, °F (°C)
α = the coefficient of thermal expansion,1/°F (1/°C)
SX The stress due to axial loading other than thermal expansion and pressure
SX = R/A
A = pipe metal cross-sectional area, in.2 (mm2)
R = external force axial component, lb (N)
SB
SB = M/Z
M = the bending moment across the pipe cross section,lb-in. (N·m)
Z = the pipe section modulus, in.3 (cm3)

SB 0.6ST - |Sp+St| 203.9336

r ED/2SB 164359.7 164.3597

α (12/(2πr))*360 4.18532
 itted value of |SL| 0.9 S is the specified minimum yield strength, psi (MPa), per para. 841.1.1(a), and T is the tem
s Sp = 0.3SH SH is the hoop stress, psi (MPa) 38.79351
SH p*d/2t

ST = α(T1 − T2) -50.8599

207000 MPA
41 C
20 C
0.0000117

-12.06638792
.1.1(a), and T is the temperature derating factor per para. 841.1.8. s 360 324

p 7.93 t 12.7 129.3117

d 323.85 1.5
1.27
9.93